State dongosolo. Concept. Main hvidy dongosolo boma

State dongosolo - lingaliro samasowa mu malamulo oyendetsera dziko, kuwapatsa iwo amene timapangira tanthauzo. tanthawuzo chimakwirira ndizosowa boma zida ndi anthu, gulu la mphamvu, yodziwika ndi asapita ndale, udindo munthu, maziko a wodzilamulira m'munda (ngati alipo), boma akuluakulu dongosolo, zomwe zili mu Malamulo oyendetsera dziko.

Malinga ndi ena olemba, mfundo "kukhazikika" ndi zofanana kwa mizere ya malamulo.

Mawonekedwe chipangizo ndi dera lawo bungwe dongosolo la dziko ndi kugawa yoyenera mphamvu pakati pa mayiko a m'dera lawo ndi pakati boma.

Boma likhoza ndi dongosolo losavuta kapena zovuta. Ndi zazing'ono ngati n'kotheka, mwachitsanzo, monga Bulgaria, Poland, dziko la Belarus. Mayiko amenewa alibe ulamuliro ndipo sangakhale chinthu ubale mfundo yachilendo.

Zovuta titchedwe boma mgwirizano wa mabungwe osiyana, amene anali ndi zizindikilo zonse statehood, kuphatikizapo, ndi ulamuliro. Mu gawo ili la ufulu odzilamulira mbali dziko dongosolo zinkapita akuluakulu chapakati apamwamba mwaufulu.

The mitundu ikuluikulu ya dongosolo amati:

1. Kapangidwe unitary a dziko. Dongosolo boma la mtundu ndi zina kwa Portugal, Denmark. M'mayikowa, gulu la gawo ikuchitika yekha kumabungwe si anapatsidwa ulamuliro. Okhumudwa, pali Constitution chimodzi chokha, dongosolo la ndalama, kapangidwe ka boma ndi malamulo. M'mayiko Unitary mwina matabwa ake, mabungwe yoyenda yokha, zinthu payekha federalism (zina, mawonekedwe amenewa amatchedwa "regionalist"). Mwachitsanzo, amakhala ndi tanthauzo yamasika, kungachititse Italy. Mu dziko lino pali zigawo makumi awiri ogaŵikana zigawo (m'madera a nsonga opaleshoni, kuchita utsogoleri, malamulo ndi zina).

2. The boma dongosolo boma amadziwika dziko, ndi mgwirizano umene nzika zake (zinthu constituent) ndi maphunziro ndi zizindikiro za boma. mbali zikuphatikizapo malamulo, kapangidwe ka mphamvu ya boma, ndi zina zotero. Pa nthawi yomweyo boma la madera komanso mabungwe, komanso dongosolo mphamvu ya dziko (apolisi, asilikali) ndi phunziro kwa onse boma.

Federation kungakhale Kupititsa - Pankhaniyi, mbali yaikulu ya dzikoli lagawidwa m'zigawozigawo. dongosolo la boma ali ndi United States.

The Federation angakhale mayiko - mu nkhani iyi, kulekanitsa ku dziko chinachitika malinga ndi mafuko okhala m'madera ena. Chotero chipangizo ali Yugoslavia.

Komanso, chitaganya akhoza kukhala national Kupititsa (wosanganiza) kapangidwe, monga RF a.

3. Ufumu ndi mwachilungamo lalikulu ndi zovuta boma, akulumikiza anthu a m'mayiko ena, kapena chifukwa cha kulamulira, kupambana, ndi ena. Kapangidwe Izi zachokera kukakamiza ndiponso zachiwawa. Ufumu limaphwasuka kusandulika pa mofulumira awo (monga chinachitika ndi Aroma, Russian Ufumu).

Poganizira funso la nyumba boma, iyenera kumveketsedwa, ndi chinthu chotero monga "chitaganya". chipangizo anati amakhala ngati mgwirizano yaufulu wa mayiko kubwera pamodzi kuti mukwaniritse zolinga zofanana Mwachitsanzo, ku usilikali, chuma kapena ndale dera. Zina chitaganya zinthu (mabungwe) kusunga maufulu awo onse (mayiko odzilamulira). Mayiko alibe gawo wamba, nzika, malamulo, ndalama dongosolo, malamulo machitidwe a misonkho. Chitaganya cha kukhalapo imayendetsedwa ndi zopereka anthu ake.