Kukhoza njerwa m'nyengo yozizira: luso kutsata

Nthawi zina, zomangamanga kunyumba mochedwerapo kotero kuti kubwera ozizira. Kapena pamene mukufuna kumanga nyumba pompano, osati kudikira mpaka chilimwe. Koma simenti ziro kutentha ikutha anaumitsa ngati mwachita bwino yomanga nyumba yozizira mu kutentha boma ziro?

Chifukwa si njira amaundana

Pamene nyengo ndi nyengo yozizira, izo kwenikweni kubweza kuumitsa njira. Pamene kutentha akutsikira ku ziro, njira zambiri mabasi. osakaniza lonse amakhala wogawanika pa mchenga, simenti kapena binders ena. Khoma kugawa pakati pawo - ndi madzi kuti wakhala ayezi. Zimenezi zimabweretsa chakuti simenti palibe plasticity, chifukwa chimene seams yopingasa si losindikizidwa kwathunthu.

Simenti ungathe kusokoneza thawing

Pamene tsiku la thawing amapezeka pansi zochita za dzuwa, makoma anayamba kukhumudwa chifukwa ayezi ndi wotembenuka kachiwiri mu madzi. Chinthu choyipa ndi kuti yomanga nyumba yozizira amapereka shrinkage m'goli. Motero, zochita kutaya bata ndi mphamvu.

Izi zikachitika, pamene zowalamulira cha kuzizira, ndiye thawed, ayenera kutenga masiku 28 kuti akathyole zonse. Kenako, yankho limakhala theka amphamvu, ananena ndi Mlengi wa kuuma ake. Ndipo ndi choncho, ngati muli ndi mwayi m'firiji pamtunda, koma osati pamene ozizira kuzungulira koloko. Pazifukwa izi, izo anatulukira njira zimene mukhoza, ndipo pa otsika kutentha kusunga mphamvu ya zomangamanga, ndipo ananena ndi Mlengi.

Njira yozizira zomangamanga

Yozizira yomanga nyumba anali wolimba, pali njira zingapo kuchita izi:

• Chinawonjezeka njira ya zigawo zoletsa kuwuma;
• magetsi magetsi;
• kulenga Tepljakov.

omanga Professional ntchito njerwa zomangamanga m'nyengo yozizira Komabe, tiyenera kukonzekera ntchito poyamba. Kenako zonse bwinobwino masamu, ndondomeko ndi kuti lizilamuliridwa ndi anapanga zotsatira zabwino zotheka. njerwa anaika pa njira mkangano. Ndipo komabe ine analibe nthawi amaundana, iye kupeza mphamvu. Pambuyo pake, chirichonse chiri achisanu ndi thawing, itavula, ndi zina zotero. Zimene zimachitika ndi kuyembekezera kuneneratu chifukwa komaliza.

Mitundu zosakaniza amene ntchito m'nyengo yozizira

Technology yomanga nyumba yozizira amapereka njira:

• simenti;
• laimu ndi simenti;
• dongo-simenti;
• njira ankagwiritsidwanso ntchito, pamene m'munsi - mwamsanga laimu.

Kuchokera pa nyengo, yankho anatsimikiza ndi mtundu. Ngati mulibe kuganizira kutentha nyengo osakaniza akutengedwa, umene uli malamulo awiri zoopsa kuposa amene lakonzedwa kuti ntchito m'chilimwe.

Kutentha ndi kusankha osakaniza

Ngati kunja ndi pang'ono pansipa -3 ntchito osakaniza akale. Pamene kutentha -4 kwa -20 ° C, ndiye chizindikiro kwambiri chifukwa ndi mfundo ziwiri. Mwachitsanzo, m'malo №10 pa №25. Ngati ozizira kwambiri amphamvu, ndiye kuwonjezera ndi notches wina ziwiri.

Kuti yomanga nyumba wakhala bwino yozizira, osema miyala kupulumutsa njira ofunda ntchito muli wapadera. Iwo amatha kukhala chofunika kutentha kwa njira.

