Madokotala pa 1941-1945 Great kukonda dziko lako nthawi nkhondo. zachipatala ft mu Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo

Medics mu WWII analibe zochepa ungwazi, sichisinthasinthanso ndi mtima kuposa asilikali, oyendetsa, airmen, apolisi ndi anthu ogwira ntchito kutsogolo kwathu. Bakuman namwino pa mapewa osalimba anagwira asilikali ovulala, madokotala ntchito usana ndi usiku, popanda kusiya odwala, mankhwala kuchita chilichonse chotheka kuti apeze mkulu-ntchito mankhwala kutsogolo ndalama chofunika. Panali kuunika positi, malo, malo a ntchito - aliyense wa asing'anga chapangitsa.

Inayamba nkhondo

utumiki Medical, komanso gulu lonse lankhondo ndi kupita ku nkhondo zikhalidwe za isanayambike dzikolo mwadzidzidzi. zinthu zambiri umalimbana patsogolo ntchito zaumoyo ndi katundu, anali akali kwakukulukulu siinamalizidwe. m'maboma magulu malire kuchita maudani ndi chakudya chochepa cha mankhwala, zipangizo ndi zida. Chintchito zofunika kwambiri madokotala pa Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, amalowerera mu zovuta kwambiri kuti apulumutse thanzi ndi moyo wa asilikali ndi anthu wamba.

Kuyambira pa tsiku loyamba la nkhondo izo amalenga mavuto malo monga mwa kundipatsako kwa asilikali alipo, ndi kupanga malonda zipangizo zachipatala. Nkhokwe yaikulu ya mankhwala, opaleshoni zida, Mavalidwe, anaikira m'maboma malire, analibe nthawi kutenga. ndalama zochuluka zipangizo zachipatala, amene anafuna kupangidwa ndi kufalitsidwa mayunitsi ndi mabungwe atayika.

Ngakhale imfa ya malo thanzi, chifukwa cha ntchito zozizwitsa ndi khama zosaneneka wopulumuka mankhwala asilikali malo mzere kutsogolo anasamutsidwa zoposa 1200 ngolo ya chuma thanzi ku mayiko a kumbuyo.

Experience yotengedwa magazi

Zovuta kwa dziko mu 1941 anathetsa yaitali yoyamba chigonjetso wa Red Army mu nkhondo zazikulu kwa Moscow. Iwo makamaka kuonekera zachipatala ft mu Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Photos nyengo analanda kanema ozimitsa kupulumutsidwa ku pansi mphepo yamkuntho ya medics moto ndi mabomba ndi anamwino. Panali milandu pafupipafupi pamene akuchipatala mbanfinikiza wovulalayo, yosalekerera moyo. Mphamvu ya zachipatala ntchito utumiki ndi ziwerengero osakondera. kuchuluka yaikulu zipangizo zachipatala anali anakhala pa Nkhondo ya Moscow:

• Only patsogolo kumadzulo mamita oposa 12 miliyoni a gauze.
• Kalinin ndi amadzibisa Western anakhala matani oposa 172 wa gypsum.
• Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ya "anavulazidwa", ndi regimental ndi chigawo zomwe zili zofunika kwambiri mankhwala, serums, sutures, syringes. Kutsogolo kwa malo a Western Front asilikali anali chikalata waika 583 kukukhala 169 wa regimental ndi chigawo.

Njira yokonza mankhwala mu Moscow nkhondo, mwachidule pa msonkhano wa Red Army GVSU 12-15 April 1942, analola bwinobwino kwambiri kugwiritsa makonzedwe a asilikali ndi mabungwe zachipatala ntchito wotsatira wa nkhondo.

Pakuti ife Moscow!

Medics mu WWII ndipo anaphunzira ntchito bwino mawu a chitetezo (mthunzi), ndi kumuukira, ndipo anatulukira mofulumira kuya lalikulu la kutsogolo. Mu njira zambiri, zinthu zambiri zakhala apindulira pa chitetezo yaitali khama ndipo wotsatira potsimikizira-amanyansidwa m'dera Moscow. Nkhondo ya Moscow analola kusintha gulu la asilikali chisamaliro ndondomeko ya kusintha pa zochita kumbuyo kuchita ntchito amanyansidwa pamlingo njira.

