Ubongo wa munthu: kapangidwe

Ubongo wa munthu amapereka kugwirizana ndi ulamuliro wa ntchito yonse thupi ofunikira kugwira ntchito bwinobwino, ndiponso asaaonerera khalidwe. Zilakolako, maganizo, mtima - zonse chikugwirizana ndi ubongo. Ngati thupi ili si kugwira ntchito munthu amakhala "mbewu."

Ubongo wa munthu: mapangidwe

Brain - ofananira dongosolo Komabe, ngati ziwalo zina zambiri. ubongo kulemera pa kubadwa pafupifupi magalamu, mu akula kuti akulemera chimodzi ndi theka makilogalamu. Poganizira kapangidwe ka ubongo wa munthu, ife athanso kudziwa hemispheres awiri amene anabisidwa pansi mapangidwe kwambiri. Hemispheric yokutidwa convolutions achilendo, yowonjezera ya medulla akunja. Kumbuyo - cerebellum, m'munsi - thunthu, amene amapita ku chingwe msana. Ndipo pa thunthu, ndi ku msana misempha nthambi kunja, ndi iye mfundo ku maselo ku ubongo chatsanulidwa, ndi kwa iwo ubongo wa munthu anatumiza chizindikiro kwa minofu ndi zopangitsa.

Mkati ubongo ali ndi zinthu zoyera amapanga ulusi mitsempha kuti kulumikiza zigawo zosiyana za thupi ndi kupanga pakati pawo misempha anakafika ziwalo zina, ndi mankhwala imvi kupanga kotekisi oziziritsa ndi Amakhala makamaka wa matupi selo mitsempha. Ubongo wa munthu zimatetezedwa ndi chigaza - fupa choncho. Zinthu zilipo mwa limba ndi fupa makoma olekanitsidwa ndi zipolopolo zitatu: olimba (kunja), zofewa (mkati) ndi chabwino arachnoid. Danga chifukwa pakati zipolopolo ladzala ndi zikuchokera ofanana ndi madzi a m'magazi, CSF (cerebrospinal) madzi. Zinabala madzimadzi kwambiri mu ventricles ubongo - ndi cavities mkati, udindo wake - kupereka ubongo wa munthu ndi zofunika zakudya.

The carotid mitsempha kupereka makope oziziritsa, iwo zidzasankhidwa pansi pa nthambi zazikulu kuti athandize madera osiyana a ubongo. N'zosadabwitsa kuti ubongo mosalekeza alandira 20 peresenti ya magazi kufalitsidwa mu thupi, ngakhale limba kulemera kwa thupi okwana munthu peresenti 2.5 okha. Pamodzi ndi magazi ubongo aziwapatsa mpweya, kuwapatsa zofunika kwambiri, monga nkhokwe thupi mwini mphamvu ndi otsika.

maselo a mu ubongo

Maselo, wotchedwa manyuroni, ndi chapakati mantha dongosolo. Iwo ali ndi udindo processing zambiri. Ubongo wa munthu uli pa 5 ndi 20 biliyoni manyuroni. Kupatula izi, pano mu thupi la maselo glial, amene ali pafupifupi nthawi 10 kuposa manyuroni. maselo Glial kupanga mafupa minofu mitsempha, mudzaze danga pakati manyuroni. Ngati wina aliyense maselo, manyuroni amacheza ndi Kakhungu plasma. Maselo kuwonjezera njira - axons (zambiri mu mmodzi kutalika selo axon kuchokera angapo masentimita kwa mamita angapo) ndipo dendrites (chilichonse minyewa dendrites ambiri, nthambi ndi waufupi).

Ubongo wa munthu: m'madipatimenti

Conventionally, ubongo lagawidwa m'magawo atatu: kutsogolo ubongo, tsinde, cerebellum. The forebrain lagawidwa hemispheres awiri, thalamus (phata imalandira amalandira mauthenga kuchokera ku ziwalo zina ndi kupatsira kuti kotekisi imalandira) ndi ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha (dera kulamulira ntchito homeostatic), pituitary - zofunika England. Chigawo - mbali yaikulu ya ubongo cholukanalukana corpus callosum - mtengo axons. Aliyense Chigawo ali occipital, parietal, kanthawi ndi mazunzo lobes. Thunthu zikuphatikizapo ndi medulla oblongata (mmunsi mwa thunthu wakupambana mu chingwe msana), ndi pons (wokhudzana ndi ulusi cerebellum mitsempha) ndi midbrain (kudzera kwa chingwe msana ndi galimoto njira). cerebellum ili pansi pa lobes occipital wa hemispheres ubongo, izo asaaonerera pa udindo wa thunthu, miyendo mutu, n'chofunikira chachikulu kupoletsa luso galimoto.