Ngati yankho chisanu

Ngati mphepo kunja, m'pofunika konzekera osakaniza madigiri zisanu. Mu zomangamanga ndi mphindi 25 mpaka njira si zii. Koma ngati palibe, tikhoza kuona ayezi, Mulimonsemo, inu simungakhoze kuwonjezera madzi otentha. Izi adzalenga pores, imene Komanso pa amaundana madzi, kwambiri kumawonjezera khalidwe la zomangamanga ndi. M'pofunika bwezerani osakaniza mazira kuti konzekera, ndi ntchito kutenga ofunda. Pakuti mayiko, chofunika kuchuluka kwa njira amachoka mu chidebe lotsekedwa, ndi kuyandikira kwa izo, agwire ntchito. Only zotsatirazi malamulo amenewa, mukhoza ali ndi ufulu zomangamanga njerwa mu nyengo yozizira.

NKHANI Zima zomangamanga

Makamaka yozizira zomangamanga kuti m'pofunika kuchita zonse mofulumira kwambiri, kugona pa kama njira ayenera yomweyo kuphimba ndi njerwa, kotero kupitiriza mu mndandanda. khoma kukula kugunda mmwamba ndi chofunika kwambiri, chifukwa kwa kapangidwe kwambiri wangwiro ayenera amaumiriza tiers chapamwamba cha pansi. Momwemo mwamphamvu wothinikizidwa zimfundo ndi atapanga mu udindo umenewo, adzakupatsani zofunika makoma bata.

Ngakhale kuti zomangamanga ndi ikuchitika yachisanu, unyinji zimfundo sayenera onse kuposa chilimwe. Ngati buku la yankho ku matabwa ndi kuposa, ndiye kuti akhoza kuchita shrinkage aakulu pambuyo thawing. Izi kwambiri osafunika ndi zingachititse kuti kugwa kwa. Choncho muyenera kutsatira anthu malamulo ndi yomanga nyumba yozizira. Ngakhale nthawi yopuma muyenera kuphimba kapangidwe ka pepala denga, nsalu, polyethylene, ambiri, kusunga konzekera ngati n'zotheka. Pambuyo pa yankho pa solidification ndi amatipatsanso kutentha yake, si kwambiri, koma kudzakuthandizani kulimbitsa. Muyeneranso kuonetsetsa kuti matabwa zonse zinakhuta, ndipo analibe voids. Ndipotu, kungachititse kuti shrinkage m'goli, ndikutchetcha kapena kugwetsa dongosolo lonse.

Makoma, pansi panyumba ndi matabwa

Pamene anaimika makoma kapena zipilala, m'pofunika kuchita zomangamanga pa nyumba, monga malire, ndi msoko akhoza kuchita, zomwe ndi nyanja. yomanga kutalika wotere sayenera kuposa 4 m. Pamene zomangamanga ndi wokonzeka, pomwepo ayenera hoist mbale-kulowererana. ndi matabwa onse ndi girders kuti mupumule pa makoma, muyenera kugwirizana ndi anangula zitsulo. Choncho, dongosolo lonse chingathe kupirira kulemera kwa mbale, amayikanikiza pamwamba. Amathamanga kukonza torsions, kapena ngati mtengo, ntchito ziyangoyango. Only yomanga nyumba lolondola ndi kuphatikiza woyenera adzakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino.

