Wafilosofi Lyudvig Vitgenshteyn: Wambiri, moyo, makoti

Lyudvig Vitgenshteyn - mmodzi wa wanzeru kwambiri, paradoxical ndi wachikoka katswiri wa zaka mazana makumi awiri. Ngakhale kuti losadziwika a m'nthawi yake ndipo alibe kwaokha, iye anali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa mapangidwe mfundo ano ndi malamulo a maganizo. Wittgenstein anali kuloŵedwa m'malo a mumaganiza osachepera atatu wanzeru nthanthi - zomveka positivism, nzeru zinenero ndi kusanthula chinenero.

mbiri yamoyo ndi maphunziro

Austria ndi UK zimenezi zili ndi mphamvu kwambiri pa moyo ndi nzeru za woganiza ichi monga Ludwig Wittgenstein. Mwachidule yonena momveka bwino lino. Adzabadwira nzeru zapamwamba ku Vienna limodzi la wotchuka ndiponso wolemera mabanja a Austria-Hungary. bambo ake ankagwira ntchito yokonza wotchuka mogul, ndipo mayi ake anali ngati ku banja akale a Ayuda.

Ngati bambo ake, Lyudvig Vitgenshteyn anayamba kuphunzira zomangamanga, makamaka chidwi kumanga zipangizo woopsa. Pa nthawi imeneyi anamutengera vuto la maziko nthanthi ya masamu. Komanso panali zinthu zina zimene chidwi Lyudvig Vitgenshteyn. Wambiri akusonyeza kuti iye anali kukonda nyimbo, zosemasema, zomangamanga, mabuku ndi luso. Mu zaka za m'ma makumi awiri, Wittgenstein anapita ku Cambridge, komwe anakaloŵa ntchito ndipo kenako wothandizira ndi mnzake, wotchuka nzeru zapamwamba Bertrand Russell.

Pa First World nkhondo, Wittgenstein anadzipereka kumaso, kumene anagwidwa. Pamene anali ku m'ndendemo, iye nditangomaliza imodzi mwa ntchito wotchuka kwambiri - "Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus" - adali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa chitukuko cha nzeru European ndi dziko. Pambuyo pake, ntchito monga mphunzitsi ku sukulu wamba kumudzi. M'kupita kwa nthawi, Wittgenstein azindikira kuti nzeru zake mwachuluka olephera ndipo lifunika bwino, kotero Iye anabwerera ku UK, Iye akupitirizabe ntchito pa buku lake, pamene kukhala ndi pulofesa pa yunivesite ya Cambridge.

Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse anagwira ntchito zachipatala mwadongosolo, ndipo chinkhoswe mu njira yatsopano - nzeru ya chinenero. Wittgenstein atamwalira mu 1953 khansa prostate. Malingaliro ake onse pa nzeru za chinenero zinatuluka atamwalira.

nzeru oyambirira Wittgenstein

Mu zaka wake wamng'ono Lyudvig Vitgenshteyn ankakonda ntchito yogwira zolembalemba-yovuta avant-garde ku Vienna, ndipo analinso ndi chidwi pa malingaliro a Karl Kraus - "muuni" magazini mkonzi amene ankagwira kulekana kwa mtengo ndi luso lenileni. Wamphamvu chikoka pa Wittgenstein analinso maganizo a Frege ndi Russell, yemwe ankagwira ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali. Kuyambira woyamba anasankha lingaliro la ntchito propositional, phindu lenileni ndi kusiyana zamalankhulidwe tanthauzo ndi phindu la mawu a chinenero chachiwiri - chinenero kusanthula njira m'njira zomveka, limene lili ndi kufunafuna kudziŵa "atomiki", komanso ena zinthu za Ufumu lomveka la masamu.

Mfundo yoyamba zomveka Wittgenstein anali kukonza mu "tsikulo" pamene iye analankhula za mwayi wa mfundo yatsopano ndi zomveka malembedwe. Mfundo inakhala maziko a ntchito yake ya fungulo a nthawi ino - "Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus".

"Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus"

Ntchito lofalitsidwa mu 1921, woyamba mu German ndipo kenako - mu Chingerezi. bukuli analembedwa mu mawonekedwe a aphorisms osiyana amene ntchito mankhwala maganizo ake Lyudvig Vitgenshteyn. Quotes anayikidwa pafupi kanjedza chogwirizana kusonyeza mlingo wa kufunika aphorism lapansi.

Ngakhale kufanana ndi maganizo a Russell ndi Frege, bukhu linali m'njira zambiri wapadera. Mu lonena akafunsa kuti, mwayi ndi malire a maganizo, wolemba Chili malingaliro maganizo ndi chinenero, ndi nzeru pa zochita yomweyo monga mwapadera chinenero kutsutsa mawunikidwe. Mu lingaliro Wittgenstein wa chinenero akutumikira monga zoti mfundo, zomwe ndi zotheka chifukwa mkati zomveka Kapangidwe ka chinenero. chiphunzitso chimenechi kusewera yofunika kwambiri mayendedwe amakono Western aluntha.

nzeru mochedwa Wittgenstein a

M'kupita kwa nthawi, Lyudvig Vitgenshteyn ali rethought malo ake ndipo anakana dongosolo zolemba za chinenerocho. Ananena kuti zosiyanasiyana mawu ndi mawu amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chinenero achilengedwe. Mogwirizana ndi mawu amenewa si polojekiti fano maganizo mutu okha mawu mu nkhani malinga ndi malamulo zinenero agonjera mtengo ena.

Wittgenstein ukugwira ndi liwu monga masewera chinenero, pamene mawu aliwonse zichokela tanthauzo lake kokha pamene zinthu zina zimapezeka masewera. Wittgenstein Ikufotokozanso kufunika kwa kufunsa mafunso abwino. Mochedwa Wittgenstein udindo nthanthi limafotokoza ntchito yake "nthanthi zofufuza".

"Nthanthi zofufuza"

Otsiriza buku lalikulu ndinkagwira ntchito pa Lyudvig Vitgenshteyn. Philosophy mwachidule anafotokoza kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa bukuli, omwe Mlembi ananena kuti ayenera kuganizira ntchito poyerekeza ndi "Tractatus".

Mosiyana ndi ntchito kale, "nthanthi zofufuza" ndi kalembedwe aulosi anawagawa m'magulu awiri. The gawo loyamba kapangidwe zotsatirazi:

• Lingaliro la chinenero ndi tanthauzo lake.
• Analysis epistemological ndi mfundo maganizo.
• Analysis mbali mayiko ndaitchula limaphunzitsa.

Gawo lachiwiri la buku zosakwana chipika ndi ali yosatha tione. Apa wolemba amalankhula mawu, kufunika kwake ndi ntchito nzeru pa nkhani zimenezi.

Lyudvig Vitgenshteyn - imodzi, anthu ambiri chinsisi cha zaka mazana makumi awiri. Mosiyana ndi mbadwo wake, sikuti kuganiza, komanso moyo mogwirizana ndi maganizo awo. Zinali uyamiko kwa Iye nzeru anali nzeru za chinenero - sayansi kuti ikufotokoza mmene anthu kuona ndi kufotokoza dziko.