Tomás Karleyl: yonena, essays. Quotes ndi mawu a Thomas Carlyle

Tomás Karleyl (December 4, 1795 - February 5, 1881) - Scottish wolemba, wolemba nkhani wina, mbiri komanso wafilosofi, popularizer ndi m'modzi wa omwe adayambitsa wapadera kalembedwe luso ndi nzeru za mabuku mbiri - "Chipembedzo ngwazi". A wotchuka kwambiri stylist zamunthawi ya Victoria nyengo. Iye anali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa lingaliro malamulo.

banja

Anabadwa mu banja la Calvinist James Carlyle ndi mkazi wake wachiwiri, Dzhanet Aytken, ndinali wamkulu mwa ana asanu ndi anayi (onani chithunzi mayi Thomas a). Bambo anga anali womanga nyumba, ndiye mlimi yaing'ono. Iye ndinali kulemekezedwa chifukwa cha kulimba ndi ufulu. Stern maonekedwe, anali ndi mtima wabwino. chibale Carlyle anali champhamvu, ndipo Thomas a bambo wake ndi ulemu waukulu, monga momwe Maulendo Ake. Iye nthawizonse ndi vuto chenicheni mayi ake, anali m'bale wodabwitsa.

learning

Makolo analibe chuma kwambiri, Isanu ndi zaka Carlyle anali azikaphunzira pa sukulu yathu. Pamene iye anali usinkhu wa zaka khumi ndi kunditumiza ku sekondale sukulu Annan. Ambiri Amakonda wake kwa ndewu kwabweretsa mavuto ndi ophunzira a sukulu, koma posakhalitsa anasonyeza chidwi amphamvu kuphunzira, chimatipangitsa atate wake kumuphunzitsa kulambira. Mu 1809 analowa University of Edinburgh. Iye kwenikweni maphunziro ake, kuwonjezera pa maphunziro mu masamu, Sir Dzhona Lesli, amene anadzakhala mnzake.

Iye kuwerenga kwambiri. Komabe, kwambiri zochita pa iye anali osati chakale mabuku komanso aluso a m'nthawi yake. A angapo anyamata amene ali naye mu malo omwewo, anamuona monga mtsogoleri laluntha, ndipo makalata amasonyeza ambiri zolembalemba zokonda. Mu 1814, Carlyle akadali kukonzekera kuti akhale wansembe adalandira Master wa digirii Masamu ku Sukulu ya Annan, izo zinamupatsa kupulumutsa ndalama zochepa. Mu 1816 anaikidwa kukhala ndi lecturer mu sukulu Kirkland.

vuto lauzimu

Mu 1818, Carlyle waganiza kusiya ntchito wauzimu. Iye sanafotokoze mwatsatanetsatane zimene zinachitika kuti aliyense pali kusinthika, koma zinali zoonekeratu chilakolako chake kusiya maganizo motsimikiza za akuthandizeni zauzimu, nthawi zonse wolemekezeka. Ena nthawi kulibe Mulungu zinkaoneka kuti njira yokha, koma iye anali kwambiri chifukwa chonyansidwa naye. Zonsezi zapangitsa Carlyle ndi vuto lauzimu lomwe iye anakwanitsa kuthetsa okha atalemba «SartorResartus. Moyo ndi maganizo a Mr. Teyfelsdreka "mu June 1821. Iye athamangisa mzimu wa negation, ndi kuyambira chikhalidwe cha matenda akewo utasinthiratu. Izi sizinali "adzangokumvera" ndi "mkwiyo ndi mwano zakuda." Mu 1819, iye anayamba kuphunzira German, ndipo atatero atsopano ndi chidwi. Iye ali ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi mabuku German. Koposa zonse wasangalala ntchito za Goethe. Mu iwo, anaona mwayi kukana kwachikale mbalume, popanda akumira mu chuma. Iwo anakumana ndi makalata kwa nthawi yaitali. Goethe ananena zabwino zokhudza ntchito yomasulira buku lake.

moyo

Pambuyo chibwenzi yaitali, mu 1826 Tomás Karleyl anakwatira Jane Baillie Wales. Iye anali banja zambiri olemera, ndipo adamtenga zaka zingapo kuti ndipeze ndalama zokwanira kupeza chilolezo ku ukwatiwo. Iwo akhalira limodzi kwa zaka makumi anai, mpaka imfa ya Jane. Zaka zoyambirira pambuyo ukwati wawo, iwo ankakhala m'mudzi, koma mu 1834 anasamukira ku London. Lady Welch anali wopanda mwana, lomwe m'kupita kwa mikangano ndi nsanje. Kodi pangano kuti makalata. moyo wawo unali wovuta chifukwa cha mavuto maganizo Carlyle. Ndi mtima ndi psyche zosalimba, nthawi zambiri anadwala zowawa za maganizo tulo akumusautsabe, ndi kuimba nyimbo mokweza mbalame m'munda wa mnansi wake, kum'chotsa openga. Ukali mwadzidzidzi anagwetsa bursts nthabwala pachabe. Iwo adzapulumutsa anthu okhawo kuyenda pansi pa madzi chamutu ntchito. Nthawi yokhala patokha ndi mtendere atha, ndi wapadera soundproof chipinda anali okonzeka kunyumba kwawo. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, mkazi wake nthawi zonse anali kulimbana ndi ntchito zonse zapakhomo yekha zambiri sakumuganizira.

