Naval Nkhondo ya Cape Kaliakra: history, zotsatira ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

The bulu Russian wakhala wotchuka chifukwa cha kuphunzira kwawo. Mndandanda wa kunkhondo wamkulu - Nkhondo ya Cape Kaliakra. Izo zinachitika pa Chirasha Turkey nkhondo. Pamene ife kukumbukira nkhondo panyanja ku Cape Kaliakra, nkhani amatenga ife kale, ndipo ife tokha mu 1791.

asilikali ochepa

Kumvetsa mmene wofuna chinali kugonjetsa athu, tiyenera kukhala ndi lingaliro la mphamvu mdani ziwanda. Pa kutaya wa Captain Pasha Hussein anali 18 zombo 43 ang'onoang'ono chotengera wachokera ku Algeria, Tripolitania, Tunisia ndi Constantinople. Zombo lonse inkakhala zombo 16, scorers awiri, frigates awiri ndi 19 ziwiya zing'onozing'ono. Mutu Nkhondo ya Cape Kaliakra mkulu F. F.Ushakov.

Musanayambe kupanga amasiya, asilikali Turkey adanyamuka ulendo kudutsa Nyanja Black. Mu June, ndi zombo za adani anaonekera pa gombe la Crimea pafupi Balaklava. Popanda kudziwa za zimene zachitika Anapa Russian, Turkey zombo anapita zimenezo. Komabe, kuonetsetsa kuti mzinda otanganidwa, ine ndinabwerera. M'mwezi womwewo, panali nkhondo pa Danube, pamene asilikali Turkey anagonjetsedwa. Koma mdani zombo alibe chiyembekezo chilichonse cha chigonjetso. Sitima yawo ndi nambala yaikulu anthu kuchokera 800 mpaka 1,500 pa chilichonse. Turkey ankaganiza kuti sitimayo, osati zida zankhondo.

Chiyambi cha nkhondo

Adani inagona mozungulira gombe Rumelian pafupi Varna. Ushakov Izi lipoti nzeru, ndipo anaganiza kuti atsogolere nkhondo squadron wake. N'zovuta kulingalira kuti masiku ochepa patsogolo zombo wathu analephera kupita ku nyanja. Mwina kuchedwa kumeneku kwathandiza Russian kukhala mu malo oyenera pa nthawi yoyenera. Ndiyeno chifukwa cha kusowa okwanira ndi kupanda maphunziro a zombo zingapo. zokhudza kumene zombo adani komanso silinakwaniritsidwe analandira. asilikali Turkey kunali kulakwa kuti iwo sanathe kudziwa pasadakhale kuti mdani ikuyenda mwa malangizo awo. Ngati iwo atuma kulondera chombo, Nkhondo ya Cape Kaliakra sakanakhoza kutenga malo. Komanso zombo mdani anali alimbane pamodzi gombe ndi kuukira kwa mbali iwo sanayembekezere poganiza kuti mokwanila kutetezedwa.

lachinyengo kuzemba

Asilikali Ushakov kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi modzidzimutsa. Iye anatumiza squadron wake pakati pa gombe ndi zombo za mdani. Komanso, Russian anali limodzi ndi mphepo. Nkhondo ya Cape Kaliakra Isimaeli anayamba ndi chinthu kuukira, chimene chinapangitsa mantha zombo mdani. Ndipotu, ngakhale mfuti zawo chachikulu inatembenuzidwira kwa nyanja, kutanthauza kuti oyendetsa sanathe azibwezera. Mkulu wa zombo Turkey analamula zombo wake kupanga mu mzere wa nkhondo. Komabe, mchitidwe anapatsidwa kwa iwo si kophweka. Atumiza zombo, amalinyero a zombo Turkey anayamba kudula zingwe. Nthawi kuyesera kukatenga anangula iwo sanatero. Komanso, pang'onopang'ono ankamangidwanso, zombo za adani anakumana zina, kuchititsa kuwonongeka kwa wina ndi mnzake: womwetula wa matanga, anathyola zida.

mdani sadzapita

zombo Algeria anathamanga asilikali Seyit Ali, amene analonjeza kuti abweretse Turkey Sultan "Usak Pasha." Motsogozedwa wake, iwo anayesa kutsina zombo otsogolera Russian apanyanja. mchitidwe uwu anamuona asilikali Ushakov, amene anali m'ngalawamo amatchedwa "Khirisimasi." Pa iyo, iye anamaliza sitima Algeria ndi kupha iye. Pa osiyanasiyana pafupi mdani chombo anali zinawonongeka lolemera, anagogoda osemphana-topmast ndi waukulu-topsail pabwalo. Algeria anabwerera, koma kulimbanako anapitiriza ndi amalinyero pa bolodi "Khirisimasi" amunamuna nkhondo anapitiriza amakoka mdani kuthawa. Nyanja nkhondo kuchokera Cape Kaliakra inatenga maola atatu.

