Peterhof, paki chapamwamba: ziboliboli, akasupe, zithunzi

Peterhof - paki zazikulu ndi akasupe ambiri ndiponso ziboliboli, limene lili makilomita 29 kuchokera St. Petersburg, pa gombe kum'mwera kwa Gulf wa Finland. Mu ukulu, paki si concede ngakhale French Versailles, ukulu wa akasupe a chimaposa izo.

paki agawidwa m'magulu awiri: Upper ndi wotsika Peterhof. Paki chapamwamba n'chochepa kwambiri kuposa m'munsi, koma otsika kwa iye kukongola ndi m'maganizo. Tinganenenso kuti aliyense wa iwo ndi wapadera ndi chidwi mu njira zawo. M'nkhani timaganizira makamaka pa Upper Park. Thandizeni osachepera pang'ono kukapereka mwanaalirenji, zosiyana Peterhof zithunzi zoyikidwa nkhaniyi.

History Park Education

Today achifumu gulu loyimba paki zikuphatikizapo 4 kugwa yapamwamba ndi 176 zopanda malire kukongola akasupe. Ndipo zaka 300 zapitazo, panali zithaphwi yekha ndi ili pafupi m'mudzi. Komabe, mu 1710s, Petro Ine inaika lamulo pa oyambirira yogwira ntchito mapulani ndi malo. Chifukwa cha ambiri kupulumuka zikalata, zithunzi ndi zojambula ngakhale anamuonanso athu kuti ntchito zina za akasupe, komanso mfundo mapulani gulu loyimba ambiri ndi chitukuko cha machitidwe madzi m'manja mwa mfumu yekha.

Ndi 1723 nyumba yogonamo nyumba yaikulu wakhala kwathunthu atamaliza wotchedwa "Peterhof". Kutsegula paki, pamodzi ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa nyumba zikuluzikulu za kasupe - Grand kugwa - monga chinachitika chaka chino. Dzina "Peterhof" ndi Chijeremani likumasuliridwa kuti "Petrova Manor." Kuyambira 1762 kuitana Peterhof anakhala ndi mzinda unakula ndi nyumba yachifumu, ndi nyumba yonse ndi paki gulu loyimba, anayala pa iye. Grand kugwa ndi akasupe ena amadzipereka ku Russian tidzapambana pa nkhondo Northern, ndipo pambuyo pake panali Russian Ufumu. kumanga nyumbayi, poyamba anali ngati okhala Mfumu, anatembenuka pambuyo October kuukira boma.

yovuta

Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World kwa paki anabwera nyengo yamdima, chifukwa mdani zida zankhondo anali pafupifupi inawonongedwa izo. Komabe, chifukwa cha khama pafupifupi zoposa za anthu ogwira ntchito m'nyumbayi pafupifupi 50 zolemba ndi za 8000 zinthu za Interiors yachifumu anakwanitsa achotse ngakhale patsogolo ntchito German. Zinali, ndithudi, kugonjetsa zofunika luso, koma, mwatsoka, zinthu zimene anali opulumutsidwa, ndi mbali wodzichepetsa wa chuma chonse cha Peterhof.

Peterhof anayamba kutsitsimutsa pokhapokha nkhondo, ndi nthawi ntchito yobwezeretsa ulipobe. Mu 1945 wotsika Park wa Peterhof linatsegulidwa. Patapita zaka ziwiri izo kachiwiri anaika ndi kwathunthu kulengedwanso wotchuka "Samsoni" kasupe, ndi ndege yomwe iri yofulumira mamita 20 mkulu ndi amene, chifukwa cha kukongola imathamangira, silinawonongedwe ndi Anazi, ndipo kokha anatengedwa kupita ku Germany. Kubwezeretsa Peterhof Palace inayamba mu 1952 ndipo Nyumba za Ufumu wake woyamba anatsegulidwa zaka 12. Pafupifupi phulusa Rose kulengedwanso Peterhof. chotulukira anali wapadera kwambiri.

Peterhof Palace

Large yachifumu ndi nyumba olemekezeka mu wapamwamba Peterhof paki. Iye wayima monyadira pa kugwa Grand kutsogolera ku dera paki. yachifumu inamangidwa mu kalembedwe wapadera wa Petrine Baroque, koma pa nthawi wapitiriza kumaliza kumanga kalembedwe okhwima Baroque. Mu nyumba ndi kukongoletsa grotto.

