Ntchito yaikulu ya Ili Muromtsa. Zochita za Ili Muromtsa

Aliyense anamva ngwazi ngati a epic Ile Muromtse. Koma si aliyense amadziwa za tsoka yake yovuta, zochuluka wake.

ndi amene ngwazi za Russian

Mawu "ziphona" anali woyamba kutchulidwa m'masiku a Lazaro pofika m'zaka za m'ma 7 ndipo m'malo m'mbuyomo yachiwiri dzanja mawu "Horobrih" kutanthauza "mtima wa thundu". mawu awa inayambira chakale Turkic, ndipo amachokera ku muzu "Batyr" (wolimba, wamphamvu).

Ngakhale Russian asilikali ankhondo olimba mtima kumenyana zonse ndi wongosamukasamuka kumalire a kum'mawa kwa Kievan Lazaro, ndi anthu awo anadziwika monga ngwazi.

Kusiyana waukulu pakati ngwazi za asilikali wamba incommensurable chikondi cha dziko, kudzipereka kwa udindo, mphamvu wokwera ndi wokonzeka nthawi zonse kuthamangira kunkhondo m'dzina la lawo ofooka, kukhumudwitsa anthu ndi ulemu wawo.

Mu chithunzi chili m'munsichi zazikulu Russian zojambulajambula Viktor Vasnetsov anapereka fanizo wothamanga atatu wotchuka m'mbiri ya Russia. Kuchokera kumanzere: Dobrynya Nikitich, Ilya Muromets, Alyosha Popovich.

Ilya Muromets ndi amene

Koma wotchuka kwambiri ndi kwambiri akulemekezedwa wopambana mu Russia anali Ilya Muromets. Kumbukirani si ndi mawu koma mwa zochita wolimba. Ilya zimapeputsa Muromtsa amafotokozedwa okwanira maphwando a mtundu. Komabe, Dziwani kuti aliyense matsenga Goliyati (Nightingale ndi wakuba, mafano zinyalala) kuimira yeniyeni woyendayendawu anthu (Pechenegs, Polovtsy), imene pa nthawi ya kulemba nkhondo yadzaoneni yolimbirana Kievan Lazaro. Masiku amenewo, epics izi n'zomveka mwamtheradi kwa anthu a nthawi imeneyo, "Chronicle a nkhondo".

Kufotokozera Ili Muromtsa mu epics ndi amasamalirira kwambiri kuti khalidwe lake, okoma mu nkhondo zambiri zolimba ndi zooneka zochitika ndi kovuta, za maonekedwe ake amati pang'ono.

Zotsalira za Russian wothamanga kwambiri, amenenso ndi woyera m'manda mu Lavra Kiev-Pechersk. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, Eliya anali pafupi 180 masentimita wamtali. Pakuti nthawi imeneyo zinali basi munthu wamkulu Komanso anali kukula kwa thupi lamphamvu.

chithunzi m'munsimu limasonyeza kuti khansala ndi zotsalira za St. Ili Muromtsa (Pechersk).

Moyo Wobvuta wa Ili Muromtsa

Ilya anabadwa m'mudzi pafupi ndi tauni ya Karacharovo Moore, kuti m'dera Vladimir, ichi ndi chifukwa chake amatchedwa Muromtsem. Bambo ndi mayi ake anali alimi yosavuta, ntchito kumunda zovuta. Komabe, mwana wawo anabadwa olumala thupi ndipo mwamtheradi sakanakhoza kusuntha manja ndi miyendo yake, ndipo sanathe kukhala yekha pa mbaula.

Kwa zaka 33 akale wothamanga anali wofooka Komabe, khalidwe lake chakhala izi amphamvu kwambiri, olimba ndi chete. Nthawi zambiri ntchito m'miyoyo ya anthu otchuka yaikulu ya epos dziko masewero chozizwitsa. Onse mphindi kwambiri mu moyo ndi zodabwitsa, kaya ndi kubadwa kwa zamatsenga, machiritso, kapena kupeza mphamvu chosafa. Ndi nazonso ndi Ilya Muromets. Yadzaoneni wa chozizwitsa kutsimikizira izo, tsopano tiyeni tikambirane.

Mwa njira, pa usinkhu wa zaka 33, Iye anapachikidwa ndipo anaukanso kwa akufa Iisus Hristos.

