Ionizing cheza - Kodi ndi zovuta ionizing cheza ...

Zina mwa zinthu zonse zokhudza kuphulika nyukiliya (mantha yoweyula cheza kuwala, mu atomu zimachitika, kuipitsidwa nyukiliya, ionizing cheza), ndi owopsa imatengedwa kuti ionizing cheza. Kotereku Popanga madzi a gamma cheza, kenakonso nyutironi kamwazi amene panamveka kuchokera nyukiliya zone kuphulika kwa nthawi yochepa - ndi mayunitsi ndi makumi masekondi. Ndi chifukwa chachikulu chitukuko cha matenda poizoniyu.

cheza ionizing

Ionizing dzuwa, kapena ionizing cheza - mtsinje wa photons, particles pulayimale, fission zidutswa maatomu chimene chingathe ionizing thunthu, i.e. akatembenuka maatomu ndale kapena mamolekyulu mu ayoni - ndithu mlandu particles. Chifukwa cha "kusintha" wosweka physico-mankhwala ndi njira kwachilengedwenso moyo zimakhala ndi zipangizo, Krustalo latisi zikadzawonongedwa, pali kusintha mu dongosolo la maselo. Kuwononga utali wozungulira ozama cheza kwambiri m'munsi kuposa umuna kuwala kapena mafunde mantha. The owopsa ndi malo amene mkati 2-3 Km from malo omwe. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti particles pulayimale Umayenda intensively chosakanikirana ndi mlengalenga.

Nature cheza ionizing

Kuti kumvetsa zomwe ozama cheza cha bomba la nyukiliya, m'pofunika kuganizira chikhalidwe ake, ndipo kuti izi zikugwirizana bwanji ndi kapangidwe ka maatomu.

Atomu - ndi tinthu zing'onozing'ono chinthu mankhwala yomwe imakhala ndi phata ndi makina ma elekitironi. Ngale, nayenso tichipeza zigawo ziwiri - ndi mapulotoni neutrons. Choyamba kunyamula mtengo zabwino, wachiwiri - ndale. Chifukwa chiŵerengero misa mapulotoni ma elekitironi (zoipa adawalamulira) zambiri atomu ndi electrically ndale. Chifukwa cha bombardment ndi neutrons amapezeka mankhwala atomu phata akuwaza pawiri ndi kutulutsidwa kwa yambiri mphamvu ndi "zisamayoyoke" particles pulayimale. "Umagawanika" neutrons, mapulotoni alipo mtima ena, ndipo gawani iwo mu theka - akuyamba kusalankhula anachita nyukiliya.

Choncho, ionizing cheza - ndi wina kuposa ya "breakaway" particles pulayimale (omwe si anakumana ndi mtima zina), ndipo kwakukulu kuchuluka kwa mphamvu - mu atomu kapena Popanga madzi a gamma cheza.

Zimayambitsa kusintha thunthu la kapangidwe

Kusintha kapangidwe ka nkhani - chifukwa chachikulu kwa limakhudza zoipa ionizing cheza pa zimakhala moyo ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana sanali kwachilengedwenso. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha bombardment thunthu "breakaway" neutrons maatomu. Chifukwa cha kukhudzana amenewa, monga taonera, pali pakati kugawikana m'magulu awiri.

Koma izi zimachitika kawirikawiri kwambiri, chifukwa cha mphamvu yaikulu iyi ayenera cheza ozama. Izi ndi ichi chokha akhoza kugawanitsa phata mu chikhalidwe khola. Chifukwa chachikulu kusintha kapangidwe ka mankhwala ndi ejection wa neutrons atomu. Chifukwa, unyinji wa pakati yafupika, akusokoneza bwino atomu, ndi kubwezeretsa izo, elekitironi ndi amakakamizidwa "kusiya" kanjira kake.

Mgwirizano wabwezeretsedwa, koma atomu amapeza mlandu zabwino, chifukwa chiwerengero cha mapulotoni si utachepa izo - ndi ionized mankhwala. N'zoonekeratu kuti ayoni sangathe kuchita ntchito yomweyo monga ma atomu. Komanso, mamolekyulu kukhala osakhazikika, iwo kuwola mu monomers. N'chifukwa chake zotsatira za ionizing cheza choncho amapha anthu.

matenda cheza

Large Mlingo wa ionizing cheza nthawi zambiri, matenda cheza amakwiya - chiwonongeko, kuwonongeka ndi minofu cheza. Amatha chifukwa cha yochepa kuonera kapena kukhudzana yaitali zochepa kwambiri. Choncho, kuwonongeka akhoza lakuthwa ndi mwachinsinsi. Mulimonsemo, matenda zimawononga zotsatira pa thupi la munthu. M'kupita cheza matenda pachimake amakhudza machitidwe onse thupi kapena chiwalo yeniyeni. Nthawi zambiri, mmene ionizing cheza "anaikira" pa rectum. Pankhaniyi, matenda limodzi ndi kusanza kwambiri, nseru, m'mimba ndi ludzu. Komanso, thupi poizoni selo zinyalala mamolekyulu. Kunadza kuledzera ambiri.

Kutalika kwa nthawi zobisika za matenda kutentha kwa masiku ochepa kuti mwezi umodzi. Panthawi imeneyi, munthuyo pafupifupi munthu kudzimva kuti akudwala, koma amadza kutalika kwa matendawa. Kuledzela zikachitika, osauka matenda opatsirana, zikuchepa yafupika yopanga maselo a mwazi ndi mafupa, pali kukha mwazi yaikulu ndi imfa.

chitetezo ku mfundo poizoni ameneyu ndi woopsa

Chitetezo chachikulu ndi cheza asataye nthawi. Mu masiku oyamba pambuyo nyukiliya kuphulika cheza mwamphamvu ndi apamwamba kuposa masiku angapo. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti zipangizo zonse ndi osiyana theka miyoyo - makamaka ogaŵikana isotopes sakhalitsa (owopsa), kenako okha particles otsala. Komanso, aliyense seveni koloko mlingo cheza yafupika tenfold. Distance - wachiwiri chitetezo china. Kawiri mtunda kuchokera malo omwe amachepetsa mlingo wa poizoni maulendo 4. Koma njira yaikulu ndi angakwanitse poteteza mosamala ndi - Gwiritsani ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga malire ku mtsinje wa particles pulayimale. The katundu bwino oteteza ndi kutsogolera, zitsulo, simenti, njerwa, pansi. N'chifukwa chake chitetezo bungwe mobisa mu zapansi nyumba monolithic.

Cheza chitetezo chakudya

Chitetezo ozama cheza si chilengedwe cha zimalepheretsa otaya neutrons ndi Popanga madzi a gamma cheza, komanso anapita chakudya kuchokera radionuclides. Chinthu choyamba chimene ayenera kuchita pofuna kuteteza chakudya ndi madzi - kuziyika mu chipolopolo wandiweyani. Zimenezi zingakhale thumba pulasitiki, chidebe pulasitiki, zitsulo chidebe. Izi zachitika kuonetsetsa kuti kuwonongeka mankhwala koma alephera kuthetsa chakudya kenako mkati thupi.