Monga tanenera kale, paki lagawidwa Upper ndi wotsika m'mapaki. M'munsi Park ili mu malo ya mahekitala 102,5, ndipo amadyetsa 22 kilometre payipi madzi. Upper Park ali ndi malo ang'onoang'ono, koma otsika ku wotsika Park wamataya ndi wapadera akasupe ake ndi mafano.

Zokopa Upper Park

The kukopa waukulu, umene uli wotchuka Peterhof, Upper Park, ndi changwiro mwamtheradi chosokonekera. Akasupe Komanso ili symmetrically pakati ndi "Neptune", "Oak" ndi "Mezheumny", onse kukometsera ena kasupe pamaso pa mapiko mbali ya nyumba yachifumu. "Neptune" (kasupe) - wamphamvu wa paki, chokongoletsedwa ndi zambiri ziboliboli wapadera akale.

Wina kukopa wa Upper Park - anayi ziboliboli nsangalabwi ndi Chitaliyana Dzhovanni Bonatstsa ndipo anaika pano mu 1757. Izi "Pomona", "Zephyr", "Flora" ndi "Vertumnus". munda wina pamwamba adakonzeka ndi maluwa Njira wobiriwira, amene amapeza zofiira kwambiri mu nyengo m'dzinja.

Kasupe "Neptune"

Pamene dongosolo yaikulu ya Upper Park, kasupe zikuwoneka kwenikweni wapamwamba ndipo kwambiri kuposa ena. "Neptune" - kasupe, chokongoletsedwa ndi gulu atatu-tiered a ziboliboli ndi ataliatali pamwamba ndi mbuye nyanja, atagwira m'dzanja lake mikondo ya mano atatu sichinasinthe. Popeza mbali zonse zinayi za zikuchokera izi zitsulo anakonza ndi masks nyama zam'madzi kumene madzi Jets kugunda.

Kusagwirizana a m'munsi ndi Neptune atakhala ndi nkhafi m'manja mwa nymphs mtsinje. The pedestal chomwecho chokongoletsedwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali ambiri, ziboliboli ndi mbali zina patsogolo, komanso kanjedza mkuwa cha mtsikana ndi mnyamata. Neptune adakali padziko okwera mu hippocampus ndi (nyanja mapiko akavalo), zomwe zikuoneka kuti kuteteza mulungu yopeka ndipo komabe kulimbikitsa anamgumiwa. Pali anamgumiwa mu kasupe beseni - eyiti symmetrically anakonza kanjedza.

Pa kum'mwera kwa kasupe "Neptune" ndi gawo laling'ono, zidendene atatu omwe utuluke madzi, ndi limene pali fano Apollona Belvederskogo, zopangidwa yamkuwa (ntchito mu malo ake anali fano la "Zima" kuchokera kutsogolera). Ndipo "Apollo" ndi "Neptune" anawonekera kuno osati kamodzi, koma 1736. Poyamba, mu mtima wa beseni izo zinaliri "Ngolo Neptunian", zopangidwa kutsogolera Koma patapita dilapidated, m'malo mwake anakhala ndi sculptural zikuchokera "Neptune" (olengedwa m'ma XVII ku Nuremberg). Kotero kuti nthawi yoyamba ya chosema anatenga malo mu Germany.

Mbiri ya "Neptune"

Chirengedwe cha wapadera gulu kasupe anali mu heyday wa German Ufumu, pamene dziko anamangidwira mazana zipilala wokongola. Nuremberg komanso amalenga chinachake wapadera azikongoletsa msika m'tawuni. Kasupe anaganiza lifanane ndi Mtendere wa Westphalia, kutha Satini nkhondo ya zaka - chochitika chofunika kwambiri mbiri German. Pa nkhani imeneyi, pa chilengedwe cha chosema ntchito ya amisiri bwino mu ufumuwo. Nymphs pafupi Neptune kuonekera pa nthawi akamuuze mtsinje, ndi konkire - Pegnitz ndi Regnitz. Pa pedestal akadali pano zizindikiro za Nuremberg, holo mzinda ndi Chancellor a. Monga zikuchokera sculptural m'gulu 27 kanjedza.

