Principate in Ancient Rome - chimene chiri kuti?

Principate in Ancient Rome - ichi ndi nthawi yapadera mu mbiri ya ufumu wake oyambirira, chimene chinafika kwa 1st m'ma BC. e. m'zaka za m'ma 3 BC. e. wolamulira wa mphamvu mu lothandiza anapatsidwa Chili mbali ya mafumu ndi mabwalo. Mutu wa State ankatchedwa princeps, T. E. The woyamba pakati wao sunganyemeke. Choncho, anatsindika chikhalidwe demokalase mphamvu zake. Iye analinso ankamuona ngati Tribune ya anthu, motero polumikiza pankhope panu ntchito zingapo ndi mphamvu.

Yambani kulembetsa

Principate in Ancient Rome - ndi mtundu wapadera wa boma, amene maziko anayakira Yuliy Tsezar. Komabe, kukhazikitsidwa otsiriza boma kunayamba ulamuliro wa nthawi m'malo mwake Octavian Augustus. Ngakhale mu 1 m'ma BC. e. mabungwe Republican asiya zosoŵa za kwambiri kuchuluka mphamvu. Ngakhale panali mzinda-polis, demokalase akuluakulu kuwunika mosavuta ndi ulamuliro Komabe, pamene anayamba kupanga ufumu, mabungwe awa si kupirira ntchito zawo. Principate in Ancient Rome - izi ndi nyengo Transitional pakati pa mabwalo ndi mafumu autocratic. chakuti Kaisara sanayese n'komwe yomweyo liquidate wakale mabungwe Republican ndipo analenga m'malo mwa mawonekedwe a dongosolo kulamulira, omwe anali okalamba mbali makonzedwe, koma pa nthawi yomweyo kunathandiza kulimbitsa mphamvu ya akulamulira yekha.

mbali ya Republic

Pamene zatsopano dongosolo zinasungidwa za ulamuliro akale. Mwachitsanzo, akadali msonkhano pagulu. Mu lingaliro ili mu sayansi anasonyeza kusonkhana onse akulu akuku ndikhudze zinthu zofunika kwambiri ndale. Mu nthawi ya mabwalo akale kupita mitundu yambiri ya misonkhano: propertied, lolemera ndipo ambiri, popanda malamulo alionse. Principate in Ancient Rome - uyu ndi gawo kuti wateteza bungwe yofunika imeneyi, koma anataya phindu pa nthawi imeneyi. Komanso, iwo anati, katangale ndi ziphuphu ndipo ngakhale nkhanza alangizi a.

Senate ndi kachirombo

amazilamulira yofunikayi bwino anasunga, koma mphamvu yake tsopano okha. Mchitidwe wa mamembala ake anachepetsedwa chokha chakuti amavomereza malamulo wochokera mutu wa boma. Choncho anayamba kuyang'ana yosiyana Ancient Rome. ukulu nthawi pafupifupi zasintha complexion yake yandale, ngakhale kuteteza mwina dongosolo akale. Tsopano Senate anali kokha msonkhano wa akuluakulu a wakale mabanja patrician lotsogoledwa ndi mfumu yekha, amene woyamba pakati pawo. Pansi Diocletian, bungwe lolamulira chaperekedwa ku bwalo la milandu mumzinda, ndipo pansi Constantine analengedwa ndi seneti wachiwiri likulu latsopano, anapatsidwanso ufulu wofanana ndi akalewo. Choncho, chimodzi cha zifanizo lofunika kwambiri la Republic Old anasiya phindu lake utsogoleri.

kukonza August

andale ukulu mu Roma anayamba kusintha chakumayambiriro kwa 1st m'ma BC. e. - zana la 1 BC. e. Choncho, anakhala wolamulira wa Senate thupi zakonosoveschatelnogo mu thupi malamulo. chakuti mfumu yatsopano kwambiri anasonyeza kudzipereka kwawo ku boma lakale pofuna kukopa kwake pakati pa anthu ndi kumapangitsanso mthupi mwawo. Ufulu mongoganiza malamulo amakhalabe oweruza. The Senate anapitiriza ntchito milandu, ngakhale mfundo mphamvu zonse chachikulu m'dera limeneli lili kwa mfumu. Choncho, pang'onopang'ono mabwalo mu ufumu anatembenuka Ancient Rome. Kumayambiriro Ufumu (Principate anali mbali yake yoyamba) akhalebe maonekedwe a dongosolo lakale demokalase.

thupi latsopano

Wolamulira kwenikweni kutaya muzochitika zones za boma, ngakhale mawu kwambiri anatsindika kufunika kuteteza ya Senate. Komabe, mmene thupi ili lolamulira wataya kufunika kwake, umboni ndi chakuti pansi Augustus anapanga latsopano chenjezo thupi - Bungwe la princeps lapansi. Ntchito yake inali kukonzekera ntchito zosiyanasiyana, omwe kenako anagonjera kwa kulingalira kwa Senate ndi chizindikiro cha kuvomereza dongosolo ndi mfumu, amene limatanthauza kufunika atiyanje. malangizo amenewa anapita osankhidwa senators, nthumwi nthumwi za oweruza. Mu '13 BC. e. Kapangidwe thupi kakusintha kusintha malangizo a kulimbitsa ufumu, monga ena a anthu ake alandira udindo wa alangizi wolamulira moyo wonse ndi kusankha analandira mphamvu ya malamulo.

