Fransua Mitteran: yonena, ntchito, nyumba ndi mfundo yachilendo

Fransua Mitteran - 21 TH mutsogoleli wa France, ndipo nthawi yomweyo pulezidenti 4 wa Republic Chachisanu, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ndi Charles de Gaulle. utsogoleri wa dziko kunapezeka kuti motalikitsa mu mbiri ya Republic Chachisanu, ndipo nthawi yomweyo kwambiri maganizo, pamene pendulum m'ndale ankatembenukira kwa sosholisimu kukhala bata owolowa manja.

Kubadwa ndi zaka kuphunzira

Pa nthawi imene Europe akadali watentha yoyamba ya padziko lonse mu 1916, pa October 26 m'tauni ya Jarnac malo Pulezidenti French Fransua Mitteran. Malinga ndi iye, iye anabadwa "mu kukhulupirira Catholic kwambiri" banja. bambo ake anali Jacques Mitterand, ndi mayi wake - I. Lorraine. Mu kwawo ku Jarnac, iye anali zaka 9 zakubadwa, ndipo apa anaphunzira maphunziro ake oyambirira, ndiyeno anapita kwa "Paulo Woyera" - College pokwera ku Angumele. Malowa ndi achinsinsi Catholic bungwe adalipo Kenako anakhala Bachelor ya Philosophy.

Ndili ndi zaka 18 Fransua Mitteran anapita ku Paris kupitiriza maphunziro awo. Apo iye analembetsa pa Sorbonne, kumene anaphunzitsidwa sayansi pamaso 1938. Nditamaliza zidzakhala ngakhale atatu masatifiketi: mapeto a zochitachita philological ndi malamulo a University Sorbonne, ndi School of Sciences Political. Pa maphunziro udzatha ndipo akuyamba moyo wamkulu, koma ngakhale ndiye amayang'ana kupyolera mu mphatso ya zokambirana moyang'ana m'tsogolo, anali kale kuonekera tsogolo pulezidenti Mitteran Fransua. malamulo ake si kuti anakopeka ndi moyo ndi otentha nsangala inalengeza za kudza kwa ulamuliro wa Popular Front mu 1936.

usilikali ndipo nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse mu moyo wa Fransua Mitterana

M'chaka cha 1938, Francois wa dziko. Iye anayamba kutumikira mu 23 Atsamunda oyenda Regiment. Pambuyo Germany anali anabweretsa Wachiwiri World nkhondo, adagwidwa ku chigawo cha Sedan. Mu June 1940, adani a Paris ndi Wehrmacht, Fransua Mitteran, iye anali kwambiri anavulazidwa ndi mabomba shrapnel. Modabwitsa, iye anakwanitsa kutenga kale anagonjetsa Paris, koma posakhalitsa Fransua Mitteran anali mu ukapolo German. Iwo unapangidwa atatu anayeserapo kuthawa, ndi kuti yozizira ya 1941 potsiriza iye anakwanitsa kufika kuthengo ndipo pomwepo agwirizane kulimbikira kuyenda. Pali analandira dzina lakuti "Captain Morlan."

Mu 1942-1943, François anali yogwira chithunzi pa POWs. Ngakhale iye anayambitsa bungwe mobisa ndiponso dziko lawo Union. Chakumapeto 1943, msonkhano woyamba ndi Charles de Gaulle. Mwina inu mwanjira pakati pa iwo anapereka mzere. Fransua Mitteran Koma mosiyana de Gaulle, anali wandale wamng'ono, zokomera, ndi msonkhano woyamba amene anapita naye nkhondo ndi kusagwirizana ndi maganizo ake. Mu 1944 iye anali kalikiliki kumasulidwa kwa France ndi membala wa Paris kugalukira.

ntchito Political mu zaka positi-nkhondo

Utatha wa Nazi Germany Fransua Mitteran anayamba kuthandizapo mwachangu boma zida za Republic French. Iye akupatsa posts oposa khumi wothandiza ndipo anakhala mtsogoleri wa YUDSR phwando. Iye anali Inde odana lopondereza ndi moonekera anadzudzula ndondomeko ndi mphamvu kwambiri ya Charles de Gaulle, ndipo ngakhale analemba bukhu za iye.

kumenyera ufulu pulezidenti

Inasintha ntchito zake zandale anayamba 1965. Nthawi imeneyi anasintha mbiri yake. Fransua Mitteran kwa nthawi yoyamba nawo pa chisankho cha Pulezident. Komabe, mu kubwera kwachiwiri iye anagonjetsedwa, ndipo pulezidenti kwa akuti wachiwiri mpando ndi mavoti de Gaulle. Anapitiriza ntchito zake chitsutso pa mutu wa chitaganya cha kumanzere. Mu 1974, anakumbukira tsoka la 1965 - anataya kuti Valeri Zhiskar d'Estaing mu kubwera kwachiwiri. nthawi yake inali isanafikebe.

