Wowala kamwazi - ndi chiyani ichi?

Mphamvu ya kuwala looneka lomwe Akuti ndi kutengeka wa m'diso la munthu ndi amayezedwa lumens - kuwala linanena bungwe. Ichi ndi mphamvu omwe akupereka kwina kulikonse kuwala.

timaganiza

Mphamvu ya kuwala gwero umadutsa ndi ankalankhula mafunde mu atomu. Wowala kamwazi - ndi ndalama zawo, amene amapereka zambiri za mphamvu ya kuwala kwa moto wa gwero. mafunde mphamvu ya kuwala m'diso la munthu amaona mosiyana. The timaganiza za 0,55 microns mu mtundu wobiriwira amaona zamphamvu kwambiri kusiyana ndi wofiira ndi kutalika 0,63 microns. Mu uthunthu wa poizoni ultraviolet ndi infuraredi maso athu mphamvu.

N'chifukwa chake ndi makhalidwe a timaganiza za kamwazi wowala n'kofunika kwambiri. Poganizira chiwopsezo cha diso ndi mwachidule adziwana dzulo, timapeza phindu dekhetsa. Wowala kamwazi - ndi m'chigulugulu mphamvu ya mphamvu chowala, amene Akuti chifukwa kumva kuwala. Kusankha gwero la mphamvu ya kuwala, munthu mogwirizana ndi mphamvu yake ofanana. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukufuna m'malo incandescent nyali ndi kutsogozedwa. Pankhaniyi, m'pofunika recalculate linanena bungwe kuwala.

Kodi kuchita izo

Wowala kamwazi - ndi chigawo chachikulu m'njira imeneyi. Pa yemweyo dvadtsativoltnoy incandescent babu zinali wofanana 250 lumens. Chimodzimodzi wowala kamwazi wa nyali LED angapereke Watts awiri kapena atatu, ndi fulorosenti - awiri. Choncho, ubwino nyali LED ndi kuposa zoonekeratu.

Tiyeni tinene tiyenera gwero la kuunika kamwazi linanena bungwe la lumens 400. Nyali filament adzakhala sorokavattnoy, nyali fulorosenti akhoza kukhala ku Watts khumi ndi atatu ndipo anatsogolera - anayi kapena asanu okha. Kapena Mwachitsanzo, tiyenera wamphamvu wowala kamwazi wa nyali - 2500 lumens. Tungsten sangakhale mu nkhani iyi zosakwana dvuhsotvattnoy, fulorosenti - makumi asanu okha eyite-Watt LED ndipo ngakhale zochepa - yekha twente-faifi kapena sate.

ndi nyale Kodi

Ukulu wa aliyense athandizira nyali mphamvu amayezedwa Watts (W). Tsiku ndi tsiku, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito Mwachitsanzo, kutsogozedwa ndi nyali ku Watts imodzi khumi, ndi kuunikira panja, ayenera wamphamvu kwambiri - kuli zana Watts. Koma muyenera kudziwa kuti mphamvu nyale yekha amadziwika mlingo wa mowa mphamvu, mfundo mwamphamvu iye sayankha.

Pakhoza ndizodabwitsa munthu kapena chinthu chinanso yekha unit wa wowala kamwazi, ndiwo malo osiyana kwambiri. Si amayezedwa Watts ndi lumens. Ngakhale aliyense wopanga nyale molondola mwachindunji mungachite izi. Mwachitsanzo, chizindikiro pa ma CD: ndi kuunika kamwazi wa 280 lumens kwa LED nyali mphamvu Watts anayi, lofanana ndi incandescent babu pyatidesyativattnoy. Fotokozani tebulo: Chakumapeto wowala kamwazi si 280, ndipo onse 560 lm ayenera kukhala. Bwanji zimenezi?

kuwerengetsera

Unit wa wowala kamwazi ndi lumen otaya amene limatulutsa blackbody dera 0,5305 mamilimita ² pa kutentha kwambiri - 1773 ° C, pamene ikamauma pulatinamu, mwachitsanzo. Kuwala mwamphamvu - kachulukidwe wa wowala kamwazi m'lingaliro okhudza malo, n'kofunika kuganizira mmene linanena bungwe kuwala chilamulira chikhalidwe ndi ukulu wa mbali olimba (a ngodya olimba - ndi mbali ya malo cheza onse converge). Kotero: unit wa wowala mwamphamvu - osati lumens ndi candela.

chiwalitsiro ndi chiyani? Izi angatchedwe pamwamba kachulukidwe wowala kamwazi kuti ndi chochitika padziko, wofanana ndi chiŵerengero cha kamwazi wowala kukula kwa pamwamba aunika, chomwe ndi wogawana kugawa. Mu chiwalitsiro alinso wagawo yakeyake muyeso, ndipo si lumen kachiwiri. Ndipo musati ngakhale candela. lux izi (lx). Amene adzakhala wofanana Maapatimenti, ngati linanena bungwe kuwala ndi wofanana lumen wina, anagawira wogawana pa dera la mita imodzi lalikulu? Koma: 1 lux = 1 lm / 1m ^2.

Kuwala ndi luminosity

Kuwala mitsinje angakhale osiyana ndi svetnosti kuwala (luminosity). Kuwala - ndi Kuyanjana pakathi pa osalimba pamwamba mwamphamvu wowala ndi ubale wake ndi danga, imene wowala pamwamba pa ndege perpendicular malangizo amenewa. Unit wa kuwala imatengedwa kuti candela imodzi mita lalikulu (1 ma cd / mamita ^2).

