Engineering mukudabwa kapena mbiri ya turbines Kutulukira

m'ma XII zinali zodzaza ndi maonekedwe a injini woyamba nthunzi. Izi Tsikuli kumene makampani ndi luso anaonekera makina makina pang'onopang'ono m'malo ntchito anthu. Kukula kwa makampani si chilili. Mbiri yonse ya chitukuko wofanana ndi kufufuza njira zothetsera woyamba padziko ntchito mofanana - kulengedwa kwa pore wa chopangira mphamvu ya.

Chikondwererochi, mbiri anatulukira, uchokera m'nthawi turbines XIX pamene Swedish wasayansi Charles Patrick Laval kupangidwa olekanitsa mkaka. Kuyang'ana vuto la kukula liwiro pogwiritsa, Carl anatulukira nthunzi chopangira mphamvu, yokonzedwa mu m'ma XIX. The chopangira mphamvu gudumu ali mawonekedwe ndi masamba, nthunzi ndege mochokera chitoliro pa gudumu mbamuikha ndi tsamba untwist. The machubu a wasayansi nthunzi kutola kukula zosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe kwa nthawi yaitali, chifukwa mu zatsopano yaitali anapeza kuti chubu ziyenera phirilo zooneka. chipangizo ichi ntchito lero, ndipo amatchedwa "Laval nozzle". Ngakhale kuti Kutulukira Laval linali losavuta mokwanira pa Koyamba, chipangizo, icho chinali chozizwitsa cha zomangamanga. Koma patapita nthawi zina asayansi nthawi - theorists zatsimikiziridwa kuti kutulukira ntchito chopangira mphamvu nthunzi nozzle Lovaglio amapereka mphambu apamwamba.

British wasayansi Charles Parsons anapanga amathandiza kwambiri kuti chitukuko cha mafakitale. Iwo anali olumikizidwa kwa chopangira mphamvu ndi nthunzi ndi mphamvu jenereta Choncho, chopangira mphamvu ya akhoza kupanga magetsi. Kumapeto kwa zaka khumi ndi zisanu Parsons anatulukira ndege chopangira mphamvu ndi dzuwa mkulu. Mu nthawi yochepa oposa mazana atatu turbines ndege kuti apange magetsi, ndipo yoyamba magetsi ntchito ndege la chopangira mphamvu nthunzi inamangidwa zaka khumi kenako. Choncho, chidali chifuniro chidayesedwa changwiro mwa Parsons turbines Laval njira. Komanso Parsons chotengera inamangidwa ntchito galimoto ya chopangira mphamvu ndi nthunzi, chopangira mphamvu ndiye anayamba zokuzira pa zombo zambiri. M'kupita kwa nthawi, deta ya chopangira mphamvu nazonso ntchito zomera matenthedwe mphamvu.

Komanso mbiri Kutulukira turbines chimachititsanso pamwamba m'ma XX pamene French zatsopano Ogyust Rato anamanga multistage nthunzi chopangira mphamvu, momwe magawo akadakwanitsira wa dontho kuthamanga kwa aliyense siteji chopangira mphamvu akhala masamu.

Ndipotu, wasayansi American Glen Curtis, chopangira mphamvu wakhala akupangidwa zomwe ntchito dongosolo latsopano lomwe Mulungu anapanga anali ndi kukula yaing'ono komanso kamangidwe wangwiro. turbines izi zinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito yomanga machitidwe galimoto, iwo anaikidwa pa ofunkha choyamba, ndiye zombo usilikali ndipo potsiriza, pa ngalawa zonyamula.

Choncho, mbiri turbines Kutulukira muli njira zingapo kupeza yabwino ndi ndalama kutentha injini XIX m'ma asayansi. Mmodzi woyamba anayamba kutentha injini, imene mafuta ndi combusted mu yamphamvu akanati Choncho, ngati injini kuti bwino anaikidwa galimoto. asayansi ena nthunzi injini bwino kuti kuonjezera mphamvu yake ndi dzuwa.

Monga lero, nkhani ikuyamba ndi Kutulukira turbines maina kwambiri monga Laval, Parsons ndi Curtis. Asayansi onsewa ndi woyamba mwachita chopereka kwambiri kuti chitukuko cha mafakitale ndi zoyendera limasonyeza padziko lonse. zipambano zawo zinali zofunika kwambiri kwa anthu onse. Koma chofunika kwambiri chinali kufala kwa mawonekedwe mphamvu, monga magetsi. Panopa deta asayansi Kutulukira ankagwiritsa ntchito padziko lonse pomanga zombo ndi zomera mphamvu.