Chikhalidwe thupi la nyenyezi. nyenyezi A wobadwa

Space - nyenyezi ndi maiko, magulu a nyenyezi, ndi nebulae - chachikulu chachinsinsi dziko, kumvetsa kuti kalelo anthu akufuna. Choyamba, nyenyezi, zakuthambo, ndiye anafuna kudziŵa malamulo loyenda pa thambo ake a moyo. Lero tikhoza kunena kuti tikudziwa kwambiri, koma gawo chidwi wa njira ndi zochitika ali yekha momveka Wonenedwa. Chikhalidwe thupi la nyenyezi - mmodzi wa nkhani Ambiri lafotokozedwa zakuthambo. Lero, chithunzithunzi chonse ndi bwino Komabe, kukhala mipata kuti tadziŵa zakuthambo.

osawerengeka

nyenyezi iliyonse ndi mpweya zibaluni, zonse limatulutsa kuwala. Yokoka ndi kuthamanga mkati kuteteza uwonongedwe. Chikhalidwe thupi la nyenyezi ndi chotero kuti matumbo ake nthawi zonse zimachitika zochita nyukiliya. Iwo kusiya kokha pa magawo ena a chitukuko cha zounikira, amene ayankhidwa pansipa.

Mu zinthu zabwino nyengo ndiponso kusapezeka kwa kuwala yokumba kumwamba Tingaone kuti 3000 zikwi nyenyezi iliyonse Chigawo. Komabe, ili ndi mbali yaing'ono chabe ya ndalama mukumveka danga. Nyenyezi pafupi ndi ife - ndi dzuwa. Mwa kuphunzira khalidwe lake, asayansi aphunzira zambiri zokhudza zakuthambo ambiri. Nyenyezi wapafupi kunja dongosolo lathu dzuwa - Proxima Centauri. Iwo kunatimwazanisa na za 4.2 kuwala zaka.

magawo

The sayansi nyenyezi tsopano zokwanira kudziwa mmene zimakhudza zamoyo wa chikhalidwe chawo chachikulu. Magawo zofunika kwambiri kuwala kulikonse ndi misa ndi zikuchokera. Amasankha nthawi ya kukhalapo, makamaka ndime ya magawo osiyana ndi makhalidwe ena onse, monga zosiyanasiyana, kukula, luster. Komabe, chifukwa mtunda lalikulu kunatimwazanisa na nyenyezi zonse kuposa Sun, Sizotheka kupeza deta yeniyeni pa iwo.

kulemera

Zinthu zamakono za kudziwa zambiri kapena zochepa yeniyeni pa unyinji wa nyenyezi akhoza analandira ngati iwo ali ndi anzawo a dongosolo bayinare. Komabe anapezazo izi kudzipereka ndi zolondola mokwanira mkulu - 20 mpaka 60%. Pakuti misa zina la nyenyeziyo masamu zina. linanena bungwe ake ku ubale osiyanasiyana yodziwika (mwachitsanzo, misa - luminosity).

Chikhalidwe thupi la nyenyezi ndi kusintha chizindikiro ichi akanali yemweyo, koma njira ambiri amayamba kuyenda mu ndege yosiyaniranapo. Misa likukhudza matenthedwe ndi makina bwino lonse thupi dziko. Ikuluikulu ndi kwambiri, kuthamanga kwa mpweya ndi kutentha pakati pa nyenyezi, komanso kuchuluka kwa kwaiye maphatikizidwe mphamvu. Kukhala mgwirizano matenthedwe kuwala ayenera zimatulutsa ngati mmene unakhazikitsidwa mu kuya. Kuti tichite zimenezi, kusintha m'mimba mwake la nyenyeziyo. asinthire adzapitiriza mpaka osati kukhazikitsa mitundu onse a mgwirizano.

mipweya

Maziko a nyenyezi - hydrogen ndi helium. Pambali zikuchokera zikuphatikizapo chiŵerengero osiyana ndi zinthu ankawonjezereka. "Full akonzedwa kuti" m'badwo ndipo m'badwo nyale, anafotokozapo chuma ena.