Photo pansipa: ngwazi Ilya Muromets pa kavalo wake, dzina lake Burushka-Kosmatushka, ndi Vasnetsov.

kuchiritsa mozizwitsa

Machiritso Ili Muromtsa alidi lowoneka. Kamodzi, pamene makolo ake anali kugwira ntchito m'munda, kunyumba kwa Eliya anabwera akulu opemphapempha. Mu Soviet mabuku nyengo si chimodzimodzi kunena kuti iwo anali ndani. Komabe, mabuku a epic, amene zinatuluka pamaso zitasintha, ananena kuti nsalu anali Iisus Hristos ndi mtumwi ake awiri.

Choncho opemphapempha anafika kunyumba ya Eliya. Nthawi yomweyo anam'funsa kuti awabweretse iwo madzi. Iwo Muromets anayankha kuti odwaladwala, manja ndi mapazi sanayende. Ndipotu, ntchito yaikulu ya Ili Muromtsa zaka 30 lomaliza - ndi kugona mu bedi.

Pa cithunzithunzi zojambulidwa ndi Andrei Klimenko, Ilya Muromets akufotokozedwa mu kufooka.

Ndiye akulu, ngakhale mawu ake kamodzi adamfunsanso kubweretsa madzi. Ilya chache sunalefuka a mtima wa anthu kwa zaka zambiri matenda khalidwe lake linali moona zodabwitsa, iye ankafunitsitsa madzi nsalu, kuika mapazi anu pansi ndipo nthawi yomweyo anazindikira kuti yalephera kummanga!

mphamvu zosaneneka anadza kwa osauka ndi olumala wolumala wathanzi anali Ilya Muromets! Bylina akupitiriza auka chithunzi amabwera kwa akasinja madzi, wathunthu amadzadza galasi amabweretsa ndi akulu. Komabe, amamufunsa kumwa madzi nokha. Madzi ali woyera, machiritso, ndi Ilya kwathunthu anawachiritsa. Pamene iye wakumwa madzi omwewo kachiwiri, amamva mphamvu zosaneneka mwamtheradi kwa fineness wa Murom, ndipo ngakhale kumwa nthawi ina kwambiri kuti achepetse gulu lalikulu.

Popeza kuchiritsa Ili Muromtsa - chochitika n'kodabwitsadi, ngwazi ali kuyamika mphatso ya akulu. Kalika kulitumiza ilo kwa utumiki wa Prince Vladimir, ndi ukuonetsa kuti padzakhala Ilya kwambiri ngwazi, ndi kuti angafe pankhondo ndi zipolopolo mdani kapena mikondo. Ndipo phunziro lalikulu Ili Muromtsa tsopano - ichi chintchito manja ndi kuteteza dziko. Akuti otchuka ambiri kumenyana naye, koma ndizo kokha kulimbana Svyatogor sayenera iye, monga Svjatogor amphamvu kwambiri.

Ilya Muromets anapeza zida ndi kavalo

Kenako Eliya anauza akulu, pa njira Kiev, iye akakumana mwala wolemera lolembedwa ndi. Muromets kumvetsera mwatcheru. Ndiyeno kupita, bids nalo makolo ake osangalala ndipo amawachitira kumapazi, "Tikuoneni kuti Kiev." Momwe iye anachokera kudutsa mwala waukulu umene uli olembedwa:

"Ile, Ile, mwala Sopra ndi malo enieni,
Pali Knight amunamuna inu,
Ndi zida koma onse herculean.
Pali malaya sable,
Pali silika chikwapu
Pali mace Damasiko "

Ndi chatsopanochi Silushka limayenda izo pamalo ake ndi zida detects chokhumudwitsa ndiyeno kavalo akuthamanga thereto. Ilya anamufunsa kuti atumikire monga maseŵero, "chikhulupiriro chilungamo." Poyankha, kavalo amapereka Ilya mtundu mayeso, koma kamodzi Muromets saddling kavalo, kufunika mayeso atayika, kavalo Limazindikira mokwanira ndi Russian ngwazi mbuye wake wamuyaya.

Komabe, pali buku lina. Lembali limati akulu anamupatsa malangizo kukula stallion wake, omwe ndi abwino kwa wochita mpikisano. Chifukwa chaichi kunali koyenera kupita ku msika, osati kusankha kugula woyamba alipo, ndi kumusamalira miyezi itatu, ndiyeno masiku atatu kuyenda pa mame atsopano.