Maziko kufala maziko, kuteteza chilichonse kuzizira, panthaŵi ndipo pambuyo ntchito. Izi ndi kuonetsetsa kuti maziko thawing Sichinatsitsidwe anayamba kumira mofulumira, potero kugonjera ndi deformations zowalamulira, kungachititse kuti ligwe. M'nyengo yozizira zokhazikapo ndi anayikidwa phula pepala, nkhani denga, kapena polyethylene, mwachindunji pa angaimbidwenso bedi konkire. Iwo anayikidwa mu zigawo zitatu ndi zotheka ndi Chofunika kwambiri, kusunga kukhudzana ndi chisanu.

ankalamulira shrinkage

Kuchita stacking yozizira ntchito ya analimbitsa milatho konkire, ndipo ngati utali osapitirira 1.5 m, n'zotheka ntchito wamba anamangirira jumper formwork. Ndi chizolowezi choti tsiku lililonse. Monga malamulo kupereka formwork njerwa zomangamanga zimakhudza poyimitsa amene wokwera pa wedges, ndipo pamene m'firiji pamtunda akuyamba, zimafooka. Kusonyeza yomanga lonse la wogawana chafufumimba. Onse poyimitsa ndi jumpers zakonzedwa mu zigawo chapakati makoma, tisalole kusamutsidwa awo. Pambuyo zonse thawed, ndi jumper kuchotsedwa formwork pokhapokha masiku 15.

Zima zomangamanga yodziwika ndi chakuti kutalika pa zenera ndipo chitseko mipata, pamene anaika mu njerwa ayenera kukhala 5 mm kuposa pamene ntchito yofanana m'chilimwe. Mulimonsemo, yankho wosanganiza yekha mu madzi mkangano.

Kwanyengo seams ntchito magetsi

Alipo njerwa zomangamanga luso ndi magetsi. Chifukwa chaichi, zimfundo yopingasa m'pofunika kuyala waya. wochindikala kungakhale 0.3-6 mm, ndi ayenera anachoka yaitali malekezero zokwanira kuti athe conveniently kugwirizana kwa magetsi. Iwo akhoza kukhala owotcherera. Pamene kuika mawaya ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti njira sanali opanda chifukwa Kutentha Pankhaniyi adzakhala pang'onopang'ono ndipo akhoza kukhala operewera.

Pa Kutentha osakaniza mwiniwake apita 25% otsala mphamvu adadzonga mu kutentha mpweya ozungulira ndi njerwa. Choncho ndikofunikira mosamala kusankha zida chimene chingathe stably kupereka ndalama Napempha kwa magetsi. Chotero zomangamanga mu njerwa, chithunzi chimene pano, kwambiri za sayansi ndi zambiri zamakono zochuluka kuposa komwe muli kumanga Tepljakov.

njira mankhwala a

Palinso njira kuteteza kuzizira njira, kuthira mankhwala. Iwo anawonjezera kuti njira, ndipo kumachepetsa kutentha pa zimene osakaniza anali atapanga kuti. Mwa zinthu zimenezi ndi zothandiza kwambiri ndipo ankagwiritsa ntchito ndi: sodium kolorayidi, calcium nitrite, calcium nitrite, osakaniza ndi urea ndi carbonate potaziyamu.

Komabe, njira imeneyi kulenga zomangamanga ali ndi mwayi kwambiri, akatswiri ambiri amanena kuti ndi ntchito yomanga nyumba zogona sangakhale. Ndipotu anthu akhalemo, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala wodzikweza: iwo angakhale oopsa ndipo zingadwalitse tsogolo la anthu.

Nkofunika kukumbukira, kuwaika njira imeneyi, sitingathe kwambiri kusokoneza zina izi, monga njira mukhoza kudzawatenga kwambiri mofulumira kuposa kuyembekezera. Optimally zokwanira 1-3% ya kulemera okwana kusakaniza. Phunzirani zambiri, makamaka mmene ndalama kuwonjezera iwo, mungathe yekha empirically.

Apa takambirana zimene njerwa, monga moyenerera akuyendera nyengo yozizira, ndi zipangizo kuti nthawi zina pamafunika. Monga mukuonera, ngakhale mu zinthu zopanda chiyembekezo, pali njira zingapo. Iwo, kumene, amafuna zina zokhudzana ndi zinachitikira kuti timvetse molondola mmene zipangizo khalidwe.