Svetnost (kapena luminance) ndi osalimba wa kamwazi wowala amene limatulutsa aunika pamwamba. Izo nthawizonse ali wofanana ndi kamwazi wowala ndi ulemu kudera la pamwamba. Luminosity, nayenso, ali pachikhalidwe chake ndi 1 lm / mamita ^2.

chiwalitsiro pachilichonse

The magwiritsidwe chinthu cha wowala kamwazi ndi njira kuwerengera pachilichonse za chiwalitsiro cha kali zonse yopingasa, kaya mtundu wa nyali. Kwenikweni ake ndi koyefishienti ndi kuchita masamu aliyense chipinda, polingalira magawo amafotokoza ndi katundu zipangizo Retro-kumaliza. Izi kuwerengetsera mwachilungamo nthawi wonyeketsa si zolondola kwambiri zokwanira, koma njira imeneyi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mapulani m'nyumba kuyatsa.

Buku la chipinda nthawizonse ali mtundu wa kuteteza nyemba, umene kusonyeza kamwazi kuwala akubwera kuchokera ku gwero. Izi pakhoma, kudenga, pansi, mipando kapena zipangizo ili mu chipinda. padziko lonse ndi koefishienti osiyana kusinkhasinkha, ndi mtengo wapamwamba kapena zochepa. Awerengere nambala ya zipangizo kuyatsa, osati kutenga nkhani otaya anasonyeza zimatheka ndi wosadalirika lalikulu.

pafupifupi gawo

Oyamba kusankhidwa magwero kuwala ndi dongosolo kuunikira, anasankha mitundu ya mindandanda yamasewera malo anapatsidwa - zogona kapena ofesi, kenako mawerengedwe imagwiridwa. Cholinga chake ndi kudziwa chiwerengero cha luminaires. The ndondomeko ya mawerengedwe angathe kuchitidwa monga chiwembu kuti:

1. Kusankha dongosolo kuyatsa.

2. Kulungamitsidwa wa normalization mu kuwala kwa chinthu.

3. Kusankha gwero ndalama kuwala.

4. Kusankha mtundu zomveka a nyale.

5. lowunikira la chinthu chitetezo ndi koyefishienti wa unevenness zounikira izo.

6. lowunikira la reflectance wa kali mu chipinda.

7. yowerengera la chipinda index.

8. Khama la koyefishienti wa ntchito kuwala.

9. kuwerengetsa chiwerengero cha mindandanda yamasewera kuti adzapereka chofunika chiwalitsiro cha chinthu.

10. Kuimba nyimbo sewero la malo mindandanda yamasewera ntchito dongosolo pansi (mutchule kukula).

dongosolo kuyatsa

Ndi kovuta kudziwa magetsi ntchito, chifukwa nthawi zambiri pamodzi. Mwachitsanzo, zomera zotsimikizira m'modzi yekha Kuphunzira m'dera ndikoletsedwa ndi lamulo. Sankhani kuwala kwa gawo laling'ono la kusiyana dongosolo chinthu, mwachitsanzo kuonetsetsa olondola ntchito zithunzi, kuchitidwa mu chipinda.

Pali malamulo: ntchito ya oyamba Akamva chimodzi akutsatiridwa kokha pamene ophatikizana chiwalitsiro dongosolo. msonkhano uno, makina, zipangizo, msonkhano ndi zina zotero. Only m'mafakitale monga electroplating kapena kuponyera ingagwiritsidwe mkulu dongosolo kuyatsa. Choncho, kusankha dongosolo ndi malamulo zounikira imodzi.

dekhetsa illuminance

Yokumba kuunikira momwe kachulukidwe ndi Mkhalidwe anatsimikiza mogwirizana ndi malangizo applicable ndi kosalekeza yopanga ndi mtundu wa ntchito.

Kachulukidwe makhalidwe a kuwala analandira pa m'munsi aliyense padziko ntchito malingana ndi kumaliseche ntchito zithunzi, kusiyana ndi chinthu maziko mu dongosolo chiwalitsiro. kumaliseche The anatsimikiza ndi kukula kwa chinthu chimodzi (zinthu), gawo kapena chilema osachepera pa izo ntchito adzayenera kudziwa ndi kusiyanitsa pakati pa zochitika zawo. Apamwamba kuunikira ntchito - ndi muyeso wa glare ndi ripple.

magwero kuwala: ubwino ndi kuipa

Kodi kudziwa magawo kwa kusankha yosafuna ndi pa nthawi yomweyo zachilengedwe wochezeka kuwala gwero? Pa chisankho zingakhudze zifukwa zambiri, monga: mapulani njira, zomangamanga, magawo zomangamanga chilengedwe mpweya ndi chikhalidwe chake, tiganizira chuma ndipo, ndithudi, kamangidwe. Mlengi, angagwiritse kuunikira, nthawizonse zimayenda ndi kukondera, ndi kutenga nkhani magawo ambiri mu kuwerengetsera lapansi.

Mwachitsanzo, incandescent nyali si ndalama, si kwambiri wowala dzuwa, umuna sipekitiramu molakwika, kuntchito, iwo kutentha kwambiri ndipo mwamsanga ndithu. Komabe, mtengo wa iwo ali otsika kwambiri, iwo savuta ntchito zonse, koma chifukwa cha zipinda kumene anthu amakhala mongoyembekezera, banja ndi zina zotero, nyali incandescent akhoza wodwala. Fulorosenti kuwala linanena bungwe komanso kukhala apamwamba, moyo wautali, mtundu mamasuliridwe kwambiri, kusowa kwa magetsi. Koma ngati msewu nyale ndipo amafuna akatswiri utumiki. Switchgear nyali fulorosenti ndi zovuta nthawi zina kung'anima ndi kubangula, ndi kutaya awo mabvuto.