Chiwerengero cha zinthu ankawonjezereka ndi yaing'ono kwambiri, koma bwanji mlingo wa zosayembekezereka ya maphatikizidwe. mathamangitsidwe ake ndi deceleration amakhudza kuwala, mtundu ndi moyo nyale. Chidziwitso cha mankhwala zikuchokera nyenyezi zikhale zosavuta kudziwa nthawi mapangidwe ake.

nyenyezi A wobadwa

The ndondomeko ya kupanga kuwala akadali bwino anamvetsa. A bwinobwino pa chithunzi kusokoneza kutalika chachikulu ndi ndikosatheka chidwi mwachindunji. Koma masiku ano, pali lingaliro wamba amene akufotokoza za kubadwa kwa nyenyezi. Mwachidule pa izo.

Zikuoneka kuwala opangidwa kuchokera interstellar mpweya kuchepa pansi yokoka yake. Pankhaniyi, mphamvu yokoka ndi n'kukhala kutentha - kutentha chikamakula anapanga globules. Zimenezi anamaliza pamene pakati ndi usavutike miliyoni angapo Kelvin ndi kuyamba mapangidwe yolemera kuposa zinthu haidrojeni (nucleosynthesis). nyenyezi wotere imakhala mokwanira nthawi yaitali, atagona pa ndondomeko yoyamba ya chithunzi HR-Russell.

wofiira chimphona

Siteji yotsatira kusanduka lidzayamba pambuyo pa kutopa a ngale mafuta. Onse haidrojeni pakati pa nyenyezi mu helium ndi kuyaka akupitiriza akunja zipolopolo nyale. thupi akunja wayamba kusintha. Kuwonjezeka luminosity ake, zigawo akunja kukuza ndi mkati, m'malo mwake, wothinikizidwa, mongoyembekezera yafupika kuwala, pamwamba kutentha amagwa. Star masamba akuyambira waukulu ndipo wofiira chimphona. Mmenemonso, kuwala amathera nthawi zochepa miyoyo yawo kuposa mu gawo m'mbuyomu.

inasinthiratu

Posachedwapa (miyezo danga) pachimake akuyamba kutenga kachiwiri, osati komabe thupi yake. Kuwonjezeka kutentha pamene kumapangitsa kaphatikizidwe chiyambi cha helium zinthu ankawonjezereka. Star mafuta amenewa angathe kupulumuka nthawi yokwanira. Kodi chimachitika lotsatira zimadalira magawo choyambirira cha kuwala. nyenyezi chachikulu pochitika magawo angapo, pamene mafuta imayamba kuoneka woyamba mpweya (anapangidwa kuchokera helium) kenako pakachitsulo (anapangidwa kuchokera mpweya). Chifukwa processing yotsirizira aumbike mwa chitsulo. Pa nthawi imeneyi pakubwera chomaliza moyo nyenyezi pamene akhoza lidzasinthidwa nyutironi a. Komabe, ambiri a kuwala pambuyo kuwotcha wa hydrogen onse wofiira chimphona kukhota mu atumiki woyera.

Si choncho latsopano

Tikumbukenso kuti si nyenyezi yowala mwadzidzidzi linawala kumwamba, ndi "wakhanda". Monga ulamuliro, otchedwa variable - kuwala, lomwe kunyezimira zimasiyanasiyana ndi nthawi. Zinthu amatchulidwa mu zakuthambo monga "nyenyezi yatsopano", komanso simuli matupi chabe anaonekera. Amatanthauza zosintha chomvetsa, m'malo mwadzidzidzi kusintha Sheen ake. Komabe supernew nawo m'dziko zotsogola: kusintha matalikidwe iwo kungakhale ndi mfundo 9. Komabe, izi mitundu iwiri ya kuwala - mutu ndi nkhani ina.

Chikhalidwe thupi la nyenyezi ambiri lero ali bwino, ngakhale palibe chitsimikizo kuti deta watsopano osati kutsutsa mfundo zokhazikika. malingaliro anavomera ndi malingaliro mu sayansi chimakhala chogwidwa ndi kufikira nthawi monga akhoza kufotokoza zochitika ananena. Nyenyezi iliyonse yatsopano imene inapezeka chilengedwe chonse, zakuthambo amadziwulula vuto osathetsedwa. Pali kumvetsa njira dziko ali kutali kwa wathunthu, ali mipata mwachilungamo yaikulu, za Mwachitsanzo, njira ya mapangidwe mabowo wakuda, supernovae, ndi zina zotero. Komabe, mosasamala kanthu za dziko la chiphunzitso, zakuthambo kupitiriza timasangalala usiku. Ndipotu, nyenyezi yowala sichitha kukhala wokongola pamene ife kwathunthu kudziwa chikhalidwe chake. Kapena, Tikawonetsetsa zongosiya iliyonse.