Farm: n'kwabwino?

kusintha umoyo ndi zachuma mu ON zinachititsa kuti kusintha agrarian mu XV mochedwa - kumayambiriro kwa zaka XVI. Mwambo "filamentous kusintha" molamulidwa ndi Sigismund II Augustus, Grand Duke la Lithuania ndi mfumu Polish. chiwerengero cha anthu m'madera a m'tawuni chawonjezeka chaka ndi chaka, potero Kowonjezereka kwa ulimi. Pa nthawi yomweyo chinawonjezeka mtengo ndi kumwa mkate kumadzulo kwa Ulaya.

Mafumu ang'onoang'ono analandira umafuna opindulitsa mwa kundipatsako kwa mbewu kunja. Pofuna kuonjezera kupanga pa mayiko awo, akalonga ang'onoang'ono anapereka dzikolo kwa amphawi, naitana dziko ili "munda". Ichi chidachitika kwa mayiko mafumu ang'onoang'ono. Zonse zimene zimalimidwa mu munda, kenako ikugulitsidwa m'mayiko kapena anthu.

Mawu mu dikishonare

Farm-chuma anayamba kuoneka m'zaka XV. Alimi ndi mwayi ntchito m'mayiko amenewa ndi kupereka serfdom mangawa, kufesa munda. Tanthauzo la mawu angapezeke m'madikishonale m'mbiri komanso kalembedwe, koma yowala ndi zabwino motere.

• Farm - ulimi Mwenechiroache mundu, ndi Manor yaing'ono (m'mayiko Poland, Western Ukraine, Belarus ndi Lithuania.). Tanthauzo anatengedwa kuchokera "Dictionary Mawu okhonda".
• Mu dikishonare Ushakova "munda" - ndi dziko laling'ono malo.

• Mu "Wikipedia" n'zothekanso kupeza tanthauzo a. Farm (Polish folwark ku chilankhulo izo Vorwerk ..) - Manor, ndi Manor, kuthetsa osiyana, yemwe walunjika ndi mwini mmodzi, mwininyumba chuma.

Provenance

Mu 1557 izo anatenga chikalata otchuka - ndi "hayala pa kufa", lomwe cholinga chake ndi kulowa ndalama moponya kwambiri pa ulimi. Mu chikalata ichi, munda - ndi mtundu wa ulimi, alimi ankachita usilikali. Iwo chinali chiyambi cha kusintha mu ntchito zaulimi Mfumukazi udindo winanso Sforza. Anayamba kusintha malonda Pinsk ndi Kobrin akulu. Kumalo amenewa, chirichonse chinali apamwamba msinkhu, ndi dziko unagawidwa Manor mu malo ena ambiri, kupatula kum'mawa kwa Belarus.

Alimi ndi munda

Monga taonera kale, munda - ndi malo a ambuye ang'onoang'ono. Alimi sanali olamulira a dziko, nadzakhala m'zipatala ndi kukolola. Koma anthu olemekezeka, magnates mwapereka bwino mosavomerezeka ntchito m'dzikomo. Alimi kupeza dziko, kunali koyenera kwa tiweramitse magnates, ndipo mukanthawi mbewu lonse, ndi kuwapatsa. Misonkho anali amphawi ndipo anachoka. Msonkho monga ankachita serfdom, ndi kuzinga panobe msonkho ndalama.