Ndi "chinthu palokha" nzeru chiyani? "Chinthu palokha," Kant

ndi "chinthu palokha» (Ding ndi sich) chiyani? Mawu amenewa amanena za nzeru kuli zinthu okha, osati ndi zonse kwa chidziwitso chawo, kuti ali, kaya amaphunzira. Kumvetsa zimene Kant anati, tiyenera kuganizira kuti mfundo za "chinthu palokha" lili matanthauzo ambiri, kuphatikizapo matanthauzo awiri zoyambirira. Choyamba, amatanthauza kuti chidziwitso cha zinthu alipo mwa iwo okha, popanda mitundu zomveka ndi anzeru, ndi zomwe zazindikirika ndi chikumbumtima chathu.

Mwanjira imeneyi, "chinthu palokha," Kant zikutanthauza kukula kulikonse ndi kuzama kwa nzeru ndi chidziwitso chokha cha chododometsa, koma osati zinthu okha. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti kumachitika wosiyanasiyana zotengera malingaliridwe a kulingalira ndi sensibility. Pachifukwa ichi, Kant amakhulupirira kuti ngakhale masamu ndi sayansi yeniyeni, susonyeza zenizeni cholinga, choncho ndi odalirika kokha kwa ife, monga zimaonekera ndi chibadidwe ife njira zolemba za kulingalira ndi sensibility.

Cognition maganizo Kant ndi

ndi "chinthu palokha" chifukwa Kant chiyani? Izi nthawi ndi malo, ndiwo maziko a lolondola masamu, masamu ndi masamu. Izi si mtundu wa chilengedwe mwachindunji, ndi mawonekedwe a sensibility wathu, si n'zodziŵika. Pa yomweyo, causality, chinthu ndi anzake si zinthu za zinthu, ndi mitundu zolemba za kumvetsa kwathu kokha. Lingaliro la sayansi , mfundo, si kutengera katundu wa zinthu, imagwera mu gulu la zinthu zoyikidwa ndi chifukwa pa "zinthu". Kant amakhulupirira kuti katundu anapereka sayansi, musati zimadalira matenda nkhani iliyonse makamaka, koma sangathe ankakhulupilira kuti malamulo, sayansi chidziwitso popanda chikumbumtima.

Limited ndi malire chidziwitso cha Kant

Luso kuphunzira akhoza malire ndi malire. Kant limanena kuti sayansi wazotsatira alibe malire ndi kuzama ake ena ndi kuchuluka. Kuona ndi kusanthula zachilengedwe ife kudutsa kwambiri mu chikhalidwe, ndi amene amadziwa momwe ife amapita ndi nthawi.

Komabe, Science, malinga Kant, akhoza ochepa. Pankhaniyi, amanena chakuti kwa kuzama aliyense ndi patsogolo kwa sayansi sangathe kupitirira mawonekedwe zomveka, imene pali kudziwa cholinga cha chowonadi. Kuti, ngakhale ngati tingathe kuti athe kufufuza zochitika zachilengedwe, sitidzakhala kuyankha mafunso amene ali kutsidya lina la malire a chilengedwe.

Incognisability "zinthu mwa iwo okha"

"Chinthu palokha" - Ndipotu, ndi chakuti n'zosatheka kum'dziŵa Mlengi yemweyo. Kant adafotokoza kuti chiphunzitso chake cha mitundu zolemba za kulingalira ndi sensibility iye anafika kuthetsa kukayikira wa Hume ndi okaikira wakale Komatu mfundo za Kudziwa ndi matanthauzo osokoneza. chakuti, malinga Kant, ndi "cholinga" Ndipotu, kwathunthu kuchepetsedwa kwa padziko lonse ndi kufunika, kutanthauza kuti ngati tanthauzo zolemba za sensibility ndi kumvetsa. Chifukwa, gwero la "Kudziwa" afika phunziro lomwelo, osati leni kunja dziko, amene kumaonekera chinthu cha nzeru aluntha.

