Mfumu Vasipashani: yonena ndi ulamuliro

The aphungu yoyamba Rome ndipo osati mwana wa aphungu, ndipo mdzukulu wake - Tito Flavius Vasipashani, mfumu ya banja msonkho mlimi, anayamba ulamuliro wake pafupifupi zaka zikwi ziwiri zapitazo ndi woyamba wa July ndi chaka sikisite naini. Iye ndiye anayambitsa misonkho ndi mkulu pa kuyendera zimbudzi pagulu, ndiyeno fastidiously mphuno morschaschim patricians chikalata mawu dozhivshuyu masiku ano: "Non olet . (! Money Kodi osanunkhiza)" Iye anatchuka kwambiri Vasipashani, mfumu, ndithudi, si chifukwa chokha. Zinali iye amene anamanga Colosseum ndi zina zambiri nyumba zotchuka mofanana. Koma kumbukirani pazifukwa zina chinthu choyamba za msonkho uyu Kalanga. Iye yekha adalowa, ndi njira. Kuwonjezera zimbudzi, ndipo anali phunziro usilikali, ndipo chilungamo. Vasipashani - mfumu ndi wakhama kwambiri, pafupifupi dongosolo lonse wadabva ndalama, anadza Rome mu dongosolo.

njira

Malo Roma Vasipashani mu November, chaka chinayi wa Ambuye wathu m'tauni ya Reate, komwe ankakhala Sabina, ndi banja lake lonse linali kumeneko. The Senate iye anatha kulowa mu ulamuliro wa Tiberius, monga ambiri wabwino: yabwino kwambiri, athana South Britain, kuwalamulira ndi Legiyo wa Rhine. Mu '51 izo zinapangidwa sitepe yotsatira mphamvu: Vasipashani, mfumu kale posachedwapa, kukhala kazembe. patapita zaka zingapo, iye katswiri pamene Nero anamulamula kuti akathetse kugalukirako. Patapita zaka ziwiri, magulu onse m'zigawo kum'mawa anati: "Tito Flavius Vasipashani - mfumu!". Kupatula kum'mawa ndi Vasipashani anali magulu a Danube kuposa anathandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi khama ena - Vitellius. The Senate sakanachitira mwina ena, ndi '69 anavomereza Vasipashani.

Ufumu wake wotani anapita mwana wake msonkho mlimi? Yaitali nkhondo, kuphatikizapo wamba anawononga chirichonse chimene ife tingakhoze, pa gawo lonse la dziko yodalitsika iyi. Ife tinali kufunafuna ndalama pa apeze chinthucho. Choncho panali zosiyanasiyana msonkho watsopano, ndi mwa iwo - amene nthawi yomweyo anakhala nkhani ya m'mudzi. Tito Flavius Vasipashani - Mfumu, nthawi zonse anayenda mogwirizana ndi nthawi, ndipo nthawi zambiri kutsogolo kwa angapo masitepe. Ndinasintha zikuchokera wanyumbayi. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mu malo ake anali oimira apamwamba boma, osati Rome, komanso a zigawo kumadzulo, Italy (sinali ngati dziko limodzi - kwa anthu amene zachirendo Chotsatira ichi). Cities Spain Mfumu ya Roma Vasipashani anapereka chimodzimodzi ufulu, amene anali Latins onse. Ndipo chotero, si monga kusokoneza ntchito, 74, wa dziko wonyansa tsache anakankhidwira kunja otsutsa onse mu umunthu wa Asitoiki, ndi ndakatulo zina.

Machitidwe

Kudzilamulira yekha ufumu waukulu ndi Mokhumbira chogwirika mu izi sizingatheke, ndipo mfumu Flavius Vasipashani chidwi ndi kasamalidwe ochenjera ndi mwayi mwana wake Tito. Iwo anakwanitsa Tito mu 70 kupambana kutsiriza nkhondo ya Ayuda, ndipo anaikidwa pansi kupanduka Batavian Yuliya Tsivilisa. Pakuti choncho mfumu lake Flavius Vasipashani a nsanje. Takambiranazi chuma, magawo atsopano increment. Ndi '74 mfundo wake wonse anauzidwa pa wogonjetsa minda Dekumatskih (nzeru ochiritsira, pamene molakwa anawamasulira Tacitus dziko phunziro kupereka chakhumi, koma palibe, zangokhala yothetsa dera), ndiko yaikulu m'dziko Mzere atagona pa malo a Germany ano, kuti izo kale kulamulidwa ndi Aroma.

