Mitundu ya nsalu angapange, makhalidwe awo

zamakono yakhudza muzochitika zones za zochita za anthu. Mwina makampani nsalu - chitsanzo chidwi kwambiri pa sayansi mu utumiki wa banja tsiku ndi tsiku. Chifukwa kaphatikizidwe mankhwala munthuyu atauzidwa kuti apange ulusi ndi katundu ankafuna. Tiyenera kusiyanitsa yokumba ndi kupanga nsalu.

Kupanga ulusi wopangidwa kuchokera ma polima opangidwa ndi zina zosiyanasiyana mankhwala. zipangizo yaiwisi muli mafuta, gasi kapena malasha. Nsalu angapange ndi katundu wapadera chopangidwa zovala, zozitetezera zinthu monyanyira, mawonekedwe.

ulusi kupanga amapangidwa ndi processing thupi la zipangizo. The wodziwika chitsanzo cha nsalu otere viscose kuwapeza mapadi (nkhuni).

Nsalu anapangidwa kuchokera ulusi kupanga ndi zinthu zambiri ndi kuipa poyerekeza ndi zipangizo achilengedwe.

General katundu ulusi kupanga

Ngakhale zosiyanasiyana awo onse, mapulasitiki kwambiri ndi mbali wamba. Ndi nsalu kupanga ubwino monga khalidwe.

• Kwake. nsalu yokumba akweza avale kukana, musati kuvunda, kuwonongeka ndi tizirombo ndi amatha kuumba. Special oyeretsa luso ndi wotsatira ankaudaya ulusi amapereka mtundu fastness. Ena kupanga nsalu gulu kusokonekera kwa dzuwa.
• Lightness. Zovala zopangidwa ndi synthetics akulemera zochepa kwambiri kuposa zachilengedwe.
• Uphwetsa msanga. Ambiri ulusi kupanga musati kuyamwa chinyontho kapena kufumbwa katundu madzi, i.e. ndi otsika hygroscopicity.
• Chifukwa kupanga zikuluzikulu mafakitale ndi mtengo wotsika feedstock, zimakhala kwambiri yokumba ndi otsika mu mtengo. Mu kupanga kupeza zokolola mkulu ndi mtengo wotsika, amene kumapangitsa chitukuko cha mafakitale. opanga ambiri zonse makhalidwe njira zamakono zinthu mogwirizana ndi zofuna za makasitomala lalikulu.

Kuipa chifukwa cha chinthu chimene nkhani yokumba kungakhale anapotoza pa zamoyo.

• Synthetics kudziunjikira magetsi malo amodzi (inasangalatsa).
• Mukhoza kuona chifuwa, hypersensitivity kwa zigawo mankhwala.
• Ambiri, zimakhala yokumba musati kuyamwa chinyontho - moyenera, musati kuyamwa thukuta ndipo ndi katundu wochepa ukhondo.
• Musalole mpweya - M'pofunikanso kwa kupanga zovala ndi nsalu.

Ena katundu ulusi kupanga akhoza anzeru zabwino ndi zoipa, malinga ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, ngati nsalu si breathable, ndi unhygienic kuti avale tsiku ndi tsiku. Koma zovala chapamwamba zakuthupi chonchi koyenera ndithu kuti adziteteze nyengo siili bwino.

Kupanga minofu kupanga

The eni luso loyamba chifukwa cha kutulukira ulusi kupanga ikukhudzana bwanji ndi nthawi ya 30-ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo. Mu 1932 ku Germany ndi katswiri yopanga PVC CHIKWANGWANI. Mu 1935, mu zasayansi wa kampani American DuPont apanga polyamide. Mabukuwa amatchedwa "nayiloni". Industrial kupanga linayamba mu 1938, ndipo patapita chaka, iye ankagwiritsa ntchito mu makampani nsalu.