"Chinthu palokha" nthanthi

Zafotokozedwa pamwamba tanthauzo la "chinthu palokha," Kant ntchito kokha pamene mukuyesa kufotokoza kuti n'zotheka yeniyeni sayansi masamu ndi masoka. Koma tisachite lingaliro la nzeru zake ndi makhalidwe, kuti amapeza ndi tanthauzo losiyana pang'ono. Nanga ndi "chinthu palokha" mu nzeru Kant chiyani? Pankhaniyi, amanena za zinthu zenizeni za dziko kulephera - ufulu wa tanthauzo la kanthu anthu, ndi kufa kwa Mulungu chifukwa zauzimu ndi choonadi dziko. Mfundo za chikhalidwe Kant a komanso akubwera pansi kumvetsa izi za "zinthu mwa iwo okha."

Wafilosofi anazindikira kuti munthu chibadidwe ineradicable zoipa ndi zotsutsana za moyo ambiri chifukwa iwo. Ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo anali kukhulupirira kuti moyo wa munthu amafunitsitsa boma zogwirizana pakati m'mikhalidwe maganizo ndi khalidwe. Ndipo, malinga Kant, mogwirizana izi chingapezeke osati wazotsatira, koma dziko kulephera. Mwayankha apereke abwino kuti dziko, Kant amayesetsa kumvetsa chimene "chinthu palokha". Kwa dziko "chododometsa," akusimba chikhalidwe ndi zochitika zake chinthu sayansi, ndi dziko la "zinthu mwa iwo okha" - chosafa, ufulu ndi Mulungu.

chojambula incognisability

Monga tanenera kale, "chinthu palokha," Kant watero sakuzidziwa, ndipo incognisability - nthawi iliyonse ndipo relativity, ndipo mfundo akuluakulu ndi nzeru ndi akatswiri patsogolo. Mulungu ali sakuzidziwa "chinthu palokha." linakhalapo sangathe kutsimikizira kapena kukana. Mulungu alipo - izi ndi zopanda la kuganiza. Munthu akudandaulira kuti Mulungu sayendera umboni wabwino, ndi kuyesetsa categorical ndi maganizo abwino. Iwo likukhalira kuti mu nkhani iyi, Kant kudzudzulidwa chifukwa kutsimikiza ndi kulimbikitsa chikhulupiriro. Zoletsa zomwe agwiritsidwa zifukwa ongolankhula - ndi zofooka kuti kusiya sayansi osati kokha, komanso mwambo wa chikhulupiriro. Chikhulupiriro ayenera kukhala kunja kwa malire awa ndi kukhala invulnerable.

Kant ndi mawonekedwe chabe

Kusamutsa njira nkhondo ndi zotsutsana - pa umoyo-mbiri zikuyenela - mu dziko kulephera, kunali koyenera kutsatira idealist kutanthauzira mwa mfundo zikuluzikulu za nzeru ongolankhula. Kant linali idealist nzeru za anthu ndi chikhalidwe, koma osati chifukwa cha chiphunzitso cha chidziwitso anali n'zosatheka. Koma m'malo mwake, chiphunzitso anali n'zosatheka, chifukwa nzeru za mbiri ndi chikhalidwe anali n'zosatheka. German zenizeni Kant nthawi kwathunthu anakana mwayi kuthetsa kusemphana chenicheni cha moyo chikhalidwe kuchita ndi imabwera chinyezimiro awo okwanira mu lingaliro ongolankhula.

Pachifukwa ichi, maganizo nthanthi ya Kant anayamba mu mtsempha chikhalidwe chomwe ukutitsogolera, pa dzanja limodzi, Hume, ndi wina - Leibniz, Wolff. Kutsutsana mwa miyambo imeneyi ndi kuyesa kuti tisanthule mogwirizana awo kuwonetsedwa chiphunzitso Kant pa malire ndi mawonekedwe a chidziwitso chomveka.