Otchedwa angathe kuchitapo kanthu?

The ntchito ziwalo ndipo zimakhala za thupi lathu kumatengera zifukwa zambiri. Maselo ena (cardiomyocytes ndi misempha) zimadalira kufala kwa zikhumbo za mitsempha kwaiye zigawo kugawa maselo kapena mfundo. Maziko a mitsempha Apa ndi mapangidwe yeniyeni malemeredwe timaganiza, okhala ndi dzina la angathe kuchitapo kanthu.

Ndi chiyani icho?

Action angathe amatchedwa yoweyula malemeredwe chimachititsanso selo iliyonse. Chifukwa mapangidwe ake ndi kufala kudzera nembanemba cha ndende amapezeka kusintha chosakhalitsa chiweruzo chawo (bwinobwino mbali mkati nembanemba ndi zoipa mlandu lakunja - zabwino). Anapanga yoweyula kumathandiza kusintha katundu wa njira ion maselo, imbaenda recharging nembanemba lapansi. Pa nthawi imene ntchito kuthekera umadutsa Kakhungu, pali kusintha mwachidule mlandu wake, chifukwa mu kusintha katundu selo.

Izi mapangidwe yoweyula magwero machitidwe a mphamvu CHIKWANGWANI, ndi mtima wa dongosolo ulendo.

Ngati kuphwanya mapangidwe ake akupanga matenda ambiri, kupanga chizindikiritso cha zochita angathe zofunika zochita zovuta zachipatala-matenda.

Monga momwe chomwecho angathe kuchitapo kanthu, ndipo ndi mmene iye?

Mbiri ya kafukufuku

Kuphunzira pakutchulidwa wa malemeredwe mu maselo ndi ulusi anayamba kalekale. wake woyamba anaona maonekedwe a akatswiri amene afufuza zotsatira za zikuchitika zosiyanasiyana poyera tibial mitsempha a chule lapansi. Iwo anaona kuti atadziŵa njira kuikapo maganizo a mchere edible anali anati chidule minofu.

Mu kuwonjezera maphunziro kuti Anapitiriza ndi Madokotala aubongo, koma sayansi zofunika pambuyo sayansi kuti amaphunzira angathe kuchitapo kanthu - Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa. Izo zatsimikiziridwa ndi physiologists pamaso pa kuthekera kanthu maselo mtima ndi misempha.

Ndi kuzama aliko ndi kuthekera zina zinaoneka mu maphunziro a Zoyenereza.

njira inakhazikitsidwa kuyambira chiyambi cha m'ma 19, kulola kuti akonze kupezeka angathe deta ndi kuyeza kukula. Panopa fixation ndi kuphunzira Zoyenereza kanthu ikuchitika maphunziro awiri malangizo - ndi electrocardiogram ndi electroencephalogram.

Limagwirira angathe kuchitapo

malemeredwe mapangidwe kumachitika chifukwa kusintha mu ndende okhudza maselo ambiri a soda ndi potaziyamu ayoni. Mwachibadwa, selo lili potaziyamu kuposa ndi sodium. Extracellular ndi sodium ion ndende ndi wamkulu kwambiri kuposa cytoplasm lapansi. Kusintha anachititsa zochita angathe amathandiza kusintha kuyang'anira pa Kakhungu ndi, umene panopa chifukwa cha ayoni ndi sodium mu selo. Chifukwa cha kusintha mlandu kunja ndi mkati maselo (cytoplasm ndithu mlandu malo akunja - ndi negative.

Izi zachitika kuti magawowa Ndime ya mafunde khola.

Kamodzi yoweyula wakhala opatsirana kudutsa synapse ndi, n'zosiyana kuchira mlandu kumachitika chifukwa panopa mu selo zoipa mlandu mankhwala enaake ayoni. Bwererani ku mulingo koyamba mlandu kunja ndi mkati mwa selo, imbaenda kuna mapangidwe lingathe kupumula.

Nthawi zina ndi malemeredwe interleaved. Maselo nthenda onsewa akhale osiyana ndi mapangidwe PD adzakhala kumeneko kumvera malamulo ena ambiri.

gawo PD

Pa angathe kuchitapo kanthu akhoza kugawidwa mu magawo angapo.

Gawo loyamba chikuchitika mpaka mlingo kuweruza depolarization (anakafika kanthu angathe analimbikitsa pang'onopang'ono lililonse Kakhungu zomwe kufika pamlingo pazipita, kawirikawiri ndi za -90 meV). gawo limeneli limatchedwa predspayk. Iwo ikuchitika ndi kulowa mu khungu la ayoni ndi sodium.

Gawo lotsatira - kuthekera pachimake (kapena kukwera) ndipamene parabola ndi ngodya pachimake pamene kotulukira lingathe njira Kakhungu depolarization (kudya) ndi kutsika gawo - repolarization.

Chachitatu gawo - angathe zoipa kufufuza za - kufufuza limasonyeza depolarization (kusintha kuchokera depolarization pachimake amaima). Chifukwa pakhomo la ayoni chlorine mu selo.

Mu ndime yachinayi, gawo zabwino mme- kuthekera, nembanemba amabwerera koyamba mlandu mlingo.

gawo deta chifukwa angathe kuchitapo kanthu, mosamalitsa kutsatira akutiakuti.

kanthu ntchito kuthekera

Mosakayikira, chitukuko angathe kuchitapo kanthu ndi zofunika ntchito kwa maselo ena. ntchito makamaka kwa kukondoweza kwa mtima. Popanda mtima akanatero chabe anafooka thupi, koma chifukwa Wofalitsa maselo onse a mtima ndi kuchepetsa, lomwe limathandiza kukankhira magazi mwa bedi mtima, zawachitikira izo a zimakhala onse ndi ziwalo.

