Anayeza cheza ndi chiyani? cheza ionizing

Lingaliro la "cheza" n'chosasunthika maganizo athu monga chodabwitsa zoipa ndi zoopsa. Komabe, anthu kupitiriza ntchito pa zofuna zawo. Kodi ndi kwenikweni? anayeza cheza ndi chiyani? Kodi izo zimakhudza zamoyo?

Cheza ndi mpweya wa poizoni

Latin mawu cheza cheza likumasuliridwa kuti "kuwala", "magetsi", ndi liwu Choncho amaimira ndondomeko mphamvu umuna. Mphamvu propagates mu mlengalenga mwa mawonekedwe a mitsinje particles ndi mafunde.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya cheza - kungakhale matenthedwe (infuraredi) kuwala, ultraviolet, ionizing. Otsiriza ndi owopsa ndipo zoipa, apa mulinso Alpha, beta, Popanga madzi a gamma, nyutironi ndi X-ray. Ndi wosaoneka tosaoneka particles angathe ionizing thunthu.

Cheza samabwera paokha aumbike mwa zinthu kapena zinthu ndi katundu wina. The mtima ma atomu a zinthuzi osalimba kuwola awo amayamba limatulutsa mphamvu. Luso la zinthu ndi nzika kuti ionizing (mpweya wa poizoni) cheza otchedwa mpweya wa poizoni.

magwero nyukiliya

Mosiyana ndi maganizo cheza - izo ziri chabe nyukiliya zomera mphamvu ndi mabomba, tisaiwale kuti pali mitundu iwiri ya izo: zachilengedwe ndi yokumba. Woyamba alipo kulikonse. Mu mlengalenga zikhoza zimatulutsa nyenyezi monga dzuŵa wathu.

Padziko Lapansi, mpweya wa poizoni madzi, nthaka, mchenga, koma cheza mlingo mu nkhani iyi si lalikulu kwambiri. Awa akhoza osiyanasiyana monga 5 25 roentgens yaying'ono paola. Luso cheza ndipo ali ndi dziko palokha. matumbo ake akupanga ndi kuchuluka kwa chuma nyukiliya, mwachitsanzo, malasha kapena ureniamu. katundu izi ngakhale njerwa.

Amapanga cheza anthu analandira kokha m'zaka za m'ma XX. Munthu waphunzira ntchito pa zinthu pachimake wosakhazikika kutulutsa mphamvu kuti imathandizira kayendedwe ka particles mlandu. Chifukwa, monga zitsulo cheza gwero, mphamvu za nyukiliya ndi zida za nyukiliya zida matenda ndi sterilizing mankhwala.

anayeza cheza ndi chiyani?

cheza umuna limodzi ndi njira zosiyanasiyana, pali mayunitsi zingapo zomwe zimene ionizing mafunde ndi mafunde. Mayina zimene kuwayeza cheza, kodi amaganizira mayina a sayansi amene anaonapo ake. Choncho, pali becquerel, curie, pakhosi zosonyeza ndi X-ray. Pakuti cholinga ziyenera cheza anayeza katundu wa zipangizo nyukiliya :

Amene amadza chifukwa cha mpweya wa poizoni zimakhudzira si amoyo anayeza motere:

Zotsatira cheza pa zamoyo:

kukhudzana anthu

Cheza cheza angachititse masinthidwe mpaka kalekale kwachilengedwenso mu thupi. Chabwino particles - ayoni ozama mu minofu amoyo akhoza kuswa zomangira pakati mamolekyulu. Kumene, mmene zimadalira cheza mlingo analandira. Natural maziko cheza si owopsa kwa moyo, ndipo inu simungakhoze kuchotsa izo.

Zotsatira cheza anthu amatchedwa walitsa. Kungakhale somatic (thupi) ndi chibadwa. Zotsatira Somatic cheza ndi anawonetseredwa mu mawonekedwe a matenda osiyana: zotupa, leukemias, matenda a ziwalo. Chiwonetsero chachikulu cha matenda cheza cha kusinthasintha mwamphamvu.

Zotsatira majini cheza ndi akuwonetseredwa mu kuphwanya matupi umuna kapena zingadwalitse m'mibadwo yanu. Mmodzi mwa maonekedwe a mmene chibadwa cha masinthidwe.

The ozama luso cheza

Mwatsoka, anthu akhala mwayi kupeza amene ali ndi mphamvu cheza. Ngozi zimene zinachitika mu Ukraine ndi Japan, mmene miyoyo ya anthu ambiri. Isanafike Chernobyl ndi Fukushima ambiri dziko sakuganiza za limagwirira cheza cha kanthu ndi miyeso losavuta chitetezo.

Ionizing cheza ndi tinthu kapena mtsinje wa photons, lili mitundu ingapo, omwe ali mphamvu yake ozama. The anafooka ali Alpha cheza kapena particles. Chotchinga ngakhale khungu ndi zovala woonda kwa iwo. Kuopsa ukangokhudzana mwachindunji ndi mapapo kapena kapepala m'mimba.

The particles beta ndi ma elekitironi, kuchedwa awo woonda galasi, zipangizo matabwa. X-ray ndi Popanga madzi a gamma-ray kudutsa zinthu ndi nsalu ali bwino. Iwo akhoza kugwira mbale kutsogolera mita wandiweyani, kapena makumi angapo mamita konkire. Nyutironi cheza kumachitika pamene ntchito yokumba pa zimene nyukiliya.

Ndi kuteteza kuchokera ku zipangizo ntchito munali wa hydrogen, beryllium, graphite, ntchito madzi, polyethylene phula.

Pomaliza

M'lingaliro yotakata, cheza - cheza ndi ndondomeko Wochokera iliyonse. Kawirikawiri mawu ntchito m'njira imene ionizing cheza - akukhamukira particles pulayimale zimene zingakhudze zinthu ndi zamoyo. Zotsatira cheza angakhale osiyana, izo zonse zimadalira mlingo.

Ndi cheza zachilengedwe timakumana ndi tsiku, chifukwa ndi onse otizungulira. kuchuluka kwake ndi zambiri yaing'ono. cheza yokumba akhoza kukhala zoopsa kwambiri, ndi zotsatira za zimenezo.