Senate kusintha zikuchokera

Dongosolo boma la Roma wakale pa ukulu wa lasintha kwambiri malangizo a kuwonjezera mphamvu la mfumu. August anaganiza kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha senators, chiwerengero cha anthu chomwe kwambiri ndi ulamuliro wa akalambula wake. Mu 29 CE. e. anaikidwa m'Chibama kwa akuluakulu ndi zichotsedwa m'manja izi zazikulu za anthu 200. Izi sakanakhoza koma kupeputsa udindo wa nyumba ya Senate, ndi wofooka kwambiri pambuyo mphamvu ake udzachepetsedwa. Mfumu patapita kanthawi chepetse chiwerengero cha quaestors pofuna kupewa updating winanso wa Senate.

kusintha zina

Kuwonjezera zonsezi, mu August adakula katundu choyenereza kuti udindo wa Kazembe. Iye anasintha dongosolo quorum. Kuyambira amakhazikitsa ena chiwerengero cha anthu, ndiponso chifukwa chosowa ndalama mkulu kuyamba aliyense gawo mtundu. Iye anayesetsa kusintha kupezeka Senate, koma iye sanali kusamalira kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo. Koma mwina kusintha chofunika kwambiri chinali chakuti chifukwa cha chiyembekezo chakuti a malo censors unakhala moyo wonse udindo senators. Zimenezi zinachititsa chakuti kapangidwe kake salinso tidzasinthidwa ndi kusinthidwa, amene anathandiza kuti kukokoloka kwa kukopa kwake pa anthu Roma ndi zinathandiza mphamvu la mfumu. Last anawaletsa kusiya dziko, amenenso zimasokoneza ntchito zawo. Choncho, pansi Augustus zimakhudza Senate pa mfundo yachilendo, kasamalidwe ndi gawo ndalama wofooka kwambiri.

Kulimbikitsa mphamvu ya mfumu

Pakuti nthawi ya principate in Ancient Rome, yodziwika ndi lolimbikitsa pang'onopang'ono za malo wolamulira wamkulu. Iye anayamba chuma chake, ndi kuyambira pamenepo kuutaya momasuka popanda nawo Senate. Komanso, Senators anataya chotenga mbali kale mu mapangidwe a asilikali. Mwachitsanzo, kumayambiriro kwa 1st m'ma BC. e. m'zigawo anali Legiyo umodzi wokha wa asilikali zonse, pamene Octavian akhoza kuthandizapo poika atsogoleri, ndi ziwanga awo. Principate ndi Dominat ku Roma - ndi zinthu ziwiri mu mbiri ya ufumu State. Pakuti nthawi zonse amakhala ndi lolimbikitsa mwapang'onopang'ono Mafumu. Change akukonza ndondomeko ya chisankho cha oweruza. Poyamba, kazembe monga maudindo awa a kumbali yawo, ndi kutsitsidwa kwa iye anthu osafunika. Kenako anayamba kusankha anthu, ndi anthu wavomerezedwa. Iwo inatha monga mfundo zonse zimene mfumu inali chabe anaika akuluakulu kuti kuchichepetsa boma. Komabe, anapulumutsidwa plebiscites - voti pa ndalama.

mphamvu pa August

Poyamba, tinayesetsa kuganizira udindo wofunika kwambiri ndiponso mphamvu mu manja awo. Kotero, iye ankaganiza mphamvu wamkulu zigawo (udindo maufumu), komanso mphamvu mokwanira waukulu likulu (mutu wa Tribune). Augustus anali woyamba amene analumikizana mwa munthu wake malo awiri, monga olamulira amphamvu kwambiri pamaso pake ntchito mphamvu yekha opondereza. Nthawi Principate akuwapondereza ku Roma - awa ndi magawo awiri ofunika a ufumuwo. Poyamba, kazembe anakhala akulamulira yekha oyang'anira zigawo. Iye limanenanso udindo wofunika kwambiri State kazembe, mpando ndi mavoti chaka. Senate anamasulidwa yekha mkulu wa review milandu. August anasangalala mphamvu zonse za Tribune ya anthu, amene anam'patsa kuti malamulo ndi veto zochita atengedwa kale. luso china chofunika, kusonyeza kulimbitsa mphamvu lachifumu - kupereka ndi ufulu kupeza chikhululukiro mlandu basi mfumu, kuti Assembly Anthu, lomwe kale.

Vuto la motsatizana

The downside mfumu ya latsopanoli udindo wa woika m'malo a. Popeza nthawi ukulu wolamulira sanali mtumiki yekha wa mphamvu wamkulu, iye sakanakhoza anaika m'malo mwake. Funso ili makamaka pachimake kale pa Octavian, amene sanathe kusankha m'malo a. Poyamba, phungu chachikulu chinali mphwake ndi mwana mu Marcellus. Komabe, iye anamwalira, ndipo atafa Augustus, mphamvu ankadutsa stepson wake, mfumu Tiberius.

Kupita ukulu mu Dominat

Pang'ono ndi mphamvu ya mfumu walimbikitsa mwakuti iye potsiriza anataya Senate otsala mphamvu. Principate anapanga pansi Diocletian. Kuyambira pamenepo, mfumu yekha malamulo, musankhe ndi akuluakulu ena. Komabe, ukulu anapitiriza kuchotsako: mabungwe akale nthawi zina anapitiriza bwinobwino. Makamaka zimenezi zikugwira ntchito kwa woweruza, amene Koma tsopano chabe mutu aulemu osatinso udindo mu moyo ndale za anthu Roma. Komabe, tisaiwale pano kuti, ngakhale kukhazikitsidwa kwa mphamvu mbwee mfumu, kutsatizana Sichinatsitsidwe anakhazikitsa mpaka kumapeto. Mavuto a motsatizana wofanana. Choncho Principate mu mbiri Roma - ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa kusintha kwa mabwalo akale ufumuwo. Kusintha kumeneku anapangidwa zikomo ndi sabweretsa chisoni mbali kwa mfundo skilful wa Octavian, amene mu ufumu wake, anatha kusunga mwambo Republican ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo kulimbitsa mphamvu zake.