Mfundo limatsogolera aluminiyamu

Zotayidwa - opepuka zitsulo ndi silvery woyera hue, zofewa (akhoza anawerama ndi manja ake), iwo mosavuta, pamene nthawi imodzi silamphamvu. Ndi wochititsa kwambiri kutentha ndi magetsi. Koyera zotayidwa si ntchito, ntchito yake ankachita mu mawonekedwe a kasakaniza wazitsulo ndi mkuwa, mpweya, tini, titaniyamu, manganese ndi nthaka. Kwa magetsi ndi matenthedwe chachiwiri madutsidwe zotayidwa kokha siliva ndi mkuwa. Pa nthawi yomweyo, zosafunika vanadium, chromium ndi manganese kuchepetsa magawo awa.

Zotayidwa amachitira ndi zidulo ndi alkalis kupanga chlorides, sulfates, aluminates, ndi mankhwala ena. Mu mlengalenga yomweyo TACHIMATA zitsulo okusayidi filimu amene amateteza izo kwa makutidwe ndi okosijeni zina. Limatsogolera mfundo za zotayidwa uli mkati madigiri 660,1, chitsulo mu mawonekedwe osungunula ali castability wabwino. Chifukwa zitsulo imeneyi amakhala ndi ductility mkulu, kukana ozizira, kukana kuti dzimbiri mwa kuchita ndi madzi otchezedwa ndi watsopano.

Akatswiri amanena kuti kukana dzimbiri zimatengera pa chiyero cha zotayidwa - apamwamba ndi m'pamenenso kulimbikira. dzimbiri chifukwa mwina pamwamba kuwonongeka filimu okusayidi. Anatsimikizira kuti ukuwonjezeka zotayidwa limatsogolera kutentha ndi kuwonjezeka chiyero. Kutenga castability kwambiri, zitsulo pa crystallization amapereka shrinkage lalikulu, index izi ndi zofunika kupanga zitsulo mlandu kuponyera.

Limatsogolera mfundo za zotayidwa siyana malinga ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga zonyansa ndi. atsogoleri kupanga zotayidwa panopa Russia, United States ali mu dziko, Canada, Australia. zotayidwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana mokwanira lalikulu, makolo athu mu mawonekedwe a mankhwala zotayidwa (alum) anagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati astringent mu mankhwala, kwa khungu zikopa kwa anakafika alumali moyo wa utoto.

Mokwanira otsika limatsogolera kutentha zotayidwa analola kusungunuka mu zinthu achikale.

Mu chikhalidwe, limapezeka okusayidi zotayidwa (corundum), amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati abrasive, ndi mitundu yake - safiro ndi rube - a gulu la miyala yamtengo wapatali. Popeza wangwiro zotayidwa ndi phindu lochepa ntchito luso, nthawi zambiri ntchito monga chuma yaiwisi yopangira kasakaniza wazitsulo osiyana. Osiyanasiyana kasakaniza wazitsulo zotayidwa ndi yaikulu kwambiri, izo zonse kusinthidwa (ntchito njira zamakono osiyana).

Panopa wa kasakaniza wazitsulo amenewa muli chakudya, zitini, ziwiya khitchini ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zapakhomo. Zofunika ogula zotayidwa kasakaniza wazitsulo ndi galimoto, magetsi, chida, mankhwala, chitetezo, zitsulo m'mafakitale. Pa zimene kutentha kusungunula zotayidwa, ndi n'komwe mu kupanga mbali chigawo cha chitetezo, Azamlengalenga ndi mafakitale nyukiliya.

Mmodzi wa kasakaniza wazitsulo ambiri sanali akakhala ndi duralumin, Kutacha m'ma otsiriza ndi German injiniya A. Wilma. Limatsogolera mfundo duralumin anali 650 madigiri. Akamanena anatulukira tichipeza mu kuti zotayidwa ofotokoza aloyi pambuyo kutentha mankhwala amakhala mphamvu apamwamba ndi kuuma. Izi ntchito yomweyo akatswiri ndi tiyeni zosowa za aeronautics lapansi. The aloyi watsopano wakhala mmodzi wa structural zipangizo waukulu mu ndege.

Panopa akuti amatanthauza duralumin lalikulu zosiyanasiyana aloyi zotayidwa yodziwika ndi mphamvu yapamwamba. Modern kupatula kasakaniza wazitsulo mkuwa munali manganese, pakachitsulo, magnesium, etc., iwo anapita wolimba wofatsa. Lero, kasakaniza wazitsulo izi ankagwiritsa ntchito makampani a ndege, mu kupanga sitima mkulu-liwiro ndi zina zina.