Mitundu ya choonadi kudziwa nthanthi

Ndi zoona mu vinyo kapena "kanthu ndi zoona, chirichonse waloledwa" ndi chobisika? Awa ndi mafunso ena ambiri akuyesetsa kuyankha nzeru ena kwa zaka zambiri. Lililonse pofuna latsopano kupeza chidziwitso choona kuti m'Dziko Lolonjezedwa amapezeka kwambiri Osamva panthawi imeneyi ya mafunso ndi paradoxes. M'nkhaniyi tiona mwachidule kufotokoza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya choonadi mu zaumunthu ndi nzeru.

Akuyendera mwachindunji gulu, ndi Dziwani kuti zaumunthu makono zimatulutsa choonadi kwambiri, mmene kudzinenera ambiri ndi mitundu ya ntchito zinakhalapo ndipo alipo m'madera osiyana. Choncho, kwa munthu wachipembedzo tsokali mnansi - chilango cha machimo ake kapena malodza Mulungu, kwa loya wina angakhale ndi mlandu kapena kulakwila lamulo ladziko, ndi ndakatulo ndi wolemba - olimbikitsa ndi chidwi nkhani ya kulimbana munthu ndi chisoni chake. Mukuvetsa zimenezi onse a choonadi ndi ufulu kulibe, chifukwa bodza m'minda osiyana chidziwitso.

Malinga ndi gulu wotchuka kwambiri, choonadi lagawidwa mtheradi ndi wachibale. Choyamba - ichi ndi chidziwitso ndi yofunika za chinthu kapena chodabwitsa. Komano, ndi choonadi wachibale limanena kuti mtheradi n'kosatheka. N'zosatheka kumvetsa nzeru chabe, koma mukhoza kubwera pafupi kwa izi. Izi mitundu ya choonadi nzeru wafunsira ziphunzitso ziwiri: metaphysics chonena kuti chidziwitso mtheradi wa chowonadi, ndipo imadalira, setuyuschemu wa relativity la chidziwitso chonse.

Kuyambira kale, anthu amakayikira choonadi chenicheni. Sophists mu wakale Greece maganizo relativistic anasonyeza poyerekezera ndi ichi, chomwe kudzudzulidwa ndi Socrates. Hobbes, Diderot, Descartes ndi Leibniz pambuyo scholasticism Mkhristu m'zaka XVI, anasonyezanso kuti lingaliro la chilengedwe cha Mulungu dziko monga choonadi chenicheni ali mipata yambiri ndi lofunikira untenable.

Kutumikira choonadi wachibale mwaukali kudzudzulidwa Fridrih Nitsshe ntchito zake "Choncho Analankhula Zarathustra". Izo kumaonekera mu relativity a zikhulupiriro za anthu kapena wina wa olamulira. Naonekera kwa chidziwitso choona cha chiphunzitso chonyenga, njira Mwachitsanzo, chapakati pa zaka mazana makumi awiri anali eugenics, anthu kusintha ena phindu lawo. nzeru yomweyi, monga mwa immoralist German Payenera kukhala, netranstsendentnoy choonadi.

Kodi mukudziwa zimene choonadi? i ake ndi mitundu amafotokozedwa ena ntchito zambiri ndi akatswiri a sayansi. Mwachidule, choonadi ayenera kutsatira malamulo maganizo, silimadzitsutsa mfundo kudziwika kwa sayansi zizigwirizana kudziwa achikhazikitso, kukhala yosavuta kumva, ntchito kumapeto, ndipo sayenera kudalira pa anthu.

Mitundu ya choonadi, za zimenezi tatchulazi, lowonjezera komanso cholinga cha mtundu wake. choonadi ichi ndi kudziwa zomwe sikudalira zochita za munthu aliyense wa anthu onse. Ziribe kanthu zimene mitundu ya choonadi kulibe, nzeru ena amakhulupirira kuti angathe kuphunzira kupyolera m'machita, maganizo, malingaliro. Kapena, mwa mawu a Ivan Karamazov mu buku F. M. Dostoevskogo: "Ngati palibe Mulungu, chirichonse waloledwa."