City Ravenna zowoneka. Mausoleum wa Theodoric, ndi Zithunzi za tchalitchi cha San Vitale, Dante a kumasiye

Mzinda ku Italy Ravenna kudera la Emilia-Romagna, pafupi zaka khumi makilomita ku Nyanja Adriatic. Nyumba mu kunjira za mudzi ndi zaukhondo, mbu, mwangwiro chikufanana ndi mzake, ngati zidutswa za chithunzi. Anthu otchuka a mipingo yachikhristu dziko otchuka monga anakhetsa zonse mzinda wakale.

Ravenna zowoneka. Tchalitchi cha San Vitale

Mwina ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mipingo yotchuka kwambiri ndi zofunika Byzantine mu Europe. Zachilendo mapulani ake, koma makamaka chidwi mkaziyo. Zithunzi za tchalitchi cha San Vitale mu Ravenna ndi ntchito zopambana za zojambulajambula, limene Palibenso dziko.

Yomanga tchalitchi San Vitale anayamba m'chaka 527, atabwerako bishopu wa Ravenna ku Byzantium. kachisi anamangidwa pa ndalama za Greek-percenter, ndipo opatulidwira polemekeza Vitaly Milan. Patapita nthawi, tchalitchi cha kamangidwe zasintha. Choncho, mu XIII m'ma belu nsanja, m'zaka XVI inamangidwa chifukwa choopa madzi osefukira, akuluakulu a mzinda asankha kuukitsa tchalitchi lonse pamwamba pa nthaka.

Kapangidwe ali wonena za mamangidwe omwe atembenukira mpingo mu lina malo wotsatira kulambira mu Carolingian Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Mkati mwa Mpingo, mungasangalale kwa maola. Ambiri mwa chipinda ali chokongoletsedwa ndi zokongoletsa opangidwa ndi nsangalabwi, koma arches ndi mabwalo ake ali Byzantine-kalembedwe Zithunzi: zojambula akamachita nkhani wachikhristu woyambirira. Apa mutha kuona zithunzi za mfumu wa Roma Justinian ndi mkazi wake ndi gulu la nduna zake, zithunzi za ku Old Testament - chodabwitsa patundudzi ya kugaka Mose, nsembe ya Abele, ndi zina zotero ..

Visigoths mobatizira

Visigoths mobatizira inamangidwa mu VI atumwi, pansi pa Mfumu Theodoric. chochitika Izi zinachitika zaka zana pasanafike inamangidwa mobatizira wa Neon. Ravenna (Italy) ali maofesi awiri a mtundu uwu, amene ali ofanana kwambiri maonekedwe. Onse ang'ono, octagonal woboola pakati, zopangidwa ndi njerwa chomwecho.

Koma pano ndi ulemerero mkati mwa nyumba zimenezi zimasiyana kwambiri. Popeza mobatizira zinali zoti akazipereke ku achite ubatizo, izo chokongoletsedwa ndi zithunzi yoyenera. Pa mzikiti ndi wodzaza ndi zochitika zithunzi za ubatizo Khristu. Zojambula mu mobatizira Ariana anapanga kalembedwe geometrized. The Ostrogoths anali amisiri lodziwika, wodziwa luso kulipira golide, koma osati mu zithunzi zojambulajambula. Choncho, akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti chito mu mobatizira Ariana, monga, ndithudi, ndi mobatizira a Orthodox a Neon, anali alimbane ndi Akhristu Orthodox. Kuwonjezera pa zithunzi pa mzikiti, mu mobatizira zinthu kenanso kukongoletsa.

Dante a kumasiye

Alendo ochokera padziko lonse amakopeka Ravenna. Zokopa za mzinda ndi wapadera. . Mwachitsanzo, pa msewu Alighieri, mu tchalitchi cha St. Francis, ndi manda a woyambitsa "Divine Comedy" - Velikogo Dante. Anthu ambiri amadabwa chifukwa Florence anaikidwa Ravenna. Izi ndi chidwi nkhani.

Anamuponya kunja kwa Florence

Malinga ndi olemba mbiri, Dante anali nawo nkhondo pakati pa Guelphs ndi Ghibellines. Pambuyo kugonjetsa Guelphs mdani anagaŵanika magulu awiri - kuti "wakuda" ndi "woyera" - ndipo anayamba kulimbana woopsa pakati pawo. Dante a woyera, amene 1301 wogonjetsedwa. Wolemba ndakatulo analamulidwa kuti ukapolo ndipo anasankhidwa chabwino chachikulu. Pankhani ya si malipiro atabwerera ku Florence, pansi pa malamulo a nthawi, iye akanakhoza kukhala anamuwotcha pamtengo.

