Giordano Bruno: yochepa yonena ndipo anapeza wake (zithunzi)

Wopanduka, analandira achotsa ndi chilango kuchokera Akatolika ndi Alutherani ndi Achikalvini kuchokera, osati zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo mu dongosolo lililonse achipembedzo a m'nthawi yake, mu worldview aliyense - ndi Giordano Bruno. Mwachidule mbiri ndiponso zimene wake ntchito chidwi zofunika mbadwo uliwonse watsopano wa anthu, ndipo komabe kwambiri kusiyana.

mfundo zofunika

No unanimity ngakhale mu funso losavuta kwambiri: zimene ankaphunzitsa, ndi chimene maganizo ikuchitikira. Vutolo akupitiriza lero. Herald sayansi yamakono, mlaliki wa chiphunzitso heliocentric, amene linatsegulidwa ndi Copernicus, - inde. Iye mwachidwi, nthawi iyi, koma mwachirendo anasangalala chiphunzitso Copernican: mfundo ndi zamatsenga, lachinsinsi ndi achipembedzo khalidwe kwathunthu.

Msonkho kwa sayansi wazotsatira, iye anapereka. Koma ine kuwerengetsera zakuthambo ntchito ndi ena kutsegula chinsinsi gawo lina. Pa nthawi imene Europe lagawidwa chikhalidwe, ndale ndi wongodzinenera, munthu akufotokozera ndi ntchito wosangalatsa mwamtheradi kusintha, anthu Giordano Bruno. Mwachidule mbiri ndi kutsegula ake, ngakhale mu njira ambiri chosavuta - sizigwirizana.

bokosi Pandora a

The nkhani ya nthanthi ya Ages Middle ndi zopanda kuti nthawi sanali, ndipo sanathe kukhala yekha nthanthi chiphunzitso. Ndi pamene panali zosiyanasiyana luntha experimenters poyesa kuti lithe yojambula onse akale komanso m'tsogolo. Ndipo Giordano Bruno, tinganene - mmishonale, mneneri, mwina Mesiya - Mulimonsemo, iye - munthu yojambula ichi, ndipo umo ndi momwe Iye pabwino yekha.

Mu zosatheka zikutheka zachilengedwe wa womenya ndi pedantry a anthu, kodi Giordano Bruno. Mwachidule mbiri ndiponso kutulukira ake kuzimvetsa. mphunzitsi wake yunivesite ku Naples Vinchentso De Colle ankatchedwa wotsatira odzipereka a Aristotle ndi antihumanist.

Bruno analemba Latin, pafupi kwambiri ankaonetsetsa kuti, Monash. Zotsutsana ndi kuchuluka Tingaone ngakhale pano. Pomenyana patsogolo zachipembedzo, iye m'mabuku ake mwachindunji chipongwe monasticism, koma amasunga zoterezi abwino kumene kumakhala Amonke. Amadziwika kuti anali mu dongosolo la Dominicans, ndipo ngakhale kuswa kucheza naye ntchito zake zonse kunyamula amaonekera wa monasticism. Ngakhale nkhani imeneyi kungakhale kwambiri kukambirana, kotero chidwi mu ntchito imeneyi Dzhordano Bruno. Wambiri mwachidule zinalembedwa.

wokonzanso

Iwo akhoza kutchedwa pantheist nzeru zapamwamba, iye anali pafupi kwambiri pantheism. koma chikhalidwe chake zisinthe anapambana: chiphunzitso chake chinakhala wamphamvu yachipembedzo cha khalidwe Reformation pamaso pake Kachisisira ena chowonadi zatsopano zachipembedzo. Izi ndi zimene Bruno mlandu omupondereza ake, ndipo lamulo limeneli zinatengera kusaka: monga mlengi wa mpatuko latsopano la chipembedzo Mwiguputo, ena "dzhordanistov".

Bruno anakwiyitsa mofanana chiphunzitso cha Chilutera ndi Calvinist ndiponso Katolika nthawi imeneyo. Iye sali kulolera mawonedwe Catholic, anakonza dongosolo kumasuka ku mavuto a, zidzasintha m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi, mwa kukonzanso chipembedzo Iguputo, ngakhale anali script ngati zimenezi zikanatha lapindulidwa. Mu ntchito iyi, kuwerenga of Christianity kwathunthu kupha mbalume zonse miyambo Mkhristu.

sayansi

Koposa zonse zolembedwa kudziwika Dzhordano Bruno wa osawerengeka a maiko amene akale ankaganizira masomphenya a nsembe adalakika. Planet kwa asayansi anapatsidwa katundu zamatsenga a anthu chifukwa Mulungu, ndipo zimayenda pa chifuniro. dongosolo Scientific, ngakhale mlingo pang'ono, ntchito za izi sanapezeke. Choncho, umunthu wa Giordano Bruno, kanthawi mbiri, ndipo panatseguka ana kuti bwino mawu ambiri.