Kumeneko anapereka boma ufulu ogona kwa anamenyela asilikali achiroma, komanso ochokera Gau, amene wolemekezeka okha nkhondo. Mpaka tsopano kunachokera malire a malo awa chinali ndi makoma ambiri yaitali ndi moats, amene analekanitsidwa ndi umwini wa sizikuwoneka kwambiri anasangalala m'dera ufulu wa Germany. Atatu zaka mazana-wosamvetseka Aroma, minda izi otaika. Komanso anawonjezera ulamuliro wa Aroma ndi kumpoto kwa UK, amenenso amasonyeza bwanji cholinga umunthu anali Vasipashani, mfumu. Ulamuliro wake pafupifupi chaka chilichonse otchulidwa yaikulu ndipo lipindulitsa pa zochita dziko. Ndipo zimene misewu anamanga mu Ufumu wa Roma Vasipashani! Kaperekedwe "mpaka muyaya" apa si woyenera. Misewu ukugwirira ntchito mpaka! Akulamulira ali wodzisunga kwambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo mwamphamvu kwambiri. Flavian mafumu anayamba bwino: tate wake anali wolamulira wotchuka kwambiri wa ukulu oyambirira, kupatulapo August.

Vasipashani, mfumu

Mwachidule yonena za unhelpful wake chifukwa zilibe malo ogona ndi masauzande a zaluso wamkulu ndi madalitso amene anabweretsa Ufumu Vasipashani. Mphamvu yaikulu kwambiri namatetule ake amatiuza chithunzi sculptural kusungidwa mu Pergamon Museum. Kumayambiriro kwa nkhani ino ali fanizo - chipilala mu chithunzi. Mfumu Vasipashani kuonekera ngakhale kumeneko mu kukongola kwake. A yonena za Vasipashani excellently analemba Suetonius. Tax alimi (okhometsa msonkho) mu Senate ndi pa mpando wachifumu - imeneyi imapangitsa moyo wa Vasipashani chidwi mbiri. Senators analinso ndi amalume mfumu ya tsogolo la mayi ndi m'bale wa Vasipashani Sabin. Kale pa zaka makumi Vasipashani anakwanitsa kukhala praetor, kenako iye mwamsanga ankalimbikitsa kuntchito: mtumiki Klavdiy Nartsiss anayamikira ntchito yake lili ndi akatswiri.

Commander wa Khamu la Britain analandira kanali cha kupambana ndi awiri monga ansembe ulemu. Mu '51 Vasipashani anapereka kazembe, ndi nambala 63 iye - bwanamkubwa wa Africa. Koposa zonse, Aroma chidwi ndi mtima kwake: panalibe vuto kuti Vasipashani panokha Polemeretsedwa, ntchito udindo wake boma. Koma izo zikhoza kuchitika! Mwina zinali ndalama zosaneneka. Komabe, angapo nthawi m'bale adampulumutsa bankirapuse, atagona m'dziko lake ndi nyumba. Vasipashani anali mu anamuperekeza ya Mfumu Nero, pamene pa ulendo ku Akaya mwangozi dozed nthawi ya nyimbo lachifumu. Monga amadziwika, ngati chokhumudwitsa akadataya ndi moyo. Koma patapita chaka, Nero podostyl ndipo komabe Vasipashani kukhala kazembe wa Yudeya.