Lamulo Soviet kumuwonetsa yotakata zomwe zimapangidwira walandiridwa mu 60s lapansi. Poyamba synthetics anazindikira m'malo wotchipa nsalu zachilengedwe ndipo kenako anayamba ntchito kupanga yunifolomu ndipo masuti zozitetezera. Ndi chitukuko cha m'munsi sayansi anayamba kulenga nsalu ndi katundu osiyana. The ma polima buku ndi ubwino osatsutsika pa nsalu chachilengedwe: opepuka, wamphamvu ndi zambiri kugonjetsedwa ndi dzimbiri.

yokumba ndi kupanga nsalu amasiyana njira kupanga ndi chuma cha akalozera kupanga. zipangizo kupanga synthetics ndi mtengo kwambiri ndipo mosavuta, kotero nthambi izi malonda walandira patsogolo chitukuko. Macromolecules ulusi apanga kwa mankhwala otsika maselo kulemera. umisiri Current mabuku ndi makhalidwe anakonzeratu.

Yarns anapangidwa kuchokera chimasungunula kapena njira. Iwo akhoza kukhala wosakwatiwa, zovuta kapena mu mawonekedwe a mitolo ya ulusi kupeza kutalika ena (ndiye iwo kutulutsa ulusi). Komanso filaments anapanga zipangizo filimu mwakemu (zinthu zovala ndi nsapato) ya misa kupanga choyambirira.

zosiyanasiyana synthetics

Panopa anatulukira zikwi zingapo ulusi mankhwala ndi zipangizo zatsopano zikuonekera chaka chilichonse. Malinga ndi kapangidwe mankhwala a mitundu yonse ya nsalu kupanga anawagawa m'magulu awiri: yaitali mpweya ndi hetero. Gulu lililonse lagawidwa subgroups kuti ndi ofanana thupi ndi ntchito katundu.

synthetics kaboni unyolo

Chemical unyolo macromolecule carbochain minofu kupanga Amakhala makamaka mpweya maatomu (chimasanduka). Mu gulu ndi subgroups zotsatirazi:

• polyacrylonitrile;
• polyvinyl mankhwala enaake;
• polyvinyl mowa;
• polyethylene;
• polypropylene.

synthetics hetero

nsalu zimenezi zinachititsa ulusi kupanga, kapangidwe maselo amene, kupatulapo maatomu mpweya mbali zina zina: mpweya, asafe, fluorine, chlorine, sulfure. inclusions izi nkhani kuyambira katundu zina.

Mitundu ya magulu kupanga nsalu hetero:

• poliyesitala;
• polyamide;
• polyurethane.

Lycra: polyurethane kupanga nsalu

Mayina ntchito m'makampani malonda: spandex, lycra, spandex, neolan, dorlastan. Polyurethane thonje angathe kusintha mapindikidwe makina (monga mphira). Elastane angathe anatambasula nthawi 6-7, kubwerera ku koyamba ufulu boma. Iwo ali otsika matenthedwe bata: kuwonjezera kutentha kwa +120 ° C CHIKWANGWANI watha elasticity ake.

The polyurethane filaments sizigwiritsidwa ntchito mu chikhalidwe choyera - iwo ntchito ngati navivaya nyama padziko ulusi ena. zakuthupi A munali ulusi ngati zenizeni, ali elasticity, komanso anatambasula, zotanuka, kugonjetsedwa ndi kumva kuwawa, permeability kwambiri mpweya. Zinthu ndi Kuwonjezera minofu polyurethane filaments osati crease ikhale ndi mawonekedwe pachiyambi, kugonjetsedwa ndi kuwala, kusunga mtundu awo oyambirira. nsalu si kwambiri analimbikitsa kuti amapotoza kupindika zouma mu mawonekedwe anatambasula.

Capron: polyamide kupanga

Dzina la nkhaniyo chifukwa cha amide gulu, gawo la nsalu. Nayiloni ndi nayiloni - oimira odziwika bwino gulu limeneli. mbali Ofunika monga: kuchuluka mphamvu, bwino akugwirizira kake, sikuti kuvunda, zosavuta. Panthawiyo, nayiloni m'malo silika, ntchito kupanga parachutes.

Pa kupanga polyamide CHIKWANGWANI gulu kukaniza otsika kutentha kukwezeka (Sungunulani kumayamba +215 ° C), iwo kutembenukira chikasu kuwala ndi mchikakamizo cha thukuta. zakuthupi si kuyamwa chinyontho ndi kupukuta msanga kudziunjikira magetsi malo amodzi ndi zoipa akuzisunga kutentha. Kuyambira iwo udzabala tights ndi leggings. The zikuchokera nayiloni ndi nayiloni nsalu ndi kutumikiridwa mu kuchuluka kwa 10-15%, amene kumawonjezera mphamvu ya zipangizo achilengedwe popanda impairing katundu wawo ukhondo. Wa zomangira kubala masokosi ndi knitwear.

