Mfundo yofunika kwambiri ndi chidwi za Metro Madrid

Metro Madrid - maonekedwe amazipanga zofunika zoyendera anthu ku likulu Spanish. Izi galimoto kudya opaleshoni mwamsanga ndi kupereka mabuku akuluakulu a magalimoto anthu. Metro Madrid anayamba kugwira ntchito yake mu 1919: inali nthawi imeneyo woyamba mzere mobisa unayambitsidwa. Kuyambira pamenepo, nthawi zambiri zadutsa, imene linamangidwa mizere khumi ndi magalimoto kumanzere-dzanja. okwana kutalika - pafupifupi 300 makilomita.

Chiyambi cha kukhalapo kwa mobisa ku Madrid

Metro Madrid anayamba kugwira ntchito yake mu October 1919. Ndiye wina mzere ongokhala okwerera asanu ndi atatu ali kutalika makilomita 3.5. The una wa woyamba anali yaying'ono kwambiri. Choncho, kutalika kwa thirakiti anali osapitirira 60 meters, ndiponso m'lifupi ilipo 1445 mm. Ndi 1936, Madrid Metro wakhala inkakhala mizere itatu ndipo anali ndi uthenga kumalo okwerera sitima.

Pamene Spanish Civil nkhondo kunachitika, siteshoni okwerera sitima ankaimba udindo wa m'misasa mpweya kunkhondo. Mfundo chachinayi anaikidwa kugwira ntchito mu 1944, ndipo mu 1960, Madrid Metro ali interconnects mzinda ndi mzinda.

2007 zinali zodzaza ndi chakuti anaikidwa nthambi zitatu za "okwerera sitima kuwala". Izi mkulu-liwiro trams mwangofikira padziko. Nthawi zina, pamene muyenera kuti akakokoloredwe chidwi chikhalidwe, iwo apite mobisa.

Mu okwerera yapansi panthaka Spanish likulu la adatsinzina mzimu "Chambery". Adzaupereka kwa mzere woyamba lotseguka, koma mu 1966 kudali pansi mkuntho. Chifukwa, chifupi siteshoni pafupi. Iwo anali anapeza m'chaka cha 2008, koma ngati owonera zakale mobisa.

ena kanjedza

Madrid Metro amatenga kukula lachiwiri ku Ulaya pambuyo London Mobisa. Ngati tikambirana onse a ku Ulaya, ndi lili pa nambala yachitatu, kunyengerera miyeso yake okwerera sitima ku Moscow. Chiwembu ambiri imakhala nthambi 13, kumapeto kwa zomwe zinatsala osati kale. okwerera sitima ake maukonde mu Madrid zikugwirizana okwerera 327. Chaka chilichonse, Amakweza pa 600 miliyoni anthu ndipo ali mphete ziwiri zozungulira.

Onse Malo okwerera sitima ku Madrid lagawidwa asanu zigawo. Waukulu pakati pawo - chipinda A. Mbali imeneyi ya mzinda, amene ali pafupifupi 70% ya okwana kutalika za zii. Ndime zina - ndi South, North, East, West, ndi TFM (mabusa ndi midzi Kanema). Aliyense mzere yapansi amakhala ndi dzina lake ndi mtundu. Mu Madrid maina mobisa ndi monga chiyambi ndi mapeto okwerera.

Pakati okwerera playout kutalika mamita 800. Aliyense zikuchokera, pali magalimoto anayi kapena asanu. Mu sitima usiku ndi zochepa wotchuka iwo alipo atatu okha.

Mfundo Zina chidwi

M'mizere yapansi ku likulu la Spain ndi okwerera 145. Ambiri a iwo nsanja ziwiri kapena zitatu. Njanji oyenerera therebetween. Choncho, ngati galimotolo Wokondweretsa kuthamanga kudutsa mu yapansi magalimoto sitima wina, amene waima pa nsanja ena, ndiye ntchito.

M'mawa ndi madzulo yopuma pakati pa sitima kufika pazipita mphindi zitatu. Masana kapena madzulo tikudikira kufika kwa sitima, ndipo akhoza kukhala mochuluka monga mphindi zisanu.

Madrid Metro ali mitundu itatu ya sitima ndi magalimoto: kumalo okwerera sitima galimoto, chitseko adzatsegula basi. Galimoto, amene zitseko zili ndi ndalezo. Ngati mukufuna kutsegula, ndalezo uyu ayenera adzaukitsidwa. Galimoto imene kutsegula chitseko muyenera batani wapadera.

Mu Madrid palibe escalators yapansi. Choncho, zilibe kanthu momwe iwe kulemera ndi zimene boma wanu wa thanzi, ngati muli pachangu kapena muli ndi nthawi yambiri, ndi pansi adzayenda.

Madrid yapansi - wabwino kopambana mu dziko, ngakhale kuti ndi lotanganidwa. Apa kukonza okwerera ndi magalimoto ndi zachilengedwe ndi masiku ambiri dongosolo kuyeretsa.

umisiri wamakono ntchito yapansi panthaka

Si kale mu Madrid yapansi pa ena mizere akuthamanga basi kasamalidwe kapangidwe ndi dongosolo kuti amalola kusintha liwiro la basi. Tsopano ntchito ya dalaivala yafupika okha kutsegula ndi kutseka zitseko, kutumiza sitima kukanikiza batani wapadera. dongosolo basi adzachita zina mwa ntchito nokha. Komanso amatha awonjedzere ngakhale upambana liwiro kuti elektrotormozheniya sichinachitikepo. Pamene ziletsa chizindikiro amveka, dongosolo yemweyo basi kugwira zikuchokera.

Ngati wapeza cholakwa chilichonse mwa dongosolo alamu a dalaivala sitima ayenera akanikizire batani yoyenera, limene lili ndi gulu kulamulira, ndipo kenako opareshoni pamanja sitima. Mu dongosolo ili lidzafika liwiro pazipita makilomita 20 pa ola limodzi.

likanatha

Tsopano, owerenga ambiri pali funso zachilengedwe kotani ndi yapansi ku Madrid? Ndi yosavuta: ulendo wina mu A-zone ndalama zokwana mayuro 1.5. Movement mu mabacteria ena onse mayuro awiri.

Ngati munthu limayenda pa yapansi zambiri, Ndi bwino kugula matikiti kwa maulendo 10. mtengo 11,2-12,2 mayuro malingana woyendera nthambi.