Kodi khungu mitsempha? Maselo ya ubongo

Thupi la munthu linapangidwa ndi maselo thililiyoni yekha ubongo lili pafupifupi 100 biliyoni manyuroni, mosiyanasiyana ndi makulidwe. funso lakuti: Kodi selo mitsempha, nanga kumasiyana ndi maselo ena mu thupi?

Zida maselo mantha

Ngati maselo ena ambiri thupi, maselo mitsempha ndi phata. Koma poyerekeza ndi ena, ali wapadera, monga iwo ndi yaitali, nthambi ulusi-ngati kuti kunyamula zikhumbo mitsempha.

Maselo ya ubongo ofanana ndi ena, monga ozingidwa ndi selo nembanemba, ndi pakati munali majini cytoplasm, mitochondria ndi organelles ena. Iwo PALI njira lofunika ma monga mapuloteni kaphatikizidwe ndi kupanga mphamvu.

Manyuroni ndi zikhumbo mitsempha

Mantha dongosolo tichipeza misempha. Mitsempha - mtolo maselo mitsempha. maselo mitsempha popereka mauthenga ena, amatchedwa ubongo. Deta yomwe kunditumiza ku manyuroni anacemerwa zikhumbo mitsempha. Monga zikhumbo za magetsi ali anasamutsa zambiri pa mlingo zosaneneka. Perekani kudya kusonyeza axons wa manyuroni, wapadera lokutidwa myelin m'chimake.

chipolopolo chino chikulongosola axon monga zokutira pulasitiki pa nthambo za magetsi ndi limalola zikhumbo mitsempha kuyenda mofulumira. Kodi ubongo? Iye ali ndi mawonekedwe wapadera kuti amalola popereka chizindikiro kwa chipinda wina ndi mzake. minyewa A idzafotokoza zazikulu zitatu: selo thupi, dendrites ndi kuchuluka kwa axon umodzi.

mitundu ya manyuroni

Manyuroni zambiri wachinsinsi pamaziko a ntchito imene amasewera mu thupi. Pali mitundu iwiri yaikulu ya manyuroni - imalandira ndi galimoto. manyuroni kwenikweni kuchititsa zikhumbo mitsempha kuchokera ku ziwalo kwenikweni ndi ziwalo dongosolo chapakati mantha (CNS). Minyewa M'malo mwake, kunyamula zikhumbo mitsempha ku CNS kwa ziwalo, zopangitsa ndi akatumba.

mantha dongosolo maselo imakonzedwa kuti onse a mitundu manyuroni ntchito pamodzi. manyuroni imalandira kunyamula zokhudza chilengedwe mkati ndi kunja. deta awa ntchito kutumiza chizindikiro kudzera manyuroni injini kuti ndikuuzeni thupi mmene tiyenera kuchita mfundo.

synapse

Malo axon wa minyewa munthu amakumana dendrites mzake amatchedwa synapse. Manyuroni kumvana kudzera mwa ndondomeko electrochemical. Choncho zimene kubwera zinthu mankhwala otchedwa timene.

thupi la selo

chipangizo selo mitsempha amafuna kukhalapo mu thupi la phata selo ndi organelles ena. Dendrites ndi axons olumikiza thupi selo, amatikumbutsa cheza ndi wochokera dzuwa. The dendrites kulandira zikhumbo ku maselo ena mitsempha. Axons zimafalitsa zikhumbo mitsempha maselo ena.

minyewa wina akhoza kukhala zikwi dendrites, choncho angathe kulankhula ndi zikwi za maselo ena. Axon TACHIMATA myelin m'chimake - mafuta wosanjikiza cholekanitsa ndi amalola popereka chizindikiro mofulumira.

mitochondria

Mafunso mmene kumanga khungu mitsempha, nkofunika kuona zinthu udindo kusowa mphamvu kagayidwe kachakudya, amene kenako mosavuta kuwataya. Mu ndondomeko iyi, ntchito yaikulu ankaimba ndi mitochondria. organelles izi yawoyawo kunja ndi mkati nembanemba awo.

Ndiwo mphamvu kwa wamanjenje dongosolo ndi shuga. Mitochondria muli michere zofunika kutembenuza shuga mu mankhwala mphamvu kulemera, makamaka molekyulu adenosine triphosphate (ATP), lomwe kenako kusamutsidwa kwa ena a thupi kuti muyenera mphamvu zawo.

pachimake

A ndondomeko zovuta za kaphatikizidwe mapuloteni kumayambira phata selo. minyewa phata kakunena majini kuti awasungira monga mizere yosiyanasiyana ya deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Aliyense molekyulu DNA muli malamulo majini maselo onse m'thupi.

Zikuyamba mu ndondomeko pakati yomanga zedi, polemba gawo lolingana pa malamulo DNA kwa mamolekyulu Kugwirizana kwa asidi ribonucleic (RNA). Kumasulidwa ku phata mu madzimadzi extracellular, iwo hule mapuloteni kaphatikizidwe ndondomeko, imene naonsO angapezekeko wotchedwa nucleoli. Mlatho osiyana mkati pakati, ndi udindo kumanga maofesi maselo, wotchedwa ribosomes, nawo kaphatikizidwe mapuloteni.

Kodi mukudziwa mmene kumanga khungu mitsempha?

Manyuroni - ndi maselo ambiri akhama ndi yaitali mu thupi! Ena mwa iwo zasungidwa mu thupi pa moyo wawo. maselo ena amafa, iwo m'malo mwa atsopano, koma manyuroni ambiri sangathe m'malo. Ndi zaka, iwo kukhala kuchepa. Choncho mawu amene maselo mitsempha musati buluzi. Komabe, izi mochedwa 20 maphunziro m'ma kutsimikizira zosiyana. Mwa malo a ubongo, ndi hippocampus, manyuroni latsopano akhoza kukula ngakhale akuluakulu.

Manyuroni kungakhale ndithu lalikulu ndi kukhala kutalika mamita angapo (corticospinal ndi afferent). Mu chaka cha 1898, odziwika bwino katswiri wa mantha dongosolo Kamillo Goldzhi lipoti anapeza wake - chipangizo riboni ngati, okhazikika mu manyuroni mu cerebellum lapansi. chipangizo ichi tsopano lili ndi dzina la Mlengi wake ndi chikudziwika ngati "Golgi zida".

Kuchokera momwe kupanga selo mitsempha, ayenera kumatanthauza monga maziko structural ndi zinchito wagawo ya ubongo, kuphunzira mfundo zosavuta kuti atha kutumikira ngati chinsinsi kuthetsa mavuto ambiri. Zimenezi zikugwira makamaka dongosolo autonomic mantha, amene limapangidwa miyandamiyanda ya maselo inakula.