Zomwe analemba

Cha m'ma 1830s, Carlyle lofalitsidwa «SartorResartus. Moyo ndi maganizo a Mr. Teyfelsdreka "mu magazini Fraser. Ngakhale akuya ganizo nzeru zaumunthu, chidwi zotuluka pa mfundo zake, buku sanali bwino zokwanira. Mu 1837 inasindikizidwa ntchito yake "Pa French kuukira boma", zimene zinabweretsa iye bwino kwenikweni. Kuyambira mu 1837 mpaka 1840 Ankakamba nkhani zingapo, Mmodzi yekha ( "Chipembedzo Hero") linatulutsidwa. Onse a iwo anamubweretsa iye kupambana ndalama, ndi pa zaka forte faifi, anatha kukhala wodzidalira pachuma. Iye anali ophunzira ambiri ndi otsatira. Kuyambira 1865 anakhala rector ya University of Edinburgh.

Pankhani kapangidwe ka anthu

maganizo chosintha ndi wodzala kuwawa nyengo Byron Tomás Karleyl, amene yonena kwake nkhani anasiyanitsa Uthenga Wabwino. Iye analankhula mu mtima kusintha zinthu zina. Nkhondo yolimbana ndi maganizo makina a dziko, ambiri a ulemu ndi utilitarianism kulimbikitsa moyo wa tanthauzo, chitukuko cha Kumwambamwamba, makhalidwe a anthu wapamwamba-payekha. Kuchepetsa ndi mphamvu chibadidwe demokalase Tomás Karleyl anatsutsa Kulambira otchuka. Iye anakhulupirira kuti anthu ndi boma angalamulire okhawo amene ali ndi mtima wofuna kugonjetsa mphamvu. Kupambana kungachititse kuti mphamvu zinachititsa mkangano wa chabe, zochokera kufunafuna zonse zolinga apamwamba munthu, ndi mu kufooka ndi kuipa kwa sayansi chake, chimene chiri osakaniza Scottish Puritanism, ndi German chabe.

Ndale, iye zatenganso mbali monga theorist wa utsamunda, kumbuyo lingaliro la ntchito m'mbiri ya anthu English yolandira dziko lonse. A utolankhani tisaiwale, poyamba pa zonse, ndi akatswiri mawunikidwe mbiri "Zimphona, kulemekeza otchuka ndi mumapezekanso anthu oyera mtima mu History", "Pa French kuukira boma», «SartorResartus. Moyo ndi maganizo a Mr. Teyfelsdreka "ndi ena.

kaonedwe nthanthi pa moyo

Mothandizidwa romanticism German, chithumwa, anasiya Calvin. amakopeka wake ndi maganizo chikondi zinaonetsera ntchito yomasulira buku la Goethe "Zaka Science Vilgelma Meystera" ndi ntchito "The Life of Schiller." Iye adayandikira ku Romanticism koposa zonse, zakuya chitukuko cha anthu azikhala (Byronism).

Pakatikati pa ntchito Carlyle - ndi ngwazi, ndi umunthu kwambiri, opambana lokha ndi mphamvu ya umoyo, koposa zonse, makhalidwe abwino. Pogogomeza ubwino wa makhalidwe abwino ya ngwazi ya aluntha chimasonyeza wa Puritanism. Mosiyana ndi izi, Carlyle komanso mwachimbulimbuli anatenga Anthropology Nietzsche.

Mapeto a moyo

Tomás Karleyl, chithunzi cha zimene zili m'nkhani, anamwalira February 5, 1881 ku London. Pambuyo nduna mwambo tsalani bwino, mtembo wake anatitumiza ku Scotland, kumene anaikidwa mu manda ndi makolo awo.

Tomás Karleyl: aphorisms ndi zolemba

Yotchuka kwambiri aphorisms wake zotsatirazi:

1. Aliyense ntchito kwambiri pa koyamba zikuoneka kuti n'zosatheka.
2. Chikondi - si chinthu chomwecho monga misala, koma ali ndi zambiri zofanana.
3. Popanda zoipazi sadzakhala diamondi.
4. Munthu amene akufuna ntchito, koma simungathe kupeza ntchito - mwina zinthu zomvetsa chisoni kwa ife ndi tsoka.
5. Kutchinjiriza - chifukwa cha chisoni anthu.
6. chuma anga - osati kuti ndili ndi zimene ine ndikuchita.
7. Uliwonse chodabwitsa chiyambi nthawizonse zoopsa kwambiri wosaiwalika.
8. Umbombo - gwero ndi chifukwa cha zolakwa ndi mavuto.
9. Palibe munthu wamkulu amakhala pachabe. Mbiri ya dziko - ziri chabe yonena za anthu aakulu.
10. Kupirira - ndi chipiriro kulimbikira.

Tomás Karleyl, amene makoti ali wodzala ndi nzeru kuya, anasiya kufufuza yowala m'mbiri nzeru zaumunthu lingaliro.