Ilya Muromets anapambana Nightingale ndi wakuba

Pambuyo Ilya lomaliza anapita mpingo mu mzinda kwawo kwa Murom, iye amapita pa ulendo wopita kwambiri Kyiv. Pa njira, akupanga ft yake yoyamba: amapulumutsa analanda Chernigov ku woyendayendawu. The m'tauni angamupatse kukhala warlord, koma amakana, chifukwa iye akufunitsitsa kumapita ku Kiev. Atamupempha malangizo am'deralo.

The m'tauni kuwauza nkhani loopsa panjira kwa zaka zambiri, palibe amene akupita amene amakhala kufupi ndi mtsinje wa currant mu yaiwisi thundu Nightingale ndi wakuba iye. Ndipo kukuwa ndi whistles izo chabe kupha aliyense amene afika mu njira yake. Koma ngwazi Ilya Muromets ndi Nightingale si mantha kuti atumizidwe kwa mtsinje womwewo.

Anaona Nightingale ndi wakuba wolimba ngwazi, iye anafuula kuti: "Kodi mbuli akudutsa apa ndi mitengo wanga kutetezedwa" Ndipo muluzi, anabangula ngati nyama. Kale Ilya kavalo amapunthwa pa malo mmene kanyamaka amene analenga Nightingale.

Koma Ilya anaima, anatenga uta wake anapezerapo ndi amunamuna-hot muvi mu mdani wopanda pake kuti:

"Inu prosvistni muvi wanga wouma,
Wakumenya iwe mu Nightingale-wakuba! "

Ndipo kwenikweni afika! Nightingale ipitirirabe ndi thundu, ndi Ilya adzagwira iye, atamangirira chishalo ake komanso amachitapo ukapolo woipa amene amabweretsa Kiev, Prince Vladimir.

Koma Vladimir sankakhulupirira kuti munthu potsiriza anapha Nightingale ndi wakuba, ndipo pamene anavulazidwa woipa amene amabweretsa amatsogolera Ilia kwa kalonga, wakupempha iye mluzu mphamvu theka. A Nightingale ngati wenzulo! Kuyambira shrieks wake yomweyo anafa anthu ambiri. Kenako Eliya wasankha kudzamtsitsa mu bokosi ndipo anadula mutu wa Nightingale, kuti iye sanali mavuto.

Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, malongosoledwe a Ili Muromtsa, zochita zake pa nkhondo, ndi njira ya nkhondo silinakwaniritsidwe Mukalongosola, ngati pali oposa 100 mitundu ya kufotokoza zimene zinali kuchitika.

Pansipa ife tikhoza kuwona fanizo Chistyakov pa epic izi:

Ilya anakumana Svyatogora

Kodi chidwi, onse zochuluka Ili Muromtsa ndi zochitika mu moyo wake akhoza kukonza kuti mumve. Bylina mmene Muromets Svyatogora anakumana, imayamba motere: "Si kutali, kutali oyera pole,
Tut kurevka inde kukacha. "Inenso tsiku kapena malo kudziwa molondola sitingathe.

Kamodzi Ilya anapita ku Phiri Woyera, basi mu ufumu wa Svyatogor. Ndipo iye waona zodabwitsa chithunzi: amphamvu wankhondo amagona pa amapita, atakhala pa kavalo, ndi kachitidwe kwambiri Svjatogor! Musataye mwayi anakantha chivundi ndi kugonjetsa ngwazi wathu Ilya Muromets. Bylina Komabe akuti, kuti Svjatogor anagona pa kavalo. Ilya anakwiya, kugunda nthawi yachiwiri, ndiyeno wachitatu. Ndiyeno yekha ngwazi zamphamvu ndinadzuka. Anagwira imodzi Murom dzanja lake, n'kuiika m'thumba mwake, nayamba kuwakokera mthengo kwa masiku awiri.

Only pano kavalo Svyatogora wamuuza kuti wolemetsa kunyamula monga mmene Ankhondo awiri, Kugwa kavalo. Mighty wankhondo wasankha kupita kunyumba ndi katundu wake. Pali otchuka awiri kulankhula za moyo. Yabwino Ili Muromtsa ndi Svyatogor kuona mtima olimba mtima. Ziphona ziwiri asankha fraternize. Anasinthanitsa mitanda yawo ndipo tsopano ndi abale mtanda.

