Maselo mitsempha ndi dongosolo lawo

Mitsempha maselo amene amapanga minofu mitsempha, ndi mitundu iwiri: neurocytes (manyuroni), ndi maselo glial (maselo glial). Manyuroni anazindikira kuyabwa, kupoletsa angathe kuchitapo kanthu wochititsidwa ndi kupatsira zikhumbo mitsempha kukumana ndi mzake ndi glia maselo kupereka zinthu kwa mulingo woyenera lizigwira manyuroni, i.e. wodzipatula iwo, kuteteza ndi kutenga nawo mbali mu nzeru owayimira ndi Kugawilidwa kwanthaka chinthu neurocytes kukula.

Malinga lero, mutu ubongo wa munthu uli biliyoni 25. Manyuroni, magawo awiri a iwo zili kotekisi, ndipo chiwerengero cha maselo glial ndi za nthawi 10 apamwamba.

minyewa

maselo mitsempha muli manyuroni, ndiwo waukulu structural ndi zinchito mchitidwe wamanjenje dongosolo. Minyewa - njira selo kukula kwa 4-130 microns, wopangidwa mwa thupi ndipo zokhudzana amene ali mitundu iwiri: za axon ndi dendrites. Scion ya mitsempha selo - axon - mwinamwake otchedwa neurites. njira kutalika ndi 1.5 m. Axon selo imodzi yokha, yaitali, pang'ono nthambi; adalira kwa thupi selo ndi zimachitika. Dendrites amakhala ochuluka, kwambiri nthambi, lalifupi. Malinga ndi iye zimachitika umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa thupi la ubongo wa. Manyuroni chibadidwe zazikulu kugawanika, zimachititsa zikhumbo mitsempha yekha mu njira imodzi - kuchokera dendrite kuti axon. Ndi, minyewa mu dongosolo lake akufanana ndi nyuzi. Thupi selo zimagwiritsa ntchito ya trophism poyerekezera ndi ndondomeko. Thupi mawonekedwe angakhale osiyana - kuchokera pyramidal kuti anamaliza.

mitundu ya manyuroni

maselo mitsempha chiwerengero cha njira anawagawa mitundu yambiri zofunika.

• unipolar - kukhala ndondomeko umodzi okha axon. Maselo amenewa unalipo mu mazira monga chinthu wapakatikati mu chitukuko cha neurocytes;
• Maganizo - munali axon ndi dendrite. Maselo amenewa mitsempha munthu ali mu diso ndi khutu mkati;
• multipolar - adzalandira njira 2 kapena zambiri, ndi axon ndi dendrites. Ndi mtundu ambiri minyewa m'thupi, iwo onse ali mu zigawo chapakati ya ubongo ndi zotumphukira;
• psevdounipolyarnye maselo - kupitirira limodzi ndondomeko wamba, kuphatikizapo axon ndi dendrite, ndipo patapita lagawidwa maselo awiri osiyana thupi. manyuroni izi ochititsa kuti zili mfundo za cranial ndi msana.

Kapangidwe ka maselo mitsempha

Neurilemma selo chivundikiro, amene kuwonjezera chotchinga, ndi nzeru cholandilira ntchito, amachita ntchito yeniyeni ya mitsempha mtima.

maselo mitsempha ndi cytoplasm, womwenso organelles ambiri (mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, pakati selo, zida Golgi, lysosomes) ndi organelle kuulemu, otchedwa neurofibrils. selo mitsempha phata wowala, kuzungulira, lili nucleoli imodzi kapena ziwiri.

Mitundu Cell malinga cholinga chawo

Malinga ndi kopita maselo zinchito mitsempha anawagawira mu chipangizo, galimoto ndi intercalary.

Imalandira manyuroni - maselo amenewa, thupi limene lili mu ganglia a dongosolo zotumphukira. Dendrites maselo amenewa tcheru mapeto n'kukathera, ndi axon pamene tizitsogoleredwa mu ubongo tsinde kapena msana.

maselo Intercalary mitsempha udindo kupatsira minyewa malemeredwe.

Njinga kapena secretory maselo amatchedwa malingana kapangidwe (minofu CHIKWANGWANI kapena chitsulo) komwe axon awo ikutha.

Palinso kuthandiza maselo mitsempha, otchedwa maselo glial kuti mumakhala manyuroni Chrixitu.

Ependimotsity ofanana zaminyewa minofu kumalumikiza M'mimbamo ndi ubongo ndi msana. Ntchito yawo - zothangatira ndi demarcation.

Astrocytes ndi mnogootrostchatymi yaing'ono maselo nyenyezi woboola pakati. Mwa kukulitsa njira ya astrocytes ndi protoplasmic ndi fibrous.

ulusi mitsempha anapanga ku njira ya maselo mitsempha ndi lemmotsitov. Kunja CHIKWANGWANI mantha TACHIMATA ndi m'chimake zonyalazo fibrous lotayirira connective minofu, ndilo lotchedwa lamina woyambira.