Dante, amene kutifotokozera anakonda Florence kwawo anakhumudwa kwambiri ndi kugwirizana. Imfa ya, iye anafotokoza mu "Paradaiso". Pambuyo pa imfa ya ndakatulo ku Florence "mwadzidzidzi" anazindikira kuti anali nzika ya malemu ndakatulo kwambiri dziko, ndipo analamula kuti boma la Ravenna kupereka phulusa lake. Mu 1519, Papa Leo X analamula kupereka zotsalira za mlakatuli, amene kunyamulidwa ku Florence. sarcophagus linatengedwa, koma munalibe kanthu.

Atalephera adzabwerenso phulusa

Mwamwayi Patapita Franciscans Ravenna adaphola benga kumanda, anachotsedwa mtembo wake ndi kukauika m'manda mobisa mu obisika Sienese. Mu 1810 amonke anasiya obisika ndipo perepryatat bokosi mu Brachchioforte, lomwe masiku ano sakhala patali ndi manda a Dante. m'bokosi anapeza pa ntchito yomanga 1865. Komabe, mmbuyo mu 1829 kumanda achikumbutsowo Dante atamangidwa ku Florence. Popeza kanthu.

Internal manda chipangizo

Ndi manda a Dante mu Ravenna ndi lopapatiza chete msewu, pa mapeto a omwe Tingaone yaing'ono koma mwaulemu chikumbutso. Bukuli lakonzedwa mu kalembedwe neoclassical mu 1780 ndi Camillo Morigami. Mkati pali urn ndi epitaph Latin, umene unali mu 1327 ndi Bernardo Kanachchio. Pamwamba urn chosema mpumulo wa P. Lombardo, chimene chimafotokoza ndakatulo, kumizidwa mu lingaliro. Iwo amagwira ntchito mwa atakhala muofesi a. Pamwamba izi Quezalcoatl anali gawo la ulemerero mkati mwa manda a Dante ili mu mpingo wa St. Francis. Ravenna, kumene kuona mosamala kwambiri kutetezedwa ndi akuluakulu a boma ndi anthu a m'dera kunyadira zipilala kwambiri ili m'gawo lake.

mausoleum wa Theodoric

Izi m'malo modzichepetsa maonekedwe ndi yaing'ono kukula mausoleum ili kunja kwa mzinda wa mzinda. Linamangidwa ndi Ostrogoths Mfumu maliro m'tsogolo. am'deralo ambiri amakhulupirira kuti popanda chipilala izi ndi zodabwitsa Ravenna (Italy). Chinthu ndi kuti mzinda sanakhale ndi moyo kuposa zipilala mwangwiro Gothic. Komanso Theodoric sanali mfumu Mkhristu, zomwe zimachititsa lapadera m'manda a malo mtundu.

Alendo ambiri mu ndemanga lipoti kuti anamenyedwa awo Ravenna. Zowoneka wa mzinda ndi osiyana kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ataona mausoleum, palibe mmodzi amaganiza kuti nyumba imeneyi akhoza kwambiri tisangalatse, makamaka akumaona yaikulu ndi otchuka matchalitchi akuluakulu a mzinda. Izi nsanja yaing'ono anamanga anajambulapo kukhala mzikiti chapakati, awiri amene mamita osakwana khumi. mausoleum inamangidwa pa malo mu mphamvu pa nthawi ya kumanda ali wokonzeka, kunja kwa mzinda wa Ravenna.

Pamene Ravenna inalandidwa ndi Mfumu Rima Yustiniana, Theodoric ananyamula mtembo wa mausoleum, ndipo anayamba ntchito yomanga monga yopemphereramo a. Choncho, alendo ayenera kudziwa kuti palibe amene anaikidwa mu mausoleum wa Theodoric: ndi sarcophagus a mtundu mdima wofiira kanthu.

Pomanga mausoleum wa ziwiri gawo, decahedral. Pansi chapamwamba pali malo kumanda, mu gawo m'munsi - ndi yopemphereramo. Ndipo kuchokera mkati ndi kunja kwa mpanda wa mausoleum alibe zokongoletsa. Mkati pali yokongola, kuwonjezera kwa sarcophagus - ". Kusamba" wamphamvu mtanda porphyry, amene chosema wapadera Today sarcophagus waima lotseguka, popanda chivundikiro, pomwe pakati pa nyumba.

M'tchalitchi cha mausoleum ndi

Ngati inu kuchitika kukaona ku Ravenna, onetsetsani kuti akaone mausoleum ndi kulabadira mzikiti ake. Iye wosemedwa kuchokera ku mwala umodzi yolemera matani oposa mazana atatu. Chotero makina kukweza pamwamba masiku amenewo kunali kosatheka, koma omanga anapeza njira pachiyambi - ndi mausoleum anali zophimbidwa ndi dziko lapansi ndi mzikiti yaikulu Nakatu anakoka, kenako pansi kunachotsedwa.

Ife ndinakuuzani inu za ena chabe mwa zowoneka, amene anatchuka chifukwa Ravenna. m'mudzimo zodabwitsa, ambiri malo osangalatsa pano. Tikukhulupirira kuti inu adzakhala ndi mwayi kupita ku Italy ndi kuwona malo osangalatsa Ravenna maso athu.