Mayina ena malonda a kupanga zipangizo polyamide Gulu: anide, Perlon, Meryl, Taslan Yordani ndipo helanka.

Velsoft - wandiweyani nsalu ndi wagona, competes Mahra. Kwa izo kusoka zovala mwana, mikanjo ndi posintha zobvala za usiku, zinthu kunyumba (matawulo mabulangete). nkhani yokoma kukhudza, mpweya wabwino permeability si makwinya, sakubwerera, izo saiwala. Ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi kutsuka uphwetsa msanga. Kusindikizidwa chithunzi sichitha nthawi.

Poliyesitala: poliyesitala ulusi

Kupanga poliyesitala ali elasticity mkulu, kuvala kukana, zilibe kukhala ku minofu osati crumple ndi bwino kusunga mawonekedwe awo. The mwayi waukulu poyerekeza ndi ena kupanga nsalu gulu - bwino kutentha kukana (kupirira pa +170 ° C). Zofunika zovuta, si kuyamwa chinyontho, si kusonkhanitsa fumbi, kodi zokha dzuwa. Mu mawonekedwe woyera amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga khungu ndi makatani. Mu osakaniza ndi ulusi zachilengedwe ntchito kupanga zovala ndi zovala nsalu ndi ulusi ndi odula ubweya yokumba. Poliyesitala CHIKWANGWANI amapereka kukana kuti kumva kuwawa ndi crease ndi yarns zachilengedwe chifukwa ukhondo, amene alibe nsalu angapange. Mayina a nsalu zipangizo poliyesitala: poliyesitala, poliyesitala, Terylene, Trevira, tergalii, diol, Dacron.

Ubweya - Kupanga poliyesitala zofewa nsalu owoneka ngati ubweya wa. Zovala ubweya wofewa, kuwala, kutentha, breathable, zotanuka. Mabukuwa mosavuta ndimakina, kupukuta mwamsanga ndipo sayenera kusita. Ubweya sayambitsa chifuwa, choncho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zovala ana. M'kupita kwa nthawi, minofu akutambasula ndi wotaya mawonekedwe ake.

Polisatin zopangidwa poliyesitala mu mawonekedwe woyera kapena osakaniza ndi thonje. Zofunika wandiweyani, yosalala ndi pang'ono chonyezimira. Uphwetsa msanga, sikuti pansi, samavala, Musakhetse. Ntchito kupanga bedi nsalu, mankhwala banja (nsalu, nsalu za patebulo, upholstery kwa mipando), avale kunyumba, neckties ndi mipango. wotchuka kwambiri lero linens ndi 3D-zojambula amapangidwa polisatina.

Akiliriki: zipangizo polyacrylonitrile

Pakuti katundu makina ofanana ndi ulusi wa nkhosa, akiliriki Choncho nthawi zina amatchedwanso "ubweya yokumba". Kupanga kugonjetsedwa ndi dzuwa, ndi kutentha zosagwira bwino akugwirizira mawonekedwe ake. Kodi si kuyamwa chinyontho, amphamvu, inasangalatsa, izo amavala.

Ntchito osakaniza ndi nsalu ya ubweya kwa kupanga mipando, mwana mphasa, zovala kusoka ndi kupanga yokumba ubweya. Akiliriki si kupanga pellets, zomwe zimachititsa kuti kuwonjezera yofunika kuti thonje ubweya kwa kuluka. Zinthu ophatikizana thonje zochepa Tambasula, ndi cholimba kwambiri ndi opepuka.

maina Trade zipangizo polyacrylonitrile: akiliriki, nitrone kashmilon, Dralon, Dolan, Orlon.