zokhota

Ku Yudeya kunali nkhondo, monga iwo ukutchedwa Ayuda okha - Roma koyamba. Vasipashani anatsogolera asilikali ake yoopsa kupondereza kugalukira, ndipo pasanathe chaka chotsatira kumvera Rome kunabwezeretsedwa pafupifupi onse zigawo. Iye anakhala osati m'manja Yerusalemu ndi mipanda ochepa. Ndiyeno Yuda anabwera uthenga wa kudzipha Nero. Anzeru Vasipashani anasiya asilikali ake Yerusalemu pamene analandira uthenga woti wachifumu wa Rome anapatsidwa Galba. Pa maudani, iye analankhulana ndi kazembe wa Suriya, Gayo Lucina Mutsianom ndi kulankhulana kawirikawiri chinachitika wochezeka. Mutsian kwambiri anakhumudwa ndi Nero chifukwa chakuti "upstart" Vasipashani analandira udindo wapamwamba monga kazembe wa Yudeya. Komabe, Vasipashani anali munthu wachikoka kwambiri, ndipo pambuyo pa imfa ya Nero, resentments izi Mutsian aiwala atangomva ichitikire nkhaniyi ndale.

Ndipo pamene 69, anayamba regicide Roma (woyamba Galba, Otho, ndiye anamwalira ndipo akusangalala chigonjetso Vitellius), theka anaphika bwenzi anayamba kuchita zinthu: Anapempha thandizo a kazembe wina - ku Egypt. Tiberiy Yuly Alexander sanathe kugona amati wachifumu chifukwa iye sanali aphungu, Myuda chigawenga, ndi Mutsian sakanakhoza kukhala mfumu chifukwa palibe ana anayamba maziko a mafumu a. Vasipashani anali wanzeru-mfumu. pamoyo wake anakonza Tito ndipo Domitian kale anabadwa ndi anakulira. Iye anali aphungu ndi kazembe. Ndi akazembe onse atatu anavomera kuti Vasipashani - izo umachitika kantidat wachifumu Roma. Choyamba analumbirira mabungwe Aigupto, ndiye magulu awiri ankhondo a Siriya ndi Yudeya.

Oukira

Anachita pa dongosolo mosamala mofatsa: Mutsian akupita ku nkhondo Italy, ndi Vasipashani chimatsalira standby, asaaonerera mwa kundipatsako kwa tirigu ku Iguputo. Komabe, zolinga zonse pa awo kukhazikitsa imvera kusintha. Pakuti Vasipashani mwadzidzidzi anapanga Agal Mark Antoniy Prim, lotsogoledwa Danuviyskie asilikali. Mwamsanga Mutsiana anadza kwa Italy, popanda kuyembekezera amayambira zolinga wonse, ndipo popanda mankhwala aliwonse asilikali a Vitellius, ndipo anabwerera ku Rome. Pali kukana anali aakulu kwambiri. Ambiri m'banja Vasipashani pa nthawi iyi anali ku Roma. Urban mkulu Sabin, anayesetsa Vitellius capitulate. Pachabe iye anachita izo.

Tsogolo mfumu Vasipashani, amene ulamuliro komabe itayamba, pamene kulimbana kwa mphamvu anali atataya kale m'bale. Iye anaphedwa mwachindunji Capitol Hill. Koma posachedwapa Vitellius anapha - ndi nkhanza, tiyenera kuvomereza. Tsiku lotsatira, kulowa wapadera ku Rome Army Marcus Antoniya prima, kenako Senate sakanachitira kulengeza kuti Vasipashani - mfumu. Iye mutsian ndifulumire iye akanakhoza, koma ku Roma kokha kumapeto kupondereza. Iye anawadzudzula wosaloleka prima, wotchedwa zachiwawa ndi kwambiri kunyozedwa chifukwa samovolnichanie. Kamene kukhumudwa anadandaula Vasipashani. Iye analandira ngwazi ndi mitundu yonse ya maulemu, koma anatumiza ndiye kuti Tolosa lakwawo - ukapolo.

Chiyambi cha ulamuliro wa

Komabe Mutsianu mtima sanali kwambiri achilendo. Lang'anani, nthawi yomweyo anachitira ndi chitsutso angathe. Koma nthawi yomweyo ankasamalira mu njira iliyonse mozizwitsa anathawa imfa ya Domitian - mwana wamng'ono wa Vasipashani. Pakali pano, mwana wake wamkulu Tito anatenga asilikali ake Yerusalemu ndipo zinatheka. Ivdaea Capta - Mu ulemu ndalama wotchuka unayambitsidwa. Mutsiana anabwerera zazikulu Mfumu Vasipashani kupereka zizindikiro, koma osati pang'ono mphamvu yeniyeni siyikuperekedwa, ngakhale otsala mpaka imfa yake zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi Mutsian anali mlangizi wamkulu kwa Mfumu.

