Kuweta chilinganizo maselo Physics

Maselo Physics - yaikulu nthambi ya sayansi kuti amaphunzira kapangidwe ka nkhani pa mlingo maselo, kusintha magawo macroscopic a dongosolo mchikakamizo cha chilengedwe kunja, gawo kusintha. The katundu wa ma polima ndi madzi komanso ikufotokoza sayansi maselo. Mitunduyi ndi matanthauzo a gawo limene kukhala zothandiza kuthetsa mavuto a m'nkhani ino.

Zikhulupiriro Basic gawo

Molekyulu - zing'onozing'ono unit wa zinthu zimene ali onse katundu wake.

Abwino mpweya - mpweya umene mphamvu ya mogwirizana ndi intermolecular ndi ziro, molekyulu ndi imatengedwa ngati mfundo chuma, ndi kumumenya therebetween zotanuka mwamtheradi. mitunduyi ambiri a sayansi maselo kuziyika izo mu poyerekezera ndi mafuta abwino.

Mphamvu - wambiri amene amadziwika kutha kuti agwire ntchito.

Employment - kuchuluka kwa mphamvu anasamutsa dongosolo kudzera kusintha magawo ake.

Zikhulupiriro zina mu gawo ili: kutentha, mkati mphamvu, mphamvu ndi kuthekera, mayamwidwe, matenthedwe madutsidwe, kuchuluka kwa mankhwala, kutentha yeniyeni, evaporation, condensation, crystallization, nthunzi zimalimbikitsa.

chilinganizo zoyambirira

Chilinganizo maselo Physics kukhazikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa magawo osiyanasiyana dongosolo. The mitunduyi yaikulu ya chigawo chino amatanthauza Clapeyron aone kuti pali, limene limafotokoza mkhalidwe malamulo mpweya yabwino Boyle, Charles ndi Gay-Lussac.

Clapeyron aone kuti pali kwalembedwa motere:

PV = nRT

Apa tsa - kuthamanga, N - kuchuluka kwa thunthu mu timadontho-timadontho, R - chilengedwe mpweya zonse, T - kutentha Kelvin, V - buku wotanganidwa ndi mpweya.

Kuyambira chilinganizo izi maselo Physics kudzera masinthidwe yosavuta analandira ndi malamulo ena amanena:

PV = const (chiphunzitso cha lamulo Boyle, umene umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndondomeko isothermal);

V / T = const (lamulo loyamba Gay-Lussac, zimene zikugwirizana ndi ndondomeko isobaric);

tsa / T = const (Charles chilamulo, kugwiritsidwa ndondomeko isochoric).

Njira zina zofunika za sayansi maselo:

N = m / M = N / Na (chilinganizo kupeza kuchuluka kwa mankhwala).

tsa = nkT.

Mu dongosolo ili, N - ndende, K - zonse Boltzmann zonse.

E = (3NkT) / 2 (tikutsata ndondomeko za kupeza mphamvu matenthedwe).

tsa = tsa ₁ + tsa ₂ + ... + tsa _ine (tikutsata ndondomeko za kudziŵa kuthamanga kwa mipweya, lotchedwa lamulo la Dalton).

The mitunduyi yopezeka m'zinthu zachilengedwe ndi sayansi zowerengera

Statistical sayansi ndi gawo la sayansi maselo. Ena mitunduyi sayansi maselo ntchito mu sayansi zowerengera ndi yopezeka m'zinthu zachilengedwe amapatsidwa pamwamba.

Q = MC (T ₂ -t ₁₎

Q = A + (U2-U ₁₎ (U _ine - mphamvu mkati)

DH = TdS + Vdp

Apa H - enthalpy.

G - Gibbs mphamvu, kapena kuthekera thermodynamic.

V = dG / DP

S = -dG / Deuteronomo (S - mphamvu zosagwiritsika ntchito mtengo analowa Clausius, Mwina muyeso).