Augustine wa ku Hippo: moyo, ntchito yaikulu ndi chikoka chawo pa chitukuko cha scholasticism

Avreliy Avgustin (Odala - mu mwambo Orthodox ndi mphunzitsi wa Grace - mu Catholic) - ndi nzeru zapamwamba kwambiri, m'modzi wa omwe adayambitsa wa zachikhristu. Iye anabadwa m'chaka cha 354 mu Numidia Roma nzika mu banja achikunja, koma mayi wake Monica anali Mkhristu. Popeza banja anali olemera ndithu, 17 wazaka Aurelius azikaphunzira apamwamba pa Carthage. Pali kumbuyo tsogolo la chipembedzo chatsopano mu chikondi ndi mkazi, amene anakhalako zaka 13. Iye anali mayi wa mwana wake - Adeodata. Komabe, chifukwa kusiyana banja lochokera Augustine sanakwatirepo ake.

Pamene ndinali kuwerenga apamwamba, Augustine wa ku Hippo anakhala chidwi nzeru. Iye anavomereza Manichaeism, koma posakhalitsa unachoka ziphunzitso za Mani. Pofunafuna wauzimu ndi zotsatira za mayi n'kupita naye ku chifuwa cha moyo wachikhristu. Kukafuna ntchito anyamata wodziŵa masamba m'chigawo African wa Ufumu wa Roma mu 384, malo ndi mphunzitsi wa oratory mu Mediolanum (tsopano Milan). Kuthetsa pafupi Villa Kassitsiakum nzeru zapamwamba analenga ntchito yake yoyamba yofunika: "Against ophunzira kuti," "Pa kufa kwa moyo", "Pa Religion Woona" ndi "Pa Free Will". Izi gawo loyamba la zilandiridwenso ikusonyezedwa ndi chikoka chachikulu cha Platonism lingaliro wazamulungu.

Pambuyo Isitala 387 Augustine anabatizidwa mu Mediolanum Saint Ambrose, anayamba nthawi yachiwiri zilandiridwenso wa kumbuyo Mkhristu. Iye anagulitsa katundu, anagulitsa pafupifupi chilichonse kwa osauka ndipo anapita ndi mayi ake Africa. Koma Ostia, Monica anafa. Kufika mu wakwawo wa Tagaste, nzeru zapamwamba, anakhazikitsa gulu achipembedzo a Chimonko. Motero, ankaona anayambitsa dongosolo kumene kumakhala Amonke wa Augustinians. Mu nthawi zimenezi, ntchito zoyenera achipembedzo ndi achipembedzo ndiponso buku nkhani ( "Bukhu la Genesis"), kutanthauzira kwa akalata olembedwa a mtumwi Paulo, ndemanga ndi Adonatisiti. Pa nthawi yomweyo panali wazamulungu ulemerero "kuvomereza."

Kwambiri kuberekana otchedwa nthawi yachitatu (410-430), pamene wasayansi ndinadzozedwa mkulu poyamba, ndipo kenako Bishop wa Hippo (mzinda wa Ufumu wa Roma mu Africa North). Zinali ndiye kuti nzeru za Avgustina Blazhennogo wafika chitukuko apamwamba. Wazamulungu ngati kuyang'ana mmbuyo ku zikhulupiriro zawo zakale, ndi otsutsa amayankha iwo ( "Younika Baibulo"). Mafunso a Christology (chikhalidwe anthu kapena Mulungu wa Khristu) zikugwirizananso ntchito "Pa Utatu" ndi vuto la Mfundo ndi Pelagius. The ntchito kwambiri a zaumulungu wa imatengedwa ntchito «De civitate Dei» -. «City a Mulungu"

22 mabuku a zaumulungu ntchito choyamba akufuna kudziwa lonse ndondomeko ya mbiri yakale, kumvetsa cholinga cha anthu ndi njira za chitukuko. Choncho Augustine ankaona tate wa mbiri ya nzeru. moyo Social amadziwikanso zokhudza Ufumu wa Mulungu, ngati munthu (chilengedwe) ndi Mlengi. Komabe, chifukwa cha kugwa kwa Adamu, anthu misa, wosiyana ndi Mulungu, koma angathe kubwerera kwa Iye mwa chisomo cha Ambuye, - anati St. Augustine. The nzeru za wazamulungu izi amaona chitukuko cha anthu monga gulu mwapang'onopang'ono ku vale misozi, amene anathamangitsidwa Adamu ndi Hava, kudzera mwa Mzinda wa Lapansi (mkhalidwe) kwa Castle wa Kumwamba (kumene muyaya ndi makhalidwe angwiro ulamuliro).

Choncho, St. Augustine amayang'ana pa mbiriyakale mwa mawu a nthawi liniya. Izi ndi gawo kumene m'litali, chifukwa palibe nthawi muyaya. Mulungu amatsogolera mbiri - onse amene si choncho, mbali ya mapulani ndi zolinga za Mlengi. Boma Mwanjira imeneyi, amachita ngati gawo kofunika chitukuko. Wafilosofi zochokera kuphunzira Baibulo limatchula nyengo seveni Kukwezeleza zakakhalidwe: woyamba zisanu - ndi nkhani ya Ayuda asanabadwe Khristu. Amene amatenga nyengo chimodzi, amene ayenera kutha chiweruzo chotsiriza, ndipo amayamba zalongosoledwa mu Chivumbulutso John wa siteji chiwiri, pamene olungama onse adzakhala muyaya Kumwamba Yerusalemu. anthu mu chitukuko ikuyenda kuchokera boma yolembedwa mu wolamulidwa ndi Iyeyo olamulidwa ndi akalonga a Mpingo. chiphunzitso ichi cha Augustine walandiridwa monga maziko a Roma Katolika ku nkhondo kwa investiture.