Knight a Cross wa Iron Cross: kufotokoza, digiri. Mphotho ya ulamuliro wa Hitler

September 1939 1 tsiku la kuukira German pa Poland, Chancellor ndi Mtsogoleri wa Germany, Adolf Hitler inaika lamulo nakhalanso ndi Iron Cross - mphoto analenga ngakhale Mfumu Frederick William. kuti uyu anali takeover yokha ya ulamuliro wa Hitler mu Prussia ndi ufumu m'mbuyomu. Lamuloli anayambitsa chitsulo osati kokha, koma Knight a Cross - mlingo wokweretsa wa munthu m'mbuyomu. Izi mphoto - ndi chizindikiro chofunika kwambiri chi Nazi.

kupitiriza

digiri Knight sunali zachilendo mu Germany, izo zinkayenera ambiri Prussian, Bavarian ndi Baden Order. The mphoto apamwamba Chachitatu Ulamuliro wa Nazi kunja kuyang'ana ngati ochiritsira Iron mitanda (kupatula ziri zazikulu). Pa miyeso chomwecho kwa dongosolo siyana malingana ndi Mlengi. Knight a Cross amapangidwa Juncker, Shneynhauera, Kvenzera ndi Klein. Ena a iwo kuti kukula 48-48 mamilimita ndi ena -. 49-50 mm.

Knight a Cross wa Iron Cross anapangidwa mofanana ndi mitanda zochepa yapamwamba madigiri, koma pa nthawi yomweyo khalidwe kuphunzira bwino chinasiyana ndi mbali zosiyana (makamaka mbali pamalo). Mphoto (kapena m'malo mtengo wake chapamwamba) ndi soldered singano yaing'ono. Iwo yamazinga mphete cholinga kwa 45 mamilimita tepi lonse. Order anali chimango khalidwe, womwe wapangidwa a siliva 800 TH nyemba.

timasangalala

Modabwitsa, kuti zambiri amachita kwenikweni mphoto atavala Knight a Cross, koma buku, pamene oyambirira anali pa malo abwino. Ichi chidachitika kuti si kutaya kapena kuwononga chidina. Nthawi zambiri ankavala makope mu vuto nkhondo.

MANJA Knight a Cross wa Iron Cross mu bokosi anayi. Mkati umandandidwa ndi silika woyera, ndi kunja ali ndi wakuda lederinom. Pankhani ya umafunika padera osati mtanda, komanso lamba kuvomerezedwa. Losaiwalika Kuwonjezera anapangidwa mu dipuloma yosindikiza, amene anaikidwa mu foda embossed. Childs, Knight a Cross anaperekedwa kwa mwiniwake wa mkulu wa kugwirizana. mwambo unachitikira mu chikondwerero m'mlengalenga. The mphoto amakhoza kupita kutsogolo kwa nthawi yaitali, panjira kudutsa manja angapo nthawi imodzi. Kuchedwa mu yobereka makamaka pafupipafupi zinachitika chiyambi cha nkhondo. Koposa zonse mphotho yake kuwalakwira kudikira ndege.

"Malamulo"

Monga malamulo onse ankhondo a ulamuliro wa Hitler, ndi Mtanda kupereka kwa ena zomwe takwaniritsa nkhondo. Mwachitsanzo, woyendetsa za Luftwaffe anakhoza kupeza mphoto apamwamba okha yagoletsa mfundo 20 (iwo amaitcha kuti kuwombera pansi ndege mdani). M'kupita kwa nthawi, Mzere wakula. Komanso kudalira zisudzo za nkhondo; pakuti Knight a Cross pa kutsogolo Soviet anali adzawonongedwe magalimoto kawiri kuposa mu mlengalenga anamenyapo ena Europe kapena Africa North.

The Navy anafunika kumira zombo, chiwerengero kusamutsidwa umene unali wofanana matani 100 zikwi. Pankhaniyi, pafupifupi nthawi zonse amaitcha kuti atsogoleri a sitima zankhondo. Pakuti Army 3 Ulamuliro wa Nazi chiphunzitso anayamba amaona ( "Pakuti mtima pa nkhondo").

ziwerengero

Kwa zaka zingapo Knight a Cross anali kupereka anthu 7361 (malinga ndi zina 7365). Mwa njonda sanali mkazi wosakwatiwa, koma panali angapo alendo amene anamenyera m'dzikomo, angakuthandizeni la Germany. ziwerengero chidwi pa maudindo mphoto. Ambiri analandira Knight a Cross Captain / Captain-msilikali (1523) ndi msilikali (1225).