Kuyambira nthawi imeneyi, iye sanali tiziwononga nthawi pachabe: anagwira yekha, anali kufunafuna njira zina ndi kulenga migwirizano yandale yatsopano, zinthu zosiyanasiyana pomenyera monga zobisika ndi lotseguka. Ambiri, ndi kale ukalamba anali si chopinga. Ndipotu, pa nthawi imeneyo (1974) anali kale ndi zaka 60, ndipo iye anali tangoyamba kusangalala zigonjetso ndale, koma kulephera alibe kukhumudwa. Choncho, wotsatira ku chisankho cha 1981, iye anayamba kukonza kale lonse.

4 Pulezidenti wa Republic Chachisanu

Mu 1981, mu January, pa Congress wa SAF (French Socialist Party), anali pamodzi asankha monga phungu wa Pulezidenti chisankho chotsatira. Zinali ola lake abwino. 4 Pulezidenti wa Republic Chachisanu anali Fransua Mitteran, mfundo zoweta ndi achilendo kuti ngakhale dzina wapadera - "mitteranizm". Umalemekeza ntchito Francois mapulezidenti ena anali kuti, pokhala olimbikira odana ndi chikominisi, mu ndondomeko wake, anadalira pa iwo munjira ina iliyonse, osati kamodzi anachita anzake.

mfundo zoweta

Mu chifukwa mu boma Fransua Mitteran tinayamba kuchititsa kusintha. ntchito yake ikuchitika ndi Boma kuchepetsa sabata ntchito, kuchepa kwa zaka penshioni, a siyana mphamvu. Pamene Mitterrand Makonsolo ndi mphamvu kwambiri, motero 'ufulu dzanja "polimbana ndi mavuto ambiri. Ichi ndi funso limene anam'patsa mtendere mu ulamuliro wa Charles de Gaulle ndi Mitterrand zambiri anali amawanena kuti mphamvu kwambiri ndi manja a munthu. Komanso, chilango cha imfa linathetsedwa. France pa nkhani anali omaliza a m'mayiko onse Western European. Komabe, kuyambira 1984 boma chabwerera kwa zoyezera "austerity" ndi opanda kusintha zinthu zina.

Kuyambira mu 1986, anayamba nthawi otchedwa. "Coexistence" moti pulezidenti zinthu pamodzi ndi mutu lamanja la boma, amene anasonyeza kuti Zhak Shirak.

Mu 1988, chifukwa akuti wachiwiri anali mpando ndi mavoti Fransua Mitteran. mfundo zake mkati sichinasinthe: izo anathandiza chikominisi, anapita kukambirana ndi mphamvu ya kudzanja phiko ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo alibe alephere kumanzere, amene amadziwika ngati skilful ndi wamasomphenya wandale amene agwira m'munda umenewu.

The mfundo yachilendo ya Fransua Mitterana

Pafupifupi zaka zonse utsogoleri wake, anakakamizika kugawana ndi mphamvu kumanja phiko nduna zazikulu. mfundo yachilendo Mitterrand nawonso akupereka ganizo la akuyendetsa pakati pa lamanzere ndi lamanja-phiko mphamvu. Makamaka, iye analimbikitsa kulimbitsa ubale ndi United States, Germany, ndipo kenako ku United Germany ndipo, ndithudi, ndi Russia. Fransua Mitteran anali oyamba kuthandiza Boris Yeltsin pa zokhumba za. Koma ngakhale pamaso pa zochitika za August 1991, anali kugwira ntchito mogwirizana ndi Soviet Union. Komanso, Francois kuimba patsogolo mgwirizano ndi maiko African.

Mu 1981, Fransua Mitteran anapambana chigonjetso chachikulu - anakhala pulezidenti wa France, koma chaka chomwecho, anamuuza linanso "anadabwa" - Iye atapezeka Oncology. zaka cha ulamuliro wake, iye anapita pamodzi ndi khansa prostate. Mitterrand anamenya nkhondo otsiriza. Mu 1995 anamaliza Pulezidenti wake wachiwiri yokhala pa nchito ndi pa Khirisimasi iye ndi banja lake anali kupita ku Iguputo. Koma mu January 8, 1996-TH, 79 TH chaka, 21 TH mutsogoleli wa France Fransua Mitteran analowa mu dziko lina. Chidwi ndale, ndi chikondi cha dziko, anakwaniritsa ndi moyo wake wonse si lalifupi.