Umene zoipazi mumlengalenga. History of atulukira kuthamanga mumlengalenga

Atmospheric kuthamanga - chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri nyengo zimene zimakhudza nyengo ndi anthu. Imathandiza kuti mapangidwe zowononga ndi anticyclones, amakwiya chitukuko cha matenda a mtima anthu. Umboni kuti mpweya ali kulemera ndi wokonzeka 17 m'ma, kuyambira dongosolo la kuphunzira Kusiyana kwake ndi ofunika Synoptists.

ndi mlengalenga Kodi

Mawu akuti "chilengedwe" ndi lochokera Chigiriki kwenikweni likumasuliridwa kuti "nthunzi" ndipo "mpira". Izi envelopu gaseous pa dziko, amene imazungulira pamodzi ndi ndipamene limodzi lonse dziko thupi. Munthu wotere kuchokera kutumphuka dziko lapansi, ozama mu hydrosphere, ndi exosphere umatha, pang'onopang'ono kupita mu mlengalenga interplanetary.

Zinkakhalira dziko - ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri kuti amatipatsa kuthekera kwa moyo padziko lapansi. Lili zofunika mpweya munthu, izo zimatengera magawo nyengo. malire a m'mlengalenga ndi makonzedwe kwambiri. Amaona kuti tiyambire pa mtunda wa makilomita pafupifupi 1000 kuchokera pamwamba pansi kenako zina pa mtunda wa makilomita 300 bwino mu danga interplanetary. Malingana ndi chiphunzitso, chimene chimatsatira NASA, zimenezi m'chimake mpweya itha pamalo okwera 100 makilomita.

Iwo ananyamuka chifukwa cha kuphulitsa mapiri ndi evaporation zinthu mu matupi dziko kugwa pa dziko. Today m'mlengalenga tichipeza asafe, mpweya, argon ndi mpweya wina.

History of atulukira kuthamanga mumlengalenga

Mpaka m'ma 17, anthu musaganizepo ngati mpweya kulemera. Kapena pali lingaliro lililonse la mumlengalenga kuthamanga zomwe. Komabe, pamene Kalonga wa Tuscany waganiza akonzekeretse wotchuka minda Florence ndi akasupe, ntchito yake analephera momvetsa chisoni. Kutalika kwa Danga madzi sayenera upambana mamita 10, chimene chiri chosiyana maganizo onse a malamulo a chilengedwe pa nthawi. Ndi apa zimene zimachokera mbiri ya anapeza kuthamanga mumlengalenga.

Kuphunzira zodabwitsazi ananyamula mwana wasukulu wa Galileo, ndi wasayansi Italy ndi masamu Evangelista Torricelli. Mothandizidwa ndi choti zinthu ankawonjezereka, Mercury, Patapita zaka zingapo anatha mutsimikize kuti mphamvu ya kulemera kwa mpweya. Iye choyamba analenga wosatsogoleredwa zasayansi ndi anakamba barometer choyamba. Torricelli ankaimira galasi chubu wodzazidwa ndi Mercury, zimene zatsalira opanikizika ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu limene limasonyeza mavuto m'mlengalenga. Mercury ndime kutalika ndi wofanana 760 mm. Madzi - mamita 10,3, ichi ndi kutalika pa amene anaukitsa akasupe minda Florence. Ndipo Iye anatsegula kwa anthu amene ali barometric kuthamanga ndi mmene moyo wa munthu. Zingalowe mu chubu wakhala dzina lake polemekeza wake "Torricellian chisokonezo."

N'chifukwa ndipo potero analenga kuthamanga mumlengalenga

Chimodzi mwa zida chifungulo cha meteorology - kuphunzira kuyenda ndi kayendedwe ka misa mpweya. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti lingaliro, kuti kuthamanga mumlengalenga analengedwa. Pambuyo anali atatsimikizira kuti mpweya ndi kulemera, zinadziwika kuti, ngati thupi lina lililonse padziko lapansi, mphamvu za anyamata. Izi ndi zimene zinachititsa pakutchulidwa a kuthamanga pamene mchikakamizo cha mphamvu yokoka m'mlengalenga. Kuthamanga mumlengalenga zingasiyane chifukwa kusiyana unyinji wa mpweya magawo osiyanasiyana.