Ngakhale pamaso pa nkhondo kumbuyo pa likulu la utumiki zachipatala ya amadzibisa Western ndi Bryansk wakuchitirani ntchito kuika kuti mphamvu ndi chuma, omwe kwambiri chokumana ndi zomvetsa wolemera mu miyezi iwiri yoyambirira ya nkhondo. chidwi unkalipiridwa kuti malembedwe aantchito mayunitsi mankhwala a regiments ndi magulu anamwino ndi orderlies, odikira.

pa kutsogolo

Pali mfundo zambiri za medics mu Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, osati chisoni miyoyo yawo kubala vyvoloch, mwa njira iliyonse kubweretsa ovulala ku nkhondo ku chipatala. Ndinali kugwira ntchito pa moto, kutentha ndi mvula, mu matope ndi chipale chofewa.

Pacimake anali kuchotsa zovuta ovulala ndi snowpack kwambiri. Choncho, yodalirika galimoto ukhondo, makamaka pa blizzards ndi wofuka chisanu anali aŵiri. Ndipo osati kwa zoyendera wa molasidwa ku malo regimental zachipatala (PHC), koma nthawi zambiri komanso kwa achoke kwawo ku PMP m'zipatala chigawo. Anayamba bwino anaona kufunika ndi njira yoyenera kulimbikitsa limasonyeza mbali ya utumiki wa zachipatala. njira imeneyi akhala m'gulu la zachipatala mphamvu utumiki Kukwera Akavalo kampani ukhondo, kwambiri facilitates achoke mofulumira.

zipatala

madokotala asilikali pa World nkhondo II zikwizikwi ntchito mu zipatala. Mwachitsanzo, mu nthawi ya 1941-1942. Only mu magulu ankhondo a Western Front anali 50 zipatala kumunda ndi 10 mafoni evakopriemnikov mphamvu okwana 15,000 mabedi nthawi zonse. Hospital m'munsi mwa Western Front anali kufalitsidwa mu echelons awiri pa mbali ziwiri kuthawa. The munkalowa a m'munsi kuchipatala anafika 42.000 mabedi. Mu gawo loyamba ndi advantageously kufalitsidwa zipatala munda, ndipo mu gawo ake chachiwiri - mwapadera kawiri zipatala kuthawa.

Feat medics mu Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo ndi ntchito yawo mosadzikonda tsiku. Kuweta khama utumiki mankhwala anapanga kuonetsetsa kuti posachedwapa kuti atuluke anavulazidwa ndi odwala ochokera m'madera amene anali kuopsezedwa a adani mdani, kupereka thandizo kuchipatala. Kwambiri kuchuluka kwa Kuyenda anavulazidwa, ndi zovuta pafupifupi kuvulala anakhalabe muutumiki. Chochititsa chidwi zomvetsa zachipatala, amene anavutika kuyambira chiyambi cha asilikali potsimikizira-amanyansidwa wa Kalinin ndi amadzibisa Western, zinachititsa polandirira msonkho osachepera 150-200 anavulazidwa patsiku, ndipo masiku kumenyana kwambiri - mpaka 350-400.

pharmacies

Madokotala Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo (1941-1945) kumenyana osati pa amadzibisa lapansi. mavuto aakulu, nthawi zina lolemera kwambiri, anapereka pharmacies mmene kukumana mankhwala ofunika. ntchito kuchita pa mankhwala anali kumva ndi chakuti kumuwombera chidwi cha mankhwala, madokotala anasiya nkhondo. Chiwerengero cha mankhwala ntchito mu pharmacies, waponya ndi theka 1941-1942.

Yobweretsa anakonza mankhwala mankhwala unyolo, mankhwala kwambiri akusokoneza: ambiri makampani mu makampani mankhwala zinawonongedwa kapena anasamutsidwa. Ndi chiyambi cha World nkhondo II mankhwala asilikali n'zochititsatu mankhwala makamaka lakonzedwa kuti anthu kutengapo mbali a m'dera limeneli. Ambiri a iwo anali sekondale mankhwala ndi konse ntchito ya usilikali. A mbali yaikulu ya ogwira ntchito anali azimayi, maphunziro nthawi adzafupikitsidwa akuphunzira sukulu mankhwala. chiwerengero A nsanamira mu pharmacies anali otanganidwa azachipatala.

