Medievalism

Pachikhalidwe, mawu akuti "Ages Middle" watengedwa chivundikiro nyengo V kuti XV atumwi. Komabe, mu nzeru za chiyambi cha Ages Middle amanena kuti nthawi ina - I atumwi, pamene okha anayamba kukhazikitsa mfundo zikuluzikulu za Chikhristu. Mfundo imeneyi kukhazikitsa chiyambi cha nzeru akale singalifotokoze chakuti mavuto waukulu nkhawa nzeru za Ages Middle, n'zogwirizana ndi mfundo ndi kufala zina za ziphunzitso achipembedzo pa nthawi ino pathupi m'mimba mwa sayansi aumunthu.

Mu mafunde nthanthi ya nthawi pali chizolowezi kulungamitsidwa alili la Mulungu ndi chigamulocho mavuto monga kuli Mulungu ndiponso chiphunzitso Mkhristu wa concretization. Nzeru za Ages Middle mu asayansi zambiri periodiziruetsya motero kuti pali ndondomeko zikuluzikulu za chitukuko cha ziphunzitso achipembedzo a nthawiyo.

Sitepe yoyamba ndi lofunika kwambiri chitukuko cha nzeru za Ages Middle mwamwambo ankaona Patristics (I-VI cent.). Malangizo waukulu mu siteji iyi ya chitukuko nzeru zaumunthu ganizo anali chilengedwe ndi kuteteza chiphunzitso yachikhristu, yomwe ikuchitika "Makolo mpingo." Tanthawuzo la "makolo mpingo" makamaka amatanthauza anzeru amene anathandiza kuti maziko achiphunzitso cha Chikhristu. Nthawi zambiri, kumbali ya mbalume achikhristu nzeru ena otchuka, mwachitsanzo, monga Avreliy Avgustin, Tertullian, Grigoriy Nissky, ndi ena ambiri.

Sitepe yachiwiri ku kukhazikitsidwa kwa malingaliro nthanthi ya nthawi imeneyo ankaona ankaonetsetsa - (IX - XV m'ma). Apa pali mfundo zina za chiphunzitso Mkhristu yokhudza zothekera zonse nthanthi sayansi. nzeru ankaonetsetsa limatchedwa "kusukulu", chifukwa, choyamba, ndi kwa nzeru anaphunzira ndipo anayamba mu masukulu kumene kumakhala Amonke, ndipo kachiwiri, mu kufotokoza kwa scholasticism Mkhristu kale zilipo pafupifupi paliponse.

Mavuto amene mwakwiya maganizo akatswiri akale, zosiyanasiyana wolemekezeka, komabe, onse anagwirizana pa chinthu chimodzi - nkhani mwachindunji kapena mozungulira za Mulungu. Ngati wokhulupirira chikumbumtima Mulungu monga vuto kulibe, chifukwa Mulungu amaona ndi okhulupirira monga anapatsidwa, nzeru zapamwamba amene malingaliro amasulidwa chilichonse chinali chikhulupiriro, Mulungu ndi vuto lenileni kuti, ndi kuyesa kusankha maganizo yabwino ya Ages Middle.

Mavuto Basic wa Medieval Philosophy - mafunso alikodi Mulungu zimayambitsa mtsutso zonse pakati pa nominalists ndi otsatira Kuzindikira pa chikhalidwe cha universals. Moyenera kumufotokozera kuti universals (mfundo general) kwenikweni kulibe, kotero - zenizeni ndi kukhalapo kwa Mulungu. Nominalists, nayenso ankakhulupirira kuti universals linakhalapo kwambiri kumlingo "ayenera" zinthu, chifukwa kwenikweni pali zinthu okha ndi universals otani pamene abwera kufunika kupereka zinthu zina mayina awo. Malinga nominalists, Mulungu - izo zangokhala dzina kuimira ya zolinga za anthu.

Nzeru za Ages Middle ndi Kubadwa Kwatsopano zinali zodzaza ndi chakuti anthu anzeru kwambiri nthawi mobwerezabwereza atapereka mitundu yonse ya umboni kuti Mulungu alikodi. Mwachitsanzo, Thomas Aquinas - wotchuka nzeru zapamwamba - ankaonetsetsa asanu umboni kuti Mulungu alipo. Onse umboni izi zinali zochokera chakuti aliyense chodabwitsa mu dziko ayenera kukhala choyambitsa.

Ngati mbali Kuzindikira kumufotokozera kuti kuli Mulungu kudzera mwa kuli mfundo onse (universals), ndi Foma Akvinsky ankanena kuti ngati pamaso pa chifukwa wapamwamba wa zonse. Iye ankawoneka kuti akufuna kukwaniritsa mogwirizana zina za chikhulupiriro ndi kuganiza kumene patsogolo zapatsidwa kwa kukhulupirira.

Nzeru za Ages Middle analandira theocentric. Apa kutchulidwa kukhumba kumvetsa Mulungu weniweni yekhayo amene amasankha zinthu zonse. njira zoterozo vuto Mulungu aliko alandiridwa chipembedzo m'zonse, ali bwinobwino kumadalira malo a nzeru mu moyo wauzimu ndipo pa nthawiyo. Nzeru za Ages Middle, kenako anagwetsa maganizo atsopano a Kubadwa Kwatsopano, omwe anali kubwerera ku moyo wauzimu wa zolinga kamodzi-aiwala kudzipereka wakale freethinking.