Sociology Contemporary

Contemporary Sociology zikuphatikizapo sukulu mnozhetsvo sayansi ndi ntchito payekha, omwe m'njira yakeyake anafotokoza akamanena za sociological nauki.Opredeleny sotsiaologii pa siteji pano, pali ndithu kwambiri. Ambiri ndi matanthauzo monga "sayansi ya malamulo a HIV ndi chitukuko cha njira chikhalidwe ndi madera chikhalidwe, limagwirira kugwirizana pakati pa anthu ndi anthu", "ndi sayansi ya mapangidwe malamulo chitukuko kuli anthu ndi ubwenzi wa anthu."

Modern Chaanthu zikhoza otchedwa ake anthu kapena zochitika chikhalidwe payekha. Sociology pamene akuphunzira osati zochitika okha, koma katundu ambiri amene si ataphimbidwa ndi zina sayansi chikhalidwe (mbiri, nzeru, maganizo, chuma ndale, chiphunzitso cha lamulo).

Pa nkhani imeneyi, Ndizachidziwikire kuti masiku ano Chaanthu - ndi sayansi osiyana malamulo ambiri zodabwitsa chikhalidwe ndi katundu makolo awo. Mu maphunziro a Chaanthu sakungosiyidwa zochokera zinachitikira wazotsatira, komanso anafotokoza maganizo akewo.

Sociology maphunziro osati munthu wamba, ndipo ikufotokoza dziko linakhalapo, kumene malo ochezera, dera umene ali nawo, Intaneti, moyo, zinthu zosangalatsa. Sociology amaona dziko monga dongosolo. Chotero dongosolo imatengedwa ake osati monga ntchito ndi kukhala, komanso mavuto. Contemporary Sociology Cholinga kuphunzira zimayambitsa mavuto ndi kuyesa kupeza njira zotheka kwa izo, ndi amene adzakhala opweteka mwina anthu ndi bwino.

Features sayansi yamakono ndi kuti akuyesera kuthetsa vuto kwambiri pachimake lero - kupulumuka kwa anthu kwa zosintha m'tsogolo wa chitukuko ndi kukweza ku siteji patsogolo kwambiri ubale. Sociology akufunafuna njira yothetsera mavuto amenewa, osati pa mlingo lonse, komanso pa mlingo wa Madera munthu chikhalidwe, mabungwe chikhalidwe, mwa kuphunzira khalidwe chikhalidwe cha anthu. phunziro ikufotokoza magawo chitukuko, kupita patsogolo ndi ntchito kwa mabungwe ndi magulu a anthu. Pankhaniyi, akamanena za zochitika ndi zimene iye akufunafuna njira mozama, anthu ubale anthu ndi madera.

Madera za khalidwe la anthu amakono agawanika pa muyezo awiri. sukulu zonse za khalidwe la anthu amakono m'magulu awiri. Iwo microsociological ndi macrosociological chiphunzitso.

Mu Sichanzeru ali wamkulu chikoka nkhondo chikhalidwe chiphunzitso ndi structural functionalism. sukulu zonse n'zochokera zomwe a sayansi amakono.

Chikhazikitso cha structural functionalism anatsogolera Talcott Parsons, amene anapereka kuyang'ana kwa anthu dongosolo ongokhala zinthu inakula zinchito. zinthu izi, adatenga anthu, magulu, ndi magulu ena ammudzi, pakati limene pali chiyanjano. Chiphunzitsochi chimanena mtendere wa kachitidwe chikhalidwe ndi maonekedwe zinachokera chitukuko.

Chiphunzitso cha nkhondo chikhalidwe (conflictological malangizo a Chaanthu) ali anatuluka wotsutsana ndi structural functionalism. Oimira odziwika bwino kukuchititsa zimenezi ndi L.Kozer ndi R.Darendorf.

Coser ndi woyambitsa wa chiphunzitso cha nkhondo zabwino-zinchito, umene umati mtendere wa dongosolo chikhalidwe kumapereka lingaliro la kukhalapo nkhondo kuvomerezedwa zofuna, omwe amasonyeza mikangano chikhalidwe ndi kumenyana. Dahrendorf anayamba mfundo chitsanzo mkangano wa anthu. Zikhulupiriro zikuluzikulu za chiphunzitso ake motere: chitukuko mu ndondomeko zonse kusintha, ndi nkhondo mosalephera, zonse zinthu payekha anthu zimathandiza kuti kusintha kwake ndi kusakanikirana anthu nthawi zonse chogwidwa ndi mamembala ena kuposa ena.

chiphunzitso Microsociological zikufotokozedwa pa kuphunzira khalidwe la anthu ubale wawo. Mfundo yaikulu ndi microsociology phenomenology, ophiphiritsa interactionism, chikhalidwe chiphunzitso kuwombola, ethnomethodology.

Ophiphiritsa interactionism (Dzhordzh Gerbert Mead) limanena kuti anthu achite, motsogozedwa ndi mfundo wophiphiritsa kuti mukufuna kutanthauzira. Phenomenology (Alfred Schütz) ikufotokoza zenizeni chikhalidwe pophunzira za moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wa anthu. Ethnomethodology (Harold Garfinkel) amachitira chowonadi monga ruzultaty akutanthauzira zochita za anthu. Chiphunzitso cha kuwombola chikhalidwe (Dzhordzh Homans) mogwirizana ndi mfundo za behaviorism kufotokoza njira chikhalidwe.