Zimene zinachitika

kugonjetsedwa kwa zombo Turkey chinali chopanda malire. Komabe, mphepo yamphamvu, anathandiza Russian, pamene panali nkhondo ku Cape Kaliakra, ndime, ndipo nthawi zimenezi zinathandiza kuti adani kuthawa. Komabe, pamene iwo anatumizidwa ku Bosporus, amafotokozera ukubwerezedwa, ndi zina zotengera analephera kubwerera ku oyimitsira lapansi. Iwo anapita pansi. Zombo Turkey anavutika kwambiri. Only pa flagship ya sitimayo Algeria anaphedwa ndi anthu 450 unalasidwa, anatsala pang'ono kumira. Russian anataya okwana anthu 17 anaphedwa ndipo 27 anavulazidwa chombo chidali pafupifupi munthu kuwonongeka umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndipo iwo sadatha msanga vutolo.

Chifukwa ife anapambana

Kumene, Ushakov zatenganso mbali yaikulu nkhondo imeneyi. Kukonza maganizo ake kulola nthawi ndipo anapereka anadabwa zomwe n'kofunika kwambiri khalidwe la ntchito ya usilikali. Osati popanda chifukwa chigonjetso iye anali kupereka dongosolo la St. Alexander Nevsky. mchitidwe Chake chimene squadron yathu padutse gombe ndi zombo za mdani, anali yowopsa. Komabe, opambana sapatsidwa. Komanso njira imeneyi ankagwiritsa ntchito asilikali Nelson pa Chirasha French nkhondo, ndipo anachititsanso kuti chigonjetso. Kwambiri akazembe - izi si zokhazo. Kuphunzitsa oyendetsa analinso zofunika kwambiri pamene panali nkhondo ku Cape Kaliakra. Ndipo ndi iwo zakhala zabwino, amene amaloledwa mofulumira kuyankha ndi kusonyeza Adani ndipo pamapeto pake, kupulumutsa miyoyo.

Zotsatira za nkhondo

N'zochititsa chidwi pamene nkhondo kunachitika pa Cape Kaliakra, ndilo tsiku July 31, 1791, ife anasaina preconditions kwa mapeto a mtendere pakati Prince Repnin ndi Grand Vizier. Pa tsiku limeneli, anthu a Constantinople ndinamverera owononga. zombo Kuonongeka maganizo awo anatsimikizira mphekesera zoti Ushakov posachedwapa kufika likulu Turkey. Izi kukakamiza Port mofulumira kusaina m'nyengo ya mtendere. Ngakhale mpaka lero, anali ena kukayikira. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi yakuti kugonjetsedwa kwa Turkey sanafooke kwawo kumenya nkhondo.

Apo ayi, sipakanakhala

Iwo ankafuna kulimbikitsa gulu lake lankhondo ndi m'nyanja, mukupemphedwa kutenga nawo mbali pa nkhondo ku mayiko ena. Kulimbikitsa zombo ake, Turkey ankaganiza kuti apambane mu malo nyanja. Choncho Ushakov analandira malangizo kuukira yekha. General G. Potemkin analemba iye kalata lomwe ananena mwachindunji zimene kuyembekezera chigonjetso cha asilikali. Ushakov sakanakhoza kuchita mosiyana. Rodina uja Adampempha chithandizo, iye anali kupewa ulamuliro wa Turkey mu Nyanja Black. Nkhondo ya Cape Kaliakra anali zikuluzikulu nkhondo, motsogoleredwa zotsatira za nkhondo ndi anabweretsa pafupi ake. Pambuyo nkhondo imeneyi Potemkin ananena kuti Turkey anayamba mantha Russian Ufumu. Izo zikhoza salinso Mufunsidwe. Nkhondo ya Cape Kaliakra, malinga ndi iye, anatsimikizira ulamuliro wa zombo Russian pa gombe la nyanja Black, kuphatikizapo Crimea.

Limodzi likhoza amasirira mtima wathu Black Sea zombo mu masiku a asilikali Ushakov. Ngakhale moyo zasonyeza kuti lero oyendetsa yathu si wolephera chivomerezocho ndi kulimba mtima kuti makolo awo amene anakhala ndi nkhondo Russia m'zaka XVIII.