Sipekitiramu ndi daynema: ulusi polyolefin

Mu gulu ili, kusiyana polyethylene ndi polypropylene ulusi. The lightest za mitundu yonse synthetics, zipangizo polyolefin musati adzawonongedwa madzi, ndi hygroscopicity otsika ndi zabwino katundu matenthedwe kutchinjiriza, elongation ulusi pafupifupi ziro. Ndi otsika kutentha bata - mpaka +115 ° C. Iwo anagwiritsa ntchito kupanga zinthu awiri wosanjikiza, kusoka masewera ndi zovala nsomba, fyuluta ndi upholstery, tarpaulins, makalapeti. Mothandizana ndi ulusi zachilengedwe - kwa kupanga zovala zamkati ndi hosiery.

Trade Mayina: sipekitiramu daynema, tekmilon, gerkulon, ulstren, anapeza meraklon.

Polyvinylchloride kupanga nsalu

Mabukuwa kugonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi zinthu mankhwala aukali, otsika magetsi madutsidwe ndi Kusakhazikika kwa kutentha (akuwonongedwa pa 100 ° C). Pambuyo kutentha mankhwala wabwerera.

Mu mawonekedwe woyera zikhale za zozitetezera. Mothandizidwa ndi wandiweyani kupanga nsalu - chikopa yokumba, kubala ubweya yabodza ndi makalapeti.

Trade Mayina: teviron, chlorine, Vignon.

mowa CHIKWANGWANI polyvinyl

gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo vinol, mtilan, vinylon, kuralon, Vinalon. Iwo ndi ubwino onse synthetics: cholimba, kuvala zosagwira, kugonjetsedwa ndi kuwala ndi kutentha zotsatira. Malinga ndi extensibility ndi elasticity ali ndi zaka. Chinthu chapadera - ndi absorbent, ntchito ya gulu la nsalu angapange ndi hygroscopicity mkulu, mofanana ndi katundu wa mankhwala thonje. Mothandizidwa vinol madzi lengthened ndi pang'ono shrinks, mphamvu amachepetsa. Poyerekeza ndi ulusi zina mankhwala, ndi zochepa kugonjetsedwa ndi kuukira mankhwala.

Vinol ntchito kusoka zovala zamkati, osakaniza ndi thonje viscose - kupanga hosiery. zakuthupi si amalowetsa, si napukuta, ali gloss zabwino. Kupanda malonda vinola - iwo mwamsanga bii.

Mtilan kuti apange sutures opaleshoni.

Kuphatikiza ulusi osiyanasiyana chidwi makhalidwe sayansi. A chitsanzo chapadera - ambiri masiku ano amadziwika microfiber. Linapangidwa wa osakaniza nayiloni ndi poliyesitala ulusi. Microfiber si likumira, Musakhetse, ali mkulu hygroscopic katundu, motero uphwetsa msanga. Izo ntchito yopanga nsalu osokedwa, nsalu ndipo sanali nsalu nsalu. Malinga ndi makulidwe ndi CHIKWANGWANI zosintha zimasiyana ndi softness ndi durability wa chomaliza mankhwala. Microfiber kusakanizidwa ndi ulusi zina, chithandizo cha mankhwala ndi losavuta kwambiri - iwo sali owopa cha kutsuka, kuyeretsa youma ndi zotsatira kutentha. Ndi pores ambiri mpweya, nsalu amatithandiza kusungabe mulingo woyenera kutentha thupi, koma nthawi yomweyo mwangwiro amateteza mphepo. Microfiber wapangidwa sportswear ndi zovala panja, zovala kunyumba, matawulo siponji kukonza.

Monga mukuonera, Ulusi mankhwala apanga ankagwiritsa ntchito yopanga katundu kuwala makampani. Anachita masewera ndi zovala, nsalu kwa mipando yokongola mkati mwa malo a, lonse osiyanasiyana zovala wamba, kuchokera kabudula kwa zipangizo malaya ndi ubweya zachinyengo. nsalu Modern adzalandira m'njira zambiri kuti palibe kwa akapolo anzawo akale: angakhale hygroscopic, "kupuma" ndi kusunga kutentha bwino. Kuphatikiza ulusi zosiyanasiyana ulusi umodzi, komanso chilengedwe cha nsalu Mipikisano wosanjikiza kulola opanga kuti athe kukakomana ndi zofuna za dziko masiku ano.