General Relativity: kafukufuku zoyambirira ntchito yothandiza

chiphunzitso chapadera ndipo ambiri a relativity - mmodzi wa kupambana kwambiri za maganizo a anthu. Iwo anakonza kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma otsiriza ndipo anali yojambula limodzi la munthu kumvetsa chikhalidwe cha dziko. Komabe, pakati pawo pali kusiyana kwina kwake koonekeratu, lomwe ndi zimene chiphunzitso woyamba ngakhale chosiyana maganizo ochiritsira, anali tawerenga chotsatira cha generalization mfundo taona. General relativity adali mankhwala a kafukufuku wa ganizo. Ndipotu, anali weniweni aluntha chintchito mlengi wake, German sayansi Alberta Eynshteyna.

Albert Einstein lofalitsidwa ntchito yake, adayamba kukonza chiphunzitso ambiri relativity mu 1915. Monga kwambiri a sayansi amakono, chiphunzitso chimenechi likutsutsa maganizo athu mwachilengedwe za dziko. Ray Dinverno anati: "Ndithudi, adzatumpha nzeru kuti anatenga Einstein kubwera kwa relativity wapadera kwa onse - mmodzi wa m'mbiri ya anthu ...". Eynshtneyn yekha kalata yopita kwa mnzake wina ananena kuti: "Sindinakhalepo ntchito mwamphamvu ngati ... Poyerekeza ndi chiphunzitso ambiri relativity, chiphunzitso choyambirira - ndi kosavuta ...".

Malinga ndi chiphunzitso chapadera cha relativity, nthawi ndi malo Sachita zinthu paokha zinthu. M'malo mwake, iwo ndi mawonetseredwe osiyana umodzi danga nthawi. Ubale pakati pa nthawi ndi malo amene amayang'anira pa mafelemu osiyana Buku zimayenda velocities osiyana. Izi, makamaka, kumabweretsa chakuti zochitika ziwiri zimene zimaoneka munthawi yomweyo kuti amatsata wina angagwe pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana kwa ena.

Komabe, mfundo imeneyi si kumufotokozera za mphamvu za anyamata. Izi atafalitsa chiphunzitso ambiri relativity. Postulates izo, kuwonjezera pa chikhazikitso cha chiphunzitso chapadera munali nkhani yolembedwa mgwirizano limodzi pa nkhaniyi ndi danga nthawi. Iye ananena kuti mphamvu yake yokoka chifukwa kupindika kwa mlengalenga, zimene zikuchitika zinthu zakuthupi. M'mawu ena, kanthu, malo limasonyeza bwanji kuti pamapindikira ndi malo limatiuza kanthu momwe kusuntha.

Choncho mfundo imeneyi akutipatsa chithunzi thunzi chokwanira chimene danga nthawi zisudzo mitundu ya kuli kanthu, ndipo Komano, nkhaniyo Mzimuyo katundu wake.

Chiphunzitso ambiri relativity - mwala wapangondya wa sayansi ofunika. Ngakhale, iye anali kupereka mphoto ya Nobel mu 1993 chokha. Iye ali astrophysics Halz ndi Taylor kuti mumve za precession wa pulsar bayinare - dongosolo ongokhala nyenyezi ziwiri nyutironi. Posachedwapa, mu 2011, wina Prize Nobel anali kupereka chopereka wake ku chiphunzitso mu ankaganizira ndi malongosoledwe a kuwonjezeka chilengedwe cha.

Ndipo ngakhale kuti zotsatira negligible pa Dziko Lapansi ndipo pafupi-Earth danga, ali ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri yothandiza. Mwinamwake, zofunika ambiri a iwo - dongosolo la pamalo lonse, monga American GPS ndi Russian GLONASS. Osaphatikiza zotsatira za chiphunzitso relativity, kachitidwe adzakhala osachepera dongosolo la udzakwaniritsidwa zochepa zolondola. Choncho, ngati inu - mwiniwake wa foni ndi dongosolo GPS, chiphunzitso ambiri relativity ntchito pa inu.