Zaka mazana nkhondo.

Zana nkhondo ya zaka, umene unatha kuchokera 1337 mpaka 1453, pakati France ndi England, kunali mwambo yaitali zankhondo ndiponso zandale mbiri ya mphamvu ziwiri. Ndipotu, icho sichinali nkhondo, koma yokopa angapo a asilikali, alternating chiyanjanitso. Kusiyana pakati England ndi France anabadwa kumbuyo mu 1066 pamene Norman Kugonjetsedwa, pamene mfumu ya England, pokhala pa yomweyo wolemekezeka m'banja lachifumu ku France, analanda madera akuluakulu a dziko m'dzikoli. Mafumu a France, powona mavuto, anayesa kuletsa yowonjezera katundu British. Kupitiriza nkhondo imeneyi yaitali motero ndipo anakhala zaka mazana nkhondo.

Anaima pa zaka mazana Nkhondo

Nkhondo zaka mazana 'akhoza kugawidwa mu magawo 4 chachikulu. Woyamba unakhala zaka 23 - kuchokera chilengezo cha nkhondo, mfumu ya England , Edward III kwa osayanjanitsika analengeza mu 1360 mu Bretigny. Panthawi imeneyi, France anali ambiri kulephera asilikali. M'masiku oyambirira a nkhondo, mu chaka cha 1337 chinali ndi isanayambike England mu lotchedwa Picardy. Ndiyeno panali mndandanda wa kupambana British - panyanja chigonjetso mu 1340 pamene Sleyle, mu 1346 pa Crecy, ndipo mu 1356 mwana wamkulu wa Edward III, Prince of Wales, dzina la "Black Prince" chifukwa cha mtundu wa zida zace, iye anatsogolera undende wa Mfumu John II. Pa gawo ili la nkhondo France anali Paris chiwembu, ndi mu 1360 mu Bretigny osayanjanitsika yosainidwa, malinga ndi zimene French anataya m'mayiko akum'mwera kwa Loire, womwe unali amene ali mmodzi mwa atatu dziko ndi nyanja za dziko doko la Calais.

Gawo lachiwiri kwa zaka 27 - ndi 1369 kuti 1396. Cha m'ma 70s kwa zaka za m'ma 14 French anamasula mbali yaikulu ya dziko lawo. France zapita chiwembu chifukwa kusakhutira otchuka ndi msonkho waukulu kwambiri. Dziko pa nthawi imene anali wosakhazikika kwambiri, zaka mazana nkhondo anali kukula ndi yapachiweniweni ndewu ang'onoang'ono maphwando mu dziko la Armagnac ndi Burgundians, wadutsa mu nkhondo yapachiweniweni. The osayanjanitsika komwe kwachitika mu 1396, anapereka breather kuti onsewo kwa zaka 18.

Mbali yachitatu inali ikuthamanga kwambiri, umayambira 1415 ndi 1420 zinali zodzaza ndi yapambana lalikulu latsopano British. Henry ndi V, Mfumu ya England, anagonjetsa madera ambiri a France, Normandy ndi asilikali a ku France mu 1415 pa Agincourt. France anali opanda ndarama ndi opanda ankhondo, ndi makangano pakati pa Armagnac ndi Burgundians unagawanika dziko. Independent mwayekha kum'mawa ndi kumpoto dziko la France Duke wa Burgundy analowa mu mgwirizano ndi anthu a ku Britain ndi ku 1420 dziko la Troyes yosainidwa pakati pawo amene Henry anali wachisanu French regent. Komanso, regent likukwatiwa ndi Catherine, mwana wamkazi wa Mfumu Charles VI ya, zopezeka chenicheni cha mgwirizano wa akorona. Mwana Charles VI akapanda ufulu patronal.

Mbali wachinayi unkayambira 1420 ndi 1453, ndipo wakhala chofunika kwambiri ndi zoipitsitsa. Mu 1422 Korol Karl VI atamwalira ndipo Regent, Henry V, ndi Duke wa Burgundy, pamodzi ndi British analengeza Mfumu ya France ndi England, mwana wa Regent ndi Mfumukazi Henry VI. Nayenso akumanidwa ufulu cholowa cha Dauphin Charles, mwana wa mfumu yapita, Charles VII la atadziika yekha, Mfumu ya France. France linagawanika patatu: m'dziko anagonjetsa British ulamuliro wa Henry ndi V, m'dera opanikizika ya ndale za Duke wa Burgundy ndi madera kum'mwera, anazindikira Charles VII ulamuliro. Mu 1428 ndi Burgundians, pamodzi ndi British anazungulira Orleans, umene unali mwa tikiti kudziko la kum'mwera kwa France. Pa nthawi imeneyi, nkhondo analoŵa anthu, ndi kayendedwe anthu, amene ankapita ndi Joan waku Arc, chiyambi cha kumasulidwa kwa France. Mu 1429, Orleans anamasulidwa ndipo inasanduka zinasintha zaka mazana nkhondo. Mu July chaka chomwecho mwakachetechete korona Charles VII. Duke wa Burgundy ndinapita kwa mfumu yatsopano mu 1435, ndipo mu 1436 anachotsedwa likulu la asilikali a dziko la Britain ndipo kenako ochokera m'matawuni ena kum'mwera chakumadzulo ndi mipanda. Pofika chilimwe cha 1451 kwenikweni zaka mazana nkhondo itatha, koma mu chaka cha 1452 ku Britain anayesa Nkhata kumbuyo kum'mwera kumadzulo kwa France, Bordeaux anagwira linga ndi ena Guienne. Charles VII m'chaka cha 1453 panokha anatsogolera asilikali yomasulira ya kum'mwera kumadzulo kwa dziko. M'chaka cha chaka chomwecho, French anagonjetsa asilikali a ku Britain pa Castillon ndi Châtillon. Ndipo mu October, kaboma French anagonja otsutsa mu Bordeaux - October 19, 1453 anakhala tsiku cha kutsiriza kwa zaka mazana nkhondo.

chigonjetso France mu zaka mazana 'nkhondo anatanthauza osati kuwonongedwa kwa England mu dziko ndi kutulutsidwa kwa wolakika ngati centralization la France, kukhazikitsidwa kwa dziko la boma amphamvu. Kukumbukira nkhondo kukhala mu mitima ya French, monga zipolowe zikuluzikulu pakati mphamvu ziwiri, ndi zochitika zovuta komanso wachiwawa, pang'onopang'ono zilizonse kuzunza dziko ndi mphamvu ya Mzimu wa anthu French.