Mantha dongosolo komanso sanathe bwino kukwaniritsa ntchito yake popanda kuthekera kanthu. Akuluakulu sangathe kulandira chizindikiro kuchita ntchito inayake, chifukwa adzakhala chabe wopanda pake. Komanso kusintha mitsempha mopupuluma kufala kwa ulusi mitsempha (maonekedwe a myelin ndi mfundo za Ranvier) titha kupereka chizindikiro mu nkhani masekondi, ndi zomwe zinachititsa kuti chitukuko cha bongo ndi kayendedwe sadziwa.

Kuwonjezera kachitidwe aka limba, angathe kuchitapo kanthu amapangidwa maselo ena ambiri Komabe, limene amachita mbali yekha mu ntchito ya ntchito zawo zenizeni selo.

The zikamera wa angathe kuchitapo kanthu mu mtima

Thupi waukulu, ozikidwa pa mfundo za mapangidwe angathe kuchitapo kanthu ndi mtima. Chifukwa kuli mapangidwe zimachitika ikuchitika mfundo ntchito ya pa limba amene ntchito ndi kupulumutsa magazi kwa zimakhala ndi ziwalo.

Generation angathe kuchitapo kanthu mu mtima chidzachitika mfundo nkusani. Malowa ali pamtunda pa confluence a vena cava kwa atrium bwino. Kuyambira pamenepo, adzionere propagates pamodzi ndi ulusi dongosolo mtima conduction - kuchokera mfundo kuti pawiri atrioventricular. Adapyola chipika nthambi mtolo, yeniyeni, pa miyendo yake, adzionere akudutsa lamanja ndi kumanzere ventricle. Izi thicker anakonza njira bwino za - ulusi Purkinje kudzera amene malemeredwe ukufika maselo mtima uliwonse.

The kanthu angathe cardiomyocytes ndi constituent, ie, Izo zimatengera kuchepetsa maselo onse a minofu mtima. Pa chipika katundu (pambuyo chilonda m'mnyewa wamtima) mapangidwe anawawidwa angathe kuchitapo kanthu, omwe chili electrocardiogram lapansi.

mantha dongosolo

Monga PD aumbike mwa manyuroni - maselo ya ubongo. Ndi zonse pang'ono mosavuta.

Kunja zimachitika pozindikira njira selo mitsempha - dendrites kugwirizana ndi maselo ili mu khungu, ndipo zimakhala ena onse (akupuma kuchita ndi kanthu kuthekera komanso m'malo mnzake). Kukondoweza akapsa mapangidwe angathe kuchitapo mwa iwo, kenako zimachitika thupi la selo mitsempha ndi mu dzanja yaitali ake - axon, ndipo kuchokera kumeneko kudzera synapses - maselo ena. Choncho, anapanga malemeredwe yoweyula ukufika ubongo.

Mbali A ya ubongo ndi kukhalapo mitundu iwiri ya ulusi - lokutidwa kapena popanda myelin. The zikamera wa nyumba ndi kutengerapo ake ulusi umene ndi myelin, ndi zambiri mofulumira kuposa demielinezirovannyh.

zodabwitsazi zimawonedwa chifukwa chakuti kufala kwa PD myelinated ulusi zotsatira ku "kulumpha" - zimachitika skips mbali myelin, chifukwa mu amachepetsa njira yake ndipo motero, mofulumira kufala.

kuthekera mpumulo

Popanda chitukuko cha lingathe kupumula sipakanakhala angathe kuchitapo kanthu. Mu kuthekera quiescent kuzindikira kwabwino, unexcited boma selo imene mlandu mkati ndi kunja nembanemba ndi zimasiyana (i.e., kunja Kakhungu ali ndithu mlandu, ndipo mkati - zoipa). kuthekera zina zikusonyeza kusiyana pakati pa milandu mkati ndi kunja kwa chipinda. Kawirikawiri zambiri kuchokera meV -50 kuti -110. Ulusi mitsempha, mtengo uwu ambiri -70 MeV.

Ndi chifukwa Kusamuka kwa ayoni mankhwala enaake mu khungu ndi kulenga mlandu zoipa kumbali mkati nembanemba lapansi.

Pamene kusintha anthu ambiri ayoni okhudza maselo ambiri (monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa) PP m'malo PD.

Mwachibadwa, maselo onse a m'thupi ndi mu boma nthaka, kotero kusintha angathe tinganene kuti ndondomeko physiologically zofunika, chifukwa popanda iwo sangathe ntchito machitidwe mtima ndi mantha.

Zimene kuphunzira mtendere zomanga ndi kanthu

Akupuma kuchita ndi kanthu Zoyenereza angathe kudziwa chikhalidwe cha thupi, komanso ziwalo payekha.

Pereka angathe kanthu kwa mtima (ECG) kudziwa chikhalidwe chake ndi mphamvu zinchito m'madi- zake zonse. Ngati kuphunzira ndi wabwinobwino EKG, izo Tingaone kuti mano zonse kumasonyeza angathe kuchitapo kanthu ndipo ndiye ena onse angathe (mogwirizana ndi zimenezi, a matenda Zoyenereza deta amasonyeza P yoweyula ndi kufala kwa malemeredwe mu ventricles wa - dzino R).

Ndi za kwa electroencephalogram, kuti pa izo maonekedwe a mafunde osiyana ndi kaimbidwe (makamaka, Alefa ndi beta mafunde mu umunthu wathanzi) ndi chifukwa pakutchulidwa wa Zoyenereza kanthu mu manyuroni ubongo.

Maphunziro awa choti yake kudziwa pakhale makamaka ndondomeko matenda ndi chifukwa pafupifupi 50 peresenti ya mankhwala koyamba bwino matenda.