mavuto makamaka anakumana akuluakulu a asilikali a pharmacies munthu wina wa malo onse ogwira. Kuwonjezera pa ntchito yawo akatswiri kwa mankhwala ndi ntchito zapakhomo. Sami olembedwa zolembedwa analandira mankhwala, chosawilitsidwa njira, mankhwala mbale. Ndi zofunika asilikali ntchito yokonza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuphunzira amapita. Athandiza madokotala pa Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo zinali zofunika osati pa kutsogolo, komanso maukonde mankhwala.

chitsanzo cha utumiki

Mbiri ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World wolemera Ndipotu udindo kwa munthu mmodzi kumakhudzanso tsoka la zikwi. Kuwawa adzapulumuke ndi kukhalabe luso ntchito asilikali ovulala akugwa ndi madokotala zachipatala Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Photo wolemekezeka akatswiri Tingaone mu TV kusindikiza zakale, Intaneti. Chitsanzo cha dokotala kwambiri ndi kulinganiza Vasiliya Vasilevicha Uspenskogo.

dokotala wodziwa anatsogolera Kashin chigawo kuchipatala pambuyo ntchito ya Kalinin kwawo (tsopano Tver). Pa nthawi yomweyo anali dokotala wa kuchipatala, mlangizi achoke zipatala kufalitsidwa mu mzinda wa Kashin, midzi yoyandikana ndi anasamutsidwa kuchipatala dera mzindawo. Iye ndiye anali kugwiritsira ntchito lodziwika bwino woyendetsa-ngwazi A. P. Mareseva. Pa chipatala Vasily Kashin bungwe magazi Station ndi madokotala sayansi ammudzi.

Mu 1943, V. Uspensky anabwerera Kalinin, komwe analinganiza chipatala wapadera, amene anadutsa ana oposa 3,000 anakamba ndi ndege kuchokera kumbuyo mdani. Chipatala ichi ana ankadziwika ngakhale kunja kwa dzikoli. Makamaka utumiki wa Akukwera nsangala anayankha Akazi Clementine Churchill - mkazi wa nduna yaikulu ya ku Britain.

Anamwino diso

M'mabala nkhondo ndi kuvulala diso zimapezeka kambirimbiri. Pakati pa asilikali ovulala ankapatsidwa, nkhani ya chiwerengero chachikulu cha odwala shrapnel ndi chipolopolo mabala a osiyanasiyana mwamphamvu ndipo lifunika opaleshoni. Only mu zipatala Saratov panthawi ya nkhondo, madokotala apadera maofesi ophthalmic ndi zipatala za matenda diso zathandiza kuti abwezeretse maso mu 1858 ndi 479 odwala ndiwobvulazidwa.

chopereka yofunika kuti pakhale njira chithandizo nkhondo pamene diso choipa, komanso matenda ndi mankhwala kuvulala diso pa m'chipatala ndi ndodo ya Dipatimenti ndi Clinic wa pochiza matenda a maso anatsogoleredwa ndi Pulofesa I. A. Belyaevym. Saratov madokotala pa World nkhondo II kwambiri bwino matenda ndiponso mankhwala a matenda yotupa diso, mu tsiku lililonse la ophthalmologists kutengera umisiri watsopano.

Kodi vuto ndi kuchepa kwa mankhwala

zachipatala ungwazi pa Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo ndipo unawonekera mu kumbuyo. Dziko kunachitika kuchepa pachimake cha mankhwala, choncho ntchito inali kutsitsimutsa makampani opanga mankhwala, kwakukulukulu unawonongedwa ndi chiyambi cha nkhondo. Pa yochepa yobereka mankhwala anakwanitsa kukhazikitsa.

Izi anali ntchito ndi:

• Kupita ambiri mwa makampani ogulitsa mankhwala-mankhwala ku Central Asia. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti chilengedwe cha gulu kum'mawa kwa mankhwala ndi mankhwala mafakitale, zomwe walanda katundu waukulu kupereka mankhwala njira.
• M'mayiko kuthandiza odana ndi lopondereza bloc. Cooperation analola kuti phiri khwekhwe amphamvu kuti amasulidwe streptotsida, Sulfidine ndi sulfazola, ethyl mankhwala enaake ndi koloko pharmacopoeia.
• Reorientation a makampani mabizinesi sanali pachimake. Kunja kwa vuto la kuchepa kwa Mavalidwe anathandiza fakitale makampani nsalu, amene anayamba kutulutsa gauze zachipatala. Komanso, mabizinezi ambiri makampani mankhwala anayamba kupulumutsa azaumoyo mankhwala ampoule: zikuwonjezereka masiku ano, tiyi kapena khofi, shuga, morphine, ndi pantopon ena.
• M'MALO chofunika asatayike mankhwala. Only m'chaka cha 1942 yakhala anasonkhana matani pafupifupi 50 a mitundu makumi atatu mphambu zisanu ndi mankhwala a zitsamba. Asayansi kulengedwanso njira m'malo a zachipatala thonje ubweya mu peat Moss, sphagnum Moss ndi Oil ali kumiza mafuta m'malo miyambo ndi mkungudza zinayamba kusowa.