Choyamba kupereka dongosolo yapamwamba chinachitika kumapeto kwa mwezi woyamba wa nkhondo anabweretsa ndi 3 Ulamuliro wa Nazi. September 30 Knight wake Cross analandira anthu 13 amene anatenga mbali mu kampeni Polish inatha bwinobwino. Pakati pa chithunzi olemekezeka Cavaliers anatembenuka Grossadmiral Erich Raeder, mkulu wa German apanyanja. Anthu onsewa anali atsogoleri, ankatha kusiyana mu bukhuli. Ku mawu a "Pakuti kulimbamtima" anali woyamba kuwoloka ankasirira Günther Prien (analamula sitima zapamadzi U-bwato 47). Mu 1939 panali 27 okha Knight Knight a Cross, ndi mitanda kwambiri zinakambidwa mu 1944 (2466).

digiri yachiwiri

Okwana wa Knight a Cross anali madigiri asanu, woyamba umene unali Knight a Cross yokha. Patapita miyezi ingapo kuchokera pa chiyambi cha nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse mu June 1940, utsogoleri German anaganiza kukhazikitsa kwambiri otchuka mphoto, anafuna kuti asilikali anali makamaka amunamuna. Choncho panali Cross wa Iron Cross ndi Oak Masamba ndi Knight a. mphoto kutenga yekha njonda iliyonse mlingo woyamba.

masamba Oak (chizindikiro cha kusiyana) opezeka pamwamba chabe mtanda, uko kumene kunali kuzungulira ya tepi. Zokongoletsa anali chizindikiro chopangidwa ndi siliva. Anaganiza atatu thundu tsamba - wamba kuyambira akale heraldic chithunzi. Nthawi zina, malaya Loona za manja amasonyeza pamodzi ndi zipatso zokwana, koma mu nkhani ya Cross Knight ya zipatso linasiyidwa.

Knights

Woyamba Knight a Cross ndi Oak Masamba anali kupereka Eduarda Ditlya - mkulu ambiri analamula Mountain Corps "Norway. Mmodzi wa mamembala lotsiriza la Order imatengedwa kuti ndi panyanja kapitawo Adalbert Von Blanc. Koposa zonse iye anali wotchuka pa chomaliza nkhondo. Mu 1944, Malo ankapita 9 Security Division, anatenga gawo mu gulu la Germany kuchokera Courland. Komanso anathandiza kuthawa kugwirizana Wehrmacht pansi. Mu May 1945, mawonekedwe anali awamanga Asilikali British. Officer anali mwayi - anatha kupitiriza ntchito lake lankhondo Germany. Iye anatumikira mpaka 1964, pamene analandira udindo wa asilikali ndipo adapuma.

digiri lachitatu

Mu kugwa kwa 1941 Knight a Cross mphoto anapeza kamodzi ndipo ali kale ndi digiri lachitatu - ndi Knight a Cross ndi Oak Masamba ndi malupanga. The lamulo pochimanga anali yolembedwa ndi Mfumu, mkulu wa Supreme Lamulo la Wehrmacht Vilgelmom Keytelem ndi Ulamuliro wa Nazi Minister za Mkati Wilhelm Frick.

A chizindikiro latsopano ndi zimene mphoto wakale masamba thundu, kumene Chinawonjezeka awiri malupanga anawoloka. Order anapangidwa zodzikongoletsera apamwamba siliva. Pa mbali kumbuyo choikidwacho chodetsa Mlengi. Pakuti mtanda linali lofika moire riboni wa maluwa ofiira ndi oyera. Pa nthawi ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, eni ake a Knight a Cross ndi Oak Masamba ndi malupanga anakhala anthu 160, 55 amene anatumikira mu Luftwaffe. Mlendo mmodzi yekha walandira mphoto imeneyi. Iwo anali Japanese asilikali ndi Bulu Commander Yamamoto Isiroku.

