Philosophy Berdyaev

Berdyaev (1874-1948) anachokera ku banja mfulu. Pamene ndinali kuwerenga pa University of Kiev, iye anayamba kufika kukuzungulira a Democrats Social ndipo anachita chidwi mu malingaliro a Marxism. Kale mu nthawi iyi kuti anakhala chidwi mafunso nzeru zaumunthu, ndinawerenga Hegel, Kant, Schelling, Marx, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Tolstoy. Pang'onopang'ono anapanga nzeru yake ya Berdyaev, likulu amene anali achipembedzo idealist nzeru. Patapita nthawi, iye anakhala mmodzi wa otsutsa kwambiri nthaŵi chuma ndi Marxism.

worldview wake chinapangidwa pa ntchito pa "Mafunso a Moyo" ndi "New Way". Iye anali woyambitsa wa gulu la chipembedzo-nthanthi amatchedwa "Memory Soloviev." Mu 1911 anafalitsa ntchito yake yoyamba. "Nzeru za ufulu," Berdyaev chinali akamaliza atsale mu kulungamitsidwa wa nzeru za "Wachiwiri-Christianity" ndi tanthauzo la "latsopano chikumbumtima achipembedzo". Mu 1916 anaonekera ntchito yake lotsatira, "Tanthauzo la Timagalasi" imene anazindikira maganizo ake.

The First World nkhondo zimadalira maganizo a nzeru zapamwamba, amene anaona ngati mapeto a Mchitidwe mbiri. Mbiri mphamvu kuti anali kukwaniritsa ntchito kudzakhalanso kwa anthu Mkhristu, adaona yekha mu Russia. Choncho mwansangala ya February utasintha ndi October zikuchepa zoipa anazindikira. The Bolshevik sosholisimu m'buku lake "The Philosophy wa lochitira" iye wotchedwa "amakakamizidwa abale."

Berdyaev analenga Free Academy of Culture Uzimu. The kusalandira Bolshevik mfundo wachititsa kuti maonekedwe a maulamuliro, anamangidwa kawiri mu 1922 - anatumiza kunja kwa "nthanthi bwato".

Ntchito yaikulu kuti afotokoze makhalidwe nzeru za Berdyaev, zinalengedwa mu nthawi ya ukapolo (Berlin choyamba, ndiye mzinda wa ku France Clamart). ntchito yake yaikulu - "Philosophy wa Free Mzimu", "Tanthauzo la Timagalasi", "Ukapolo ndi ufulu wa munthu", "Mzimu ndi Zenizeni," "Ufumu wa Mzimu ndi ufumu wa Kaisara," ". Omwe adaona metaphysics eschatological"

Likulu chinyezimiro chake nthanthi - mutu wa mwamuna. nzeru Berdyaev maziko ake anali pa zopanda ufulu wa zilandiridwenso ndi umunthu. chiphunzitso chake umatchulidwa kuti zochita za existentialism ndi personalism.

Berdyaev ankakhulupirira kuti umunthu kusungulumwa, kukhala osatetezeka ndi kusiyidwa kuti mizu mwa chilengedwe chikhalidwe, kapolo munthu ndi cholinga wozingwa ordinariness. Mantha osautsa a munthu akhoza kumasula nzeru za yekha kuti ali yojambula kwa opusa, umunthu zachiwawa dziko (ntchito "Ine ndi dziko la zinthu," amene Berdyaev analemba posachedwa).

Nzeru za ufulu pa ntchito yake wakhala anafotokoza mu mabuku ambiri, pakati pawo "Self-kudziwa". chiphunzitso chake chinakhala umalimbana kuthandiza munthu kutenga proactive ndi kulenga malo, motero kuswa ungwiro wa moyo.

malingaliro ake zitatu - ganizo la "Chikhristu chonse," lingaliro la ufulu ndi zilandiridwenso ya kupepesa. Ambiri, maganizo ake paradoskalno chibadidwe tanthauzo la mavuto moyo ndi chikondi pa yomweyo chidaliro mu chigonjetso cha ganizoli.

Pamene munthu woganiza achipembedzo Berdyaev analenga choyambirira view cosmogonic a dziko. Pamaso moyo analipo phompho (boma zopanda nzeru ufulu). Ndiko kuti, ufulu anali yoyamba zonse mwamtheradi, ngakhale Mulungu, amene anabadwa ndipo kenako adalenga dziko lapansi ndi anthu. Wa Mulungu anatsanulira mzimu anapumira iwo mwa munthu. Choncho, dziko liri zapansi awiri: mzimu ndi ufulu. zapansi izi amaphatikiza mwamuna ndi kutsutsana. Mzimu ndicho chachikulu poyerekezera ndi dziko zakuthupi ndi zofunika kwambiri kwa anthu. Popeza kuti khalidweli chikumbumtima ndipo amakhala a anthu.

nzeru Berdyaev ankapereka yabwino ufulu wa anthu, umene anautcha "personalist sosholisimu," amene ankatanthauza ulamuliro wa munthu pa anthu. Koma dera lino la anthu sangathe kukwaniritsa pa anthu, koma Mulungu ( "collegiality"). Choncho, tanthauzo la m'mbiri ya anthu ndi nyengo ya Ufumu wa Mulungu. mbiri Dziko Lapansi ndi amalire, koma si tsoka, ndi kugonjetsa chidani, kudzibisa ndipo objectification.