Development wa mankhwala atsopano

Madokotala aakazi nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse anapanga zopereka kwambiri kuti chitukuko cha mankhwala atsopano kwambiri zothandiza. A yojambula kwambiri anali kupeza gulu la asayansi Soviet anatsogoleredwa ndi Pulofesa Z. V. Ermolevoy zitsanzo woyamba wa penicillin. Kafukufukuyo imachitika Ermoleva kuphunzira mmene achire wa mankhwala atsopano "Penicillin krustozin VIEM" mu mabala ndi mavuto chilonda mu chipatala m'munda, pafupi kunkhondo, mu zipatala za kumbuyo.

Chapakati Institute of Epidemiology ndi Microbiology, yemwe walunjika ndi Professor MK Krontovskaya, katswiri njira ya ulimi katemera Nthenda yofanana ndi tayifodi. Commissariat anthu a USSR anazindikira kuti chida champhamvu polimbana Nthenda yofanana ndi tayifodi inali mkati pa nthawiyo, ndipo anaganiza ntchito seramu latsopano pamlingo waukulu.

Kupezeka Scientific zofunika dziko anali kukula kwa wantchito wa Institute Leningrad wa magazi, Professor G. L. Bogomolov njira amaundana-kuyanika wa madzi. Iye anali ndi mwayi osadziwa gulu la magazi anavulala kuika mlingo waukulu wa mankhwala otchedwa "youma plasma" kwa woperekayo. Mu njira imeneyi magazi mwiniwake kuika ali n'kukhala ngati ufa umene kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali natengedwa bwino.

ft anamwino

Pa WWII kufunika anamwino lafika poipa. Malinga ndi Tax Health wopalidwa ubwenzi maphunziro inapita kwa ogwira ntchito. Mpaka 1945 ICRC waphunzitsa oposa 500,000 orderlies zachipatala, anamwino 300,000, oposa 170 000 madokotala. Kuyang'ana imfa mu nkhope, iwo molimba mtima anasamutsa molasidwa kuchokera kunkhondo ndipo athandizeni.

Mukhoza kulankhula za ntchito zozizwitsa, kuyang'ana pa tsogolo la anamwino Battalion Asilikali Ekaterina Demina. Mwana wa kunyumba ana, iye anatumikira pa bolodi zachipatala "Red Moscow" imene kukanyamula ovulala ku Stalingrad kuti Krasnovodsk. Moyo kumbuyo iye mwamsanga wotopa, Catherine zokhala namwino 369 osiyana battalion wa Asilikali. Poyamba, paratroopers anatenga mtsikana ozizira, koma iye anapambana ulemu. Pakuti nthawi zonse Catherine anapulumutsa miyoyo ya oposa 100 anavulazidwa, kuwonongedwa 50 achifasizimu, ndipo iye anali 3 ndiwobvulazidwa. E. I. Deminu ananenera mphoto zambiri.

Mu Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World Red Cross ali athana ndi kuphunzira mofulumira anamwino ndi orderlies, ndi wodzipereka, kukoma mtima ndi chikondi kwa Lathu anathandiza anthu ogwira ntchito zachipatala kupereka anavulazidwa achire ndi kubwerera kutsogolo. Motero, kuchita zonse zotheka kuti apambane.

afterword

madokotala Soviet mu Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, ntchito zodabwitsa, kuvala mapazi ozimitsa ovulala. Malinga ndi kafukufuku ku zipatala wathu mu dongosolo ndi zobwezerezedwanso oposa 70% anavomereza mankhwala. Mwachitsanzo: dokotala German anali wokhoza kubwerera kwa asilikali, okha 40% ovulala.