Pansi fanizo Kotuhinoy Ilya Muromets kumanzere Svjatogor bwino.

Nthawi apita ku phiri Woyera, koma kamodzi iwo kuwona chozizwitsa: choyenera pakati pa munda pali chachikulu choyera bokosi. Akudabwa Ankhondo, amene anapanga bokosi lodabwitsa. Ndiye Ilya Muromets wasankha pitani kwa iye ndipo aone Tiwatenga bokosi. Iye ndi iye kwambiri. Ndiye wogona mu bokosi Svyatogor. chivundikiro chatsekedwa.

A patatha mphindi zingapo ngwazi zamphamvu akufunsa nkhondo zomenyera m'bale wake kutsegula chivindikiro, koma izo sizingakhale. Ilya chimakakamiza lupanga lake ndipo akuyamba kuyesa kudula chivundikiro cha m'bokosi, koma sizinathandize. Ndiye Svjatogor amazindikira kuti anali yake kufa.

Pamene Svjatogor akafa, amapita ku Ile Muromtsu a mphamvu yake, zomwe zimachititsa kuti ngakhale kwambiri athanzi ndi amphamvu.

Ilya Muromets anagonjetsa mafano yoola

Pamene njira kuti Kiev yaikulu Chitata asilikali kutsogoleredwa ndi mafano zinyalala! Fano anali kwambiri Prince wa Kiev, koma Vladimir mantha ndi kuitanitsa mdani kuphwando wake. mdani anatenga mwayi ndi ulemerero mu mphamvu, ndende Prince wa Kiev ku ukapolo, ndi kusangalala m'chinyumba kalonga.

Ntchito yaikulu ya Ili Muromtsa - ndi chitetezo cha Vladimir ndi Russia, kotero iye anapita mwamsanga Kiev. M'njiramo wakumana ndi wapaulendo zaka mwamuna ndi kusintha zovala zake zake. Tsopano ngwazi maonekedwe monga weniweni wapaulendo. Iye akubwera ku nyumba yachifumu chimakhala phwando chipani zimayambitsa kukambirana ndi mafano.

Fano akufunsa ngwazi inadzisintha, "Kodi iwo kumwa ndi kudya otchuka Russian?" Kodi Ilya limanena kuti asilikali Tartar kudya ndi kumwa kwambiri. Fano ponyoza ulemerero Russian otchuka. Ndiye atavala Muromets zina ndi kukambirana ndi kunena kuti Chitata ngati ng'ombe anadya kwambiri ndipo adzatuluka cha dyera.

Fano iri yofulumira ku "munthu wakale" ndi mpeni, koma pa mphindi ino Ilya resets miinjiro wapaulendo, kusowa fano dzanja limodzi lokha pa ntchentche, ndi adula mutu mdani. Ndiye kuchokera mu bwalo, ndipo amachita mothandizidwa ndi chimodzi chokha Kluki Chitata onse ndi nawalanditsa Prince Vladimir m'ndende.

Ilya Muromets ndi Kalin-King

Kamodzi Prince Vladimir anakwiya kwambiri, ndipo anaika Ilya Muromets kwa zaka zitatu mu m'chipinda chapansi kuya, anam'manga ndi maunyolo. Komabe, mwana kalonga zimapangitsa kuzemba panyumba makiyi yabodza ndipo amapereka amanoledwa wothamanga atsimikize chakudya ndi zovala zotentha.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, Kalin-mfumu ati ndi ankhondo ake zikuluzikulu Kiev. Iye likuoneka kuti kuwononga mzinda, kutentha mipingo ndi kudula nzika zonse pamodzi ndi semeyu kalonga. Popewa izi, kalonga ayenera kuyeretsa misewu onse anthu kulikonse kuika mbiya ndi Anakweranso ndipo tiyeni sobstvennolichno Chitata asilikali zosangalatsa mu mzinda. Prince Vladimir akufunsa Kalina-mfumu zaka zitatu zokha, kukumana zofunika.

Ndipo apa pakubwera nthawi. Kalin-tsar ndi asilikali ufulu wake waukulu atafika pakhomo pa Kiev! Vladimir chisoni chachikulu chifukwa chakuti iye anapha Angachitsekereze wake Ilya Muromets, palibe aliyense tsopano kuti adzaima Kiev-matalala! Komabe, mwana wanga wamkazi, zaka zonse izi Ilya aziwapatsa chakudya, nati, iye adali moyo ankakonda wankhondo Ilya Muromets. Bylina sikuthetsa kumeneko.