Pali sikunathe moyo: zonse zikuthera nkhondo yapachiweniweni, ndi Forum latsopano anakwera zimapikukira m'mwamba zazikulu Temple wa Mtendere (n'chinthu chofunikira Pliny kuti zodabwitsa za dziko). Mfumu ofunika maganizo a anthu ndi anatha kutumiza mwayi awo. Mwina chifukwa iye anali mmodzi wa anthu. Komabe asilikali akadali ntchito monga mbali yaikulu ya kapangidwe ndi: kupanduka kwa Ayuda, kumpoto kwa Gauls opanduka ndi Germany anatsimikizira. Mfumu Vasipashani, wotchuka kukantha osakaniza makhalidwe a khalidwe lake. Mwachitsanzo, pali coexisted mwangwiro kwapadera nkhanza ndiponso luso. Chinthu chachikulu ndi izo sizinali wolowerera.

dziko

mwanzeru Financial nthawi imathandiza Vasipashani. Iye anapita ku Roma anawononga ndi nkhondo ndi zachiwawa. Nkhokwe amafunika ndalama, ndipo iwo ankayenera kuti apange zinthu zodabwitsa kwambiri, njira ngakhale uncharted. Roma Vasipashani, powapatsa msonkho sanali kupita mosayenera amapondereza anthu awo M'malo mwake, iye ankaona kuti chigawo si uwonongedwe. Komabe, misonkho latsopano awonjezera kwambiri, ndi kuyesa kuzemba iwo kuletsedwa ndi rigor kwambiri. zonsezi onse akhala zisanachitikepo Rome, mfumu poyera adaseleula motere naye. Komabe, iye ankadziwa kuti iye anali kuchita, ndipo anapitiriza kuti bwino mwamsanga ndipo wathunthu. Pamene Kachisi anali wokonzeka the World, Vasipashani anayamba kumanga Colosseum, komanso zinkafuna kwambiri anapita ku kutsegula kwa Latin ndi malaibulale Greek.

Ndipo Vasipashani mphamvu asilikali anali lingamutsatire: kuposa nthawi makumi awiri ndi legionaries namulonjera wopambana. The mfundo yachilendo ya Mfumu Vasipashani chinali chifukwa chakuti anatenga kuchokera ufulu wa dziko ufulu ndi midzi. Choncho, Roma wa Byzantium, Samo, Rhodes, anagwirizana Vasipashani ndi ambiri Asian anagwirizana limati - Emesa, Kommagene, Little Armenia, Kilikiya. Anapitiriza nkhondo ndi kumalire a mitundu (a Caucasus - Armenia, pafupi - Aparti), anali mafuko yolusa Mesopotamia ndi chipululu cha Suriya. The ntchito yaikulu ya ulamuliro wake, iye ankaona kulimbitsa boma kutsitsimutsa kufufuza, umayang'anira Senate. Zotsatira zake zinali boma kuli maganizo awo pa likulu, pa kukhalamo mukudziwa, koma panali wamkulu wodzilamulira mu dziko, ndipo kufunika Italy wakula kwambiri kwambiri. Chiwerengero cha zigawo.

m'chigawo

Mu Italy utsogoleli maboma onse monga kulamulira, koma m'zigawo mmodzi ndi mmodzi kuti mphotho yawo "Latin bwino" ndi chikoka msanga apindulira pa zomangamanga wa ufumu. Vasipashani ankadziwa mavuto awo komanso kuwathandiza m'njira iliyonse yomwe angathe kuthetsa. M'lifupi mwa maganizo ake anali mu Imperial yaikulu. zikomo mbiri wachiroma kukonza imene mfumu Vasipashani, kukhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zosiyanasiyana. M'zaka khumi cha ulamuliro wake, iye anasiya kukhala ndi mbiri ya nyumba yachifumu, iwo anali kale losindikizidwa kutukuka alimi a mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Vasipashani ntchito tsiku lililonse ndi madzulo ambiri kulola nokha kuyenda. Iye anaonanso ndi kupuma, namgwira iye ndi mbuye wake - zonse ndi nthawi. M'bandakucha, atadzuka ndi kunyezimira woyamba wa dzuwa anatengedwa kuwerenga makalata. Ndiyeno amakadula ku moyo anthu ikutha. Ngakhale atavala, analandira alendo, anakambirana ndi abwenzi. Ndithu mbali yofunika kwambiri tsiku anali wodzipereka kwa refereeing. kupezeka wake unali pa mlingo wapamwamba, chifukwa cha izi, ngakhale miyeso chitetezo kutsatira ofooka kwambiri. Komabe, kuukira pa moyo wa mfumu anakwanitsa kuthawa. Vasipashani yekha anagwira malungo ndipo anamwalira mu 79 AD, kosalekeza nthabwala ngakhale pa izo.