Izo sizinali empirically nzeru sayansi ndi zobisika, zamatsenga. No masamu mu ntchito yake ya malire a maiko sanapezeke. Apa izo zikuganiziridwa Bruno kusaka - chisokonezo. Bruno anali, kwa maganizo awo, ngakhale wopanduka, osokonezeka, mtheradi - ndime kwambiri.

mabuku

Koma wolemba Giordano Bruno anali ndi luso! polemical dramaturgically limagwirizana, wolemera olembedwa chinenero wake, amene angakhale pansi kusanthula philological - monga Neapolitan chilankhulo Italy ndi Latin, amene mofanana ntchito Giordano Bruno. Mwachidule yonena ndipo wapeza amati ena zosasintha kudziwa uneneri, ndipo ngakhale sikudali kutero, zaluso izo ayesa ali wolemera kwambiri, ndipo owerenga zochititsa chidwi.

nzeru

Katundu Catholic Republic mmonke Bruno sindikanakhoza kupirira yaitali, vuto anayamba nthawi yomweyo. Zachiwawa mtima, odzichepetsa, ndi zina obnoxious m'mphepete lotsiriza la chikhalidwe, vpadaniya mu chinachake ngati kupsa mkwiyo amavutitsa - ndicho chimene kuwawa kwa moyo wonse Giordano Bruno. Wambiri poyera kuti anadwala chakuti imfa chachikulu. Ngakhale mavuto aakulu analenga anachita ngakhale chilango ndi ongolankhula, kuti padziko lonse wa Chimonko, si sugwirizana ndi malamulo Katolika.

kutanthauzira mwini wa Utatu Woyera mu ofanana chifukwa cha ngakhale pamene analowa Chikhristucho, mzimu - n'zachilendo osati kwa Ages Middle, komanso modernity. N'zoona otsiriza ano Akatolika sadzawotchedwa Giordano Bruno.

Wambiri mwachidule ndi ichi: izi ndi wasayansi, ndipo anamuwotcha. Ku Italy anachita kuthawa, kupita Calvin, ndiye - kuti Lutheran. Ndipo kulikonse kumene iye adzakanidwa, kuzunzidwa kulikonse. Ndipo nzeru zatsopano sanapeze otsatira. kusungulumwa Izi ankabwerera moyo wake onse. anthu ochepa mukhala yowawitsa, monga Giordano Bruno, mbiri.

Chiyani?

Ngakhale lero, nzeru za mbiri sapereka yankho zobweretsa funso - chiyani icho kuti inquisitors anatentha Giordano Bruno. mayankho Wambiri amapereka zambiri, koma zalembedwa palibe umboni, kutsutsana sayansi akupitiriza.

chakuti Napoleon anabweretsa zikalata milandu Galileo ndi Bruno ku Italy. N'chifukwa - palibe anamvetsa. Koma mapepala onse anali atapita, anataya njira zawo. Pali umboni mozungulira, kuphatikizapo mbiri Gaspar Schoppe - Catholic publicist, counterreformers.

Bruno mlandu chifukwa cha ntchito yake pa kuchuluka kwa zolengedwa, ndi chowiringula matsenga (Bruno kuti iye wamatsenga, analankhula za "mphamvu", ndiye kukhudzana ndi ziwanda, ndi mnemonic wake n'zoonekeratu kuti khalidwe zamatsenga, osati chithandizo). Koma chinthu chachikulu - ndi kutanthauzira kwa Utatu Woyera.

Pamene Bruno analemba za "moyo wa dziko", izo unagwiritsabe ngati Kubadwa Kwatsopano Neo-Platonism, koma pamene ine ndinayamba kulemba ndi kulankhula za Khristu zotukwana, m'mavuto, ndipo ndi chibadwa. Kuyambira lero ndi panali chisoni pa Giordano Bruno mbiri.

Komanso mwapadera, mukhoza kulemba zotsatirazi: ndi Bruno Mose wamatsenga wamphamvu, anachita mitundu yonse ya zozizwitsa (amenenso kufunika yapaderayi chisokonezo pa kaonedwe ka chiphunzitso Christian); kuti ngakhale Aigupto Mose kuposa matsenga (ndipo ngakhale ku Iguputo matsenga Bruno consummate Katswiri); Khristu, linali wamatsenga - koma zabwino ndi labwino, ndi wamatsenga miyambo ya ku Aigupto.

Chabwino, osachepera mbali iti imatengedwa - ndi chirichonse ndi chisokonezo madzi oyera. Ndipo Chofunika: musati amasiya mipatuko izi Giordano Bruno. Wambiri ndi nzeru adasonkhana, anatenga anafa momvetsa chisoni pamtengo ku Roma.

chipilala

Area, kumene unawotchedwa ndi katswiri akale - Campo DEI Fiori - mu 1889 anali chokongoletsedwa ndi chipilala, amene anali kukhazikitsa osema miyala kanthu, kumene Giordano Bruno, kanthawi mbiri ndi kutsegula ake (chithunzi chipilala m'gulu) anali kale odana ndi papa ndi zochita odana ndi zachipembedzo. Papa Leo Eighth ngakhale wonse ndinkafuna kuchoka ku Rome zionetsero, koma anatsanzika ndi tsiku lonse kupemphera kwa St. Peter ku anatsutsa izi odana Catholic ndi kampeni kutsutsana ndi Akhristu.

Kuyambira nthawi mu Roma anayamba wodzala sewero mpatuko, kumene propiska anamukweza sewero monga wa Giordano Bruno, mbiri. Photos kusonyeza misonkhano anticlerical pachaka malowa pa 17 February. Ndipo lingaliro la masomphenya akale a zochitika anasintha kwambiri: Bruno, ndithudi, wachisokonezo, koma anapandukira obscurantism obscurantism, zabwino zonse, ndiko - ufulu, tsogolo la anthu.