Komabe, kumapeto kwa ntchito kunapezeka kuti Nuremberg Pegnitz ndi Regnitz mtsinje si madzi okwanira ntchito imeneyi yaikulu kasupe zikuchokera. Ndiye izo zimayenera disassemble ndi kusamukira otchedwa nthawi yabwino. Chifukwa, zaka 130 zokha chosema imathandiza - akuluakulu mzindawo inaganiza kudzaza ndalama zake, bajeti ake ndipo adati pa nthawi wolowa ku Mpandowachifumu Russian, Paulo lankhosa kuti Nuremberg pa ulendo wopita ku Ulaya, kugula "Neptune." Paulo, pofuna kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa Russian Ufumu, mosazengereza anavomera kuyenda uku ndi kugula gulu sculptural 30 000 rubles - pa nthawi imeneyo ndalama zambiri.

Kasupe "Mezheumny"

Pa khomo la "Peterhof" (Upper Park), kumwera kwa "Neptune" ndi kuzungulira kusambira dziwe, chokongoletsedwa ndi ziboliboli mkuwa cha chinjoka ndi anamgumiwa anayi. Kuchokera mkamwa mwa chinjoka mwamsanga anakoka madzi ndege, anamgumiwa ndi kuwaza madzi. beseni ichi poyamba anali kutsogolera "Andromeda", ndiye mu malo ake kwa chiwerengero cha zaka osati anapita chosema wina, ndipo zotsatira zake zinali ya mkuwa chithunzi cha chinjoka mapiko. Mogwirizana ndi zikuchokera izi amatchedwa "Kuphulika" Mezheumny "(kapena" kosatha ").

Koma nkhani ya zikuchokera impermanence anapitiriza. Chinjoka linasinthidwa kukhala delfinopodobnuyu chosema "sterlet", ndipo kenako - kwa mbale pulasitala zitsulo. chinjoka wabwerera mu 1958, koma iye anali zatsopano mu malo ake. Chinjokanso ndi anamgumiwa anaponyedwa mwatsopano kuchokera kupulumuka zojambula ochepa.

"Oak" Kasupe

Kasupe "Oak" wa Peterhof lili pakati pa wina, yemwenso zozungulira dziwe. Iye ndi nyenyezi zisanu ndi zisonga, malekezero a amene ali anamgumiwa, ndi pakati - ". Boy ndi chigoba ndi" ndi gilded nsangalabwi chosema Poyamba, komanso kuoneka mosiyana. Mu 1734, panali patsogolo, "Oak" otsala anamgumiwa asanu ndi zimbalangondo atatu, koma inachotsedwa patapita zaka 12. Mu 1802, nyimbo iyi unakhazikitsidwa wotsika Park.

Komabe kuseri kasupe poyamba muli dzina "Oak", ngakhale kuti palibe "Oak" mu zikuchokera kulibe. Kwa kanthawi pakati pa kasupe anali losema matabwa "Cornucopia", koma lawola ndipo kenako m'malo mwa "mnyamata ndi chinyawu."

ziboliboli zina

"Peterhof" (Upper Park) ndi wotchuka chifukwa amatunga wake wamkulu - dziwe lalikulu anakumba 1719 kupereka madzi mu wotsika Park. Mu 1773, pakati pa malo awa akhazikitsa magulu sculptural atazunguliridwa ndi anamgumiwa wa patsogolo. Koma patapita zaka zambiri, iwo lawola ndipo m'malo mwa mwachizolowezi wodzichepetsa Jets choimirira. Only mu 1956 dziwe lalikulu kubwerera maonekedwe kale.

Mu paki Upper mukhoza kuona ziboliboli za Peterhof monga Italy Venus kasupe, umene ndi chosema atazunguliridwa ndi anamgumiwa asanu. Mu maziko a kasupe kumaoneka Mpingo wa St. Peter ndi St. Paulo, yemwe ali mbali ya Peterhof Palace.

paki wotchuka

Ndipo ichi ndi chomwe pang'ono pali kudziwa za Peterhof ndi akasupe a nyamayo ndi ziboliboli. Kumene, pabwalopo izi wosagonjetseka ofunika kuyendera - adzakhala ndi chimodzi zosaiwalika. Kulola kuti muzisangalala mfundo Peterhof wotchuka, chithunzi, ngati mokwanira, koma amafikitsa kukongola kwa dziko wotchuka paki.