Ilya, anauziridwa ndi m'ndende, wobvala zida, akukhala pa kavalo, ndi wina akupita ku nkhondo ndi Chitata Ratiu kutchire, adafunsa kuti amuthandize ena Russian amasewera koma anamkana, ndi kuti sanaone Kalonga wa Kiev kanthu bwino, angamuthandize.

Ndipo, ndithudi, limodzi ndi chitetezo manambala! Ilya linasokonekera kwambiri wa asilikali Chitata, koma sangapambane yekha. Ndiyeno iye agwa mu msampha wa kusamvera kavalo wake. Kavalo anamuuza kuti ali atatu kukumba loyamba awiri kavalo kulumpha, koma pambuyo wachitatu - ayi. Ndiyamika yake azidzidalira Eliya anagwira Kalin-tsar.

Kalin-tsar umafuna wothamanga kumutumikira, koma wonyada ndi woona kunyumba ya Eliya akukana. Iye amachoka mu hema mfumu, koma Chitata akuyesera kuti am'manga iye kawiri womangidwa, pamenepo iye adzagwira mmodzi wa iwo miyendo ndipo anatenga club ngati Chitata, akuswa mwa asilikali onse.

Eliya wenzulo kavalo wake amagwiritsa ntchito Burushka-Kosmatushka, akuyitana pa phiri lalitali ndi kuwombera kwa atate Samsona Samoylovicha. Iye akudzuka kuchokera zimakhalapo kuwala, amadziwa kuti ili ndi uthenga wochokera kwa Murom, ndipo nthawi yomweyo anauza ngwazi onse anakwera mmwamba mahatchi ndi kupita kupulumutsa ya ngwazi Ilya.

Pamodzi, kumwazikana asilikali a Chitata, kutenga Kalina mfumu mkaidi kukhonda iye kupereka msonkho waukulu kalonga wa Kiev.

Ilya Muromets ndi Bogatyr-tizilomboto

Kamodzi ngwazi Ilya Muromets anaganiza kuyenda pa Russia, kukayendera mzere. Ndine atakwera, atakwera, atakwera Ilya ndipo pamene ndinaona kutali ndi mtambo wa yafumbi. Kudumpha kuti Ilya Muromets kufufuza, ndi wotani kwa chozizwitsa zikuchitika kumeneko! Ndipo aona kuti pa Russian nthaka mlendo-ngwazi zosangalatsa.

Panali otchuka awiri, iwo anapha mmwamba kukambirana za mtundu wa otchuka amakhala athanzi ndi amphamvu. Iye anayamba ngwazi zachilendo kukweza okha, chotero Muromtsa kupwetekedwa mtima kumene tili. Ndiye wokwiya Russian ngwazi, Drew wake lupanga, zozizwitsa, nathamangira ake Wonyoza!

Silenus anali wothamanga yachilendo, masiku atatu ndi usiku iwo anamenyana pa mawu ofanana ndi wopanda kutopa. Koma pa tsiku lachitatu Ndinali mlendo kutopa, kenako Ilya anamugwira, nakweza wake manja awiri amphamvu pansi, kenako chabe ukali pa nthaka!

chithunzi ili pansipa, wotengedwa Shitikova.

Kukumbukira zimphona zazikulu

Ngati ife tonse, wachivundi ngwazi Ilya Muromets. anavutikira zaka 40, amakhala ofooka, anapita ansembe ndi Anapemphera kwa masiku ndipo kunalibe anagona. Ndipo anamaliza moyo wake njira, ndipo pa zaka pafupifupi 45 zaka anasamukira ku dziko lina, Ufumu wa kumwamba. Mu 1643 iye anali canonized, ndi kuyambira January 1 Russian Church MBIKOMERWA wake kukumbukira.

Ntchito yaikulu ya Ili Muromtsa moyo wonse - chintchito manja, koma Ilya - yekha otchuka Russian anabadwa mu banja wamba. Chili chithunzi cha Russian wamba yosavuta, wankhondo wamkulu ndi mtetezi, ndi ngwazi ya m'nthano ndi woyera!