Kodi kwayamba lalikulu kwambiri mkulu. Mu malo rarefied a kuthamanga ananena mumlengalenga. Chifukwa kusintha unyinji wa mpweya lagona kutentha kwake. Iye sali usavutike ku cheza dzuwa ndi dziko lapansili. Pa Kutentha, mpweya umakhala mbandakucha limatuluka m'mwamba pamene chilled misa mpweya kugwa, kupanga zonse, mosalekeza gulu la misa mpweya. Aliyense wa utuluke awa ali ndi kuthamanga osiyana mumlengalenga, amene amakwiya maonekedwe mphepo padziko lathuli.

Mphamvu ya nyengo

Atmospheric kuthamanga - mmodzi wa mawu ofunika kwambiri pa meteorology. Weather Padziko Lapansi aumbike chifukwa zotsatira za zowononga ndi anticyclones, amene anapanga mchikakamizo cha kusiyana kuthamanga mu envelopu gaseous dzikoli. Highs kwa ziwawa (mpaka 800 mamilimita Hg ndi pamwamba) ndi otsika liwiro, pamene chimphepo - chigawo kuchepetsa ndi mkulu liwiro. Anthufe tikuvutika, mphepo Anthufe tikuvutika ndi inakhazikitsanso chifukwa kusinthasintha mwadzidzidzi kuthamanga mumlengalenga - mkati mphepo yamkuntho izo mofulumira kugwa, kufika 560 mmHg.

Kayendedwe ka mpweya amachititsa kusintha nyengo. Mphepo akuwuka pakati m'madera magulu a kuthamanga, ndipo otchezedwa zowononga Anticyclones umene zoipazi mumlengalenga, kupanga zinthu zina nyengo. mwaulesi Awa kawirikawiri mwadongosolo, ndipo amakhala ovuta kwambiri kulosera. Kumadera kumene mkulu ndi otsika mavuto mumlengalenga nawo, kusintha kwa nyengo.

katundu Chitsanzo

Avereji ya pansi makhalidwe abwino akuti ndi mlingo wa 760 mamilimita Hg. kuthamanga mlingo zimasiyanasiyana ndi okwera: akubisala m'dzenje kapena malo ili pansi pa nyanja anzawo adzakhala apamwamba msinkhu kumene mpweya rarefied, mosiyana, ntchito zake yafupika 1 mmHg aliyense kilometre.

mumlengalenga kuthamanga Low

Iwo amachepetsa ndi kuwonjezeka okwera chifukwa mtunda kuchokera dziko lapansili. Mbali yoyamba, ndondomeko izi chifukwa kuchepa zotsatira za mphamvu yokoka.

Usavutike ku dziko lapansi, mipweya amene amapanga mpweya, ndi kukodzedwa, misa zawo mosavuta, ndipo iwo adzauka mu chapamwamba mlengalenga. Movement kumachitika malinga ngati mpweya misa pafupi sadzatero mpweya zochepa wandiweyani kenako kufalikira m'mbali ndi zoipazi equalized.

m'magawo Traditional ndi kuchepetsa vuto la kuthamanga mumlengalenga amaonedwa kotentha. Pa malo a kunyanja otsika kuthamanga nthawi zonse anaona. Komabe, m'madera ndi index mkulu ndi otsika anagawira dziko lapansi omangidwa mu chomwecho kumpoto Hrs akhale malo chili ndi mbali zosiyanasiyana.

The kuthamanga mpweya

Mlingo wokweretsa mu dziko pali North ndi South mizati. Ichi ndi chifukwa mpweya pa pamwamba ozizira amakhala ozizira ndi wandiweyani, kulemera ukuwonjezeka Choncho, amaitana kwambiri padziko yokoka. Akugwa, ndi danga pamwamba ladzala ndi khwimbi otentha mpweya, kotero kuti kuthamanga mumlengalenga ndi kwaiye ndi mlingo mkulu.

Impact pa anthu

mfundo Normal khalidwe la madera amoyo anthu sayenera kukhudza aliyense pa thanzi lake. Komabe, mumlengalenga kuthamanga, ndi moyo padziko lapansi inextricably zogwirizana. Kusintha kwake - kuchuluka kapena kuchepa - mwina hule chitukuko cha matenda a mtima pa anthu ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Munthu akhoza kuona ululu mu mtima, matenda causeless mutu, utachepa ntchito.

Kwa anthu odwala matenda kupuma, angakhale anticyclones zoopsa zimene kuthamanga. Mpweya wotsika ndipo lolemererapo, kumaonjezera ndende ya zinthu zoipa.

Pa kusinthasintha mumlengalenga kuthamanga amachepetsa chitetezo chokwanira anthu, leukocytes magazi ali osavomerezeka m'masiku awa kutsegula thupi m'thupi kapena mwanzeru.