nthabwala padera

Suetonius limafotokoza Vasipashani ngati munthu wamphamvu kwambiri ndi wathanzi kwambiri. Iye ankachita nawo ntchito za umoyo mwadongosolo. A nthabwala analibe patrician ndi plebeian, ambili anali wamwano monga ndi ndalama anapereka sniff mwana wake wamkulu, onyoza iye oyamba a msonkho watsopano. "Ndalama The Kodi osanunkhiza? Chachirendo. Ndipo makamaka fungo la mkodzo." Ndipo mapeto: "Ndalama Kodi osanunkhiza!". anthu, monga taonera, mophiphiritsa nthabwala kwambiri, ndi nthabwala pamodzi ndi enanso ambiri otchuka monga nthawizonse - mpaka mapeto a nthawi.

Ndipo ngati inu kwambiri yosanthula ntchito za mafumu a Aroma, nthawi yomweyo zimaonekeratu kuti ndi kubera Vasipashani anaonanso golide zaka ufumu. Kumbuyo kwake pa mpando wachifumu anakwera wina pambuyo pa mafumu ena anzeru ndiponso anthu abwino. Iwo amadziŵika chimodzimodzi monga kuloŵedwa m'malo, khalidwe olimba, chosavuta (zambiri nkhondo) makhalidwe, momveka zothandiza maganizo. Chofunika, tinayamba adzafota makhalidwe awo ndi follies, amene dziko lonse ndi kwa mibadwo yonse, ndi manyazi okha ndi akalambula ake. Iwo Vasipashani kwambiri inapita patsogolo Kuthi chidatha yolandira zonse ndipo aliyense ku Roma whistleblowing, anathetsa nkhani achipongwe Kaisara. malamulo Civil iye wodzilemekeza ndi bwino.

anapezazo

Ngakhale m'nthawi ndi kusekedwa kukonda kwambiri chuma Vasipashani, koma anapereka chilungamo choyenera ngakhale ndiye, chifukwa chimaposa zonse za ndalama za msonkho anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa zinthu zothandiza. mikono Roma anapambana, ndipo iwo anali ndi wanzeru. Ndithu nyumba zazikulu anamangidwira polemba kukula kwake ndi kunyezimira, zosasinthika kukongola. Kunali nkhondo panjira, amene kukumba anakumba miyala ndi mapiri, milatho kwambiri kufika pa mitsinje kwambiri zamangidwa kwambiri motsogozedwa ndi Vasipashani.

Zikwi matabwa ndi mkuwa senatusconsultum Capitol amasungunuka mu moto. Vasipashani anamanganso Capitol, kuposa kale, ndipo gulu kubwezeretsedwa, mndandanda wa malamulo ngakhale anthu paokha kufufuza. m'misewu munali alimbane ndi kumene moto pansi Nero n'kuwononga mbali yaikulu ya Rome. Ngakhale m'khonde la zipilala, amene anayamba kumanga ngakhale Claudius, anabweretsa wokonzeka Vasipashani - mfumu ya Roma. Pamene wakhala chinawonjezeka ndi bwino ngalande Roma. nyumba Public, anapanga Forum wa Vasipashani, anali chokongoletsedwa ndi ntchito chigulu cha chosema Greek ndi kupenta. Library Public linatsegulidwa. Koma apamwamba kwambiri a Mapu kunachotsedwa kamodzi kwa nthawi zonse.