Mphotho aces

Commander Mapiko Adolf Galland anakhala chofukizira loyamba la Knight a Cross ndi Oak Masamba ndi malupanga. Analamula 51th squadron zigwa-owononga. Poyamba, dongosolo latsopano kupereka oyendetsa yekha. Choncho cavalier lachitatu anakhala Walter Oesau. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti usilikali anayamba mu zida zankhondo Regiment. Monga ena ambiri oyendetsa German ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, Oesau woyamba anatchuka kwambiri ku Spain, kumene anali m'gulu mbali ya Legiyo wotchuka "Condor". Pa nthawi ya ntchito yatsopano, iye anali nawo nkhondo la France ndi "Nkhondo ya Britain". Oesau akhala patsogolo kum'mawa, koma anawononga ambiri ndege mu mlengalenga wa Netherlands. May 11, 1944, iye anawomberedwa pansi pafupi ndi tauni Belgium wa St. Vith. Chifukwa Oesau 118 mdani ndege ndi utumwi nkhondowo 430.

digiri chachinayi

Chachinayi Digiri Knights Cross anaonekera imodzi ndi wachitatu ndi wachisanu digiri (linali Knight a Cross ndi Oak Masamba, malupanga ndi diamondi). The mphoto si stamped ndipo anapanga dzanja yabwino ojambula zithunzi German. Silver 935-carat m'manja mwa jewelers ozindikira kuti pa mapeto a ntchito yawo anakongoletsa Order ya chochuluka 50 diamondi yaing'ono. kulemera okwana anali pafupifupi atatu carats, ndi kulemera kwa chizindikiro onse - 28 magalamu. Dzanja opangidwa kuchokera monga mtanda, ndi kopanira izo.

Pakuti avale tsiku ndi tsiku anapatsidwa mphoto monga mabuku awiri a zipangizo otsika kalasi. German Knight a Cross ndi Oak Masamba, malupanga ndi diamondi analandira okwana 27. (mwa iwo sanali alendo).

Werner Mölders

Cavalier debutant Knight a Cross wa digirii wachinayi anali Werner Mölders - womenya woyendetsa pamalo a msilikaliyo. Ace uyu anali mwana wa mphunzitsi, amene anafa pa Dziko Lonse Yoyamba mu France, kotero zochita pa moyo wake asilikali anali zosachita mapeto kuyambira ali mwana. Education Melders analandira pa Dresden Academy ndi Osangowafukula School Munich.

Mu 1934, ntchito anabala m'tsogolo kuti anapanga kukhota lakuthwa - iye anasamutsidwa ku Luftwaffe. Woyamba nkhondowo zinachitikira woyendetsa anali mu thambo Spain, kumene kunali nkhondo yapachiweniweni. Choncho, iye anayamba mudziko lachiwiri kale ndi chochitika chidwi. Chigonjetso woyamba sanali yaitali kubwera. Mu September 1939, Suli kutali Merzig Melders anapha womenya French "Hawk".

sortie wake wotsiriza Al anachita mu Crimea. Iye inagwera m'dera November 1941 popita ku Berlin, kumene iye anali maliro a wina woyendetsa wotchuka Ernst Udet Luftwaffe. ndege Melders anagwa pansi chifukwa chakuti ndi malo magetsi Kulumikizana. The Woyendetsa ndege mosadziwa sorties zoposa 300, anawombera pansi 115 mdani ndege.

digiri chachisanu

The mphoto apamwamba mu Wehrmacht anali Knight a Cross ndi golide thundu masamba, malupanga ndi diamondi. Wapadera mphoto imeneyi chinali chifukwa chakuti asanabwere izo ali munthu mmodzi yekha. Iwo anapeza Hans Rudel - Aviation, msilikali analandira mphoto pa tsiku loyamba la 1945. Pakutha nkhondo iye anali wapamwamba kugoletsa woyendetsa kuukira ndege. Chithunzi Rudel anasankhidwa monga tidzakulowereni ndi - ndi mphoto apamwamba sakanakhoza kufika kwa aliyense.

Hans anabadwa mu m'busa banja ndi unyamata limodzi ndi gulu Nazi. Polish kampeni ankachititsa, monga kazembe wa ndege reconnaissance. Kenako woyendetsa anapempha kusamutsa iye matenda a ndege zoopsa kwambiri. Akutsatiridwa ndi nthawi ya maphunziro. Mu April 1941, Rudel anatumizidwa ku squadron wa zoponya mabomba madzi, "Immelman". Woyendetsa anamenyana pa kutsogolo Soviet, anachititsa chipwirikiti pa Leningrad ndi Moscow malo. Total Rudel zoposa 2.5 zikwi sorties, kuwonongedwa 500 akasinja, 800 magalimoto oti muli nazo zida, Amira ambiri zombo ndi amphibious ankadikira "Marat". Nkhondo itatha, ndi kuima Nazi, anasamukira ku Latin America, kumene iye anakumbukira ngati yogwira kubwezera ofunafuna.