Pansi

Yokoka madzi mlingo mu pamwamba woyamba wa dziko lapansi zonse aquifer apano - ndi pansi. Iwo amasiyana kuti ali ndi ufulu padziko, ndi pamwamba pa izo pali denga mosalekeza wa miyala madzi. Iwo zili miyala ofooka ndi lotayirira. Timazipeza ming'alu mu manowa nyanja, metamorphic kapena miyala igneous, ndiponso kugona mu m'dambo Quaternary. Pansi malinga ndi zofunda zawo anawagawira ku mitundu ingapo: mosungiramo, zikukhudza ndi porous. mapangidwe awo kumachitika chifukwa kusalola wa madzi pamwamba ndi mpweya. MUNDA pamaso pawo zambiri chikugwirizana ndi kufala kwa aquifer, mphamvu za omwe si nthawi zonse, koma zimadalira kotunga kwambiri, mtunda ya m'dera kumaliseche a miyala madzi munali, etc.

Pansi ndi mbali yaikulu chimene chimasiyanitsa iwo kuchokera artesian, madzi chozama - kusowa kwa anzawo. Iwo amakhudzidwa ndi nyengo: kutentha, mpweya ndi kuthamanga, evaporation, etc. Ndiponso ali ndi chikoka zofunika za ntchito zachuma za munthu; ndi ikukoka wa mafuta ndi madzi kuchokera mu kuya, pomanga ulimi ngalande ndi nyumba hayidiroliki . Feteleza / nthaka yazaulimi, migodi, etc. Komanso, zikhalidwe hayidiroliki ndi zofunika: kusintha kwa kukhetsa mode, mwa kundipatsako ndi pamwamba matupi madzi.

Kumangidwa kuwonongeka pansi, zingakuvulazeni konkire ndi zipangizo zina zomanga. Musanayambe angagwiritse maofesi zofunika kuti agwire malo kuphunzira, ndi mwapadera linaperekedwa kwa kukhalapo, chikhalidwe, mipweya (ndewu) la pansi, komanso kuyembekezera kupanga madzi. Ndewu anatsimikiza solubility kashiamu carbonate ndi ayesedwa ndi digiri zotsatirazi: obschekislotnaya, leaching, magnesia, sulphate ndi mpweya.

Chifukwa chuma cha dziko, madzi amenewa ndi ofunika kwambiri monga gwero la madzi a midzi, maofesi mafakitale, etc. Iwo amapangidwa ndi zitsime pobowola ndi zitsime ndi miyala kukhuthula kaphatikizidwe ndi grids kuluka nsalu. Kodi iwo ali oopsa? Kapezekedwe ka pansi kukuchepetsa kuzindikira njira yomanga munthu, mwachitsanzo: kusankha maziko, kuli ndi pansi, pansi, m'chipinda chapansi kapena thanki septic.

Ground madzi chapansi ziletsa ndondomeko ya ntchito yomanga, chifukwa iwo kuchepetsa nthaka ndipo salola kuti agwire ntchito yomanga. Mpanda kutaya kubala mphamvu chifukwa chakuti caissons kosungira ndi zipinda zapansi motengera kuthamanga hydrostatic, zikayamba atayika. Ground madzi chapansi kwambiri bwanji mphamvu ya maziko, ndi kuwonjezera, kumafuna ena amene zoteteza: kudzipatula kwa capillary chinyezi pa mlingo pansi chitetezo makoma awiri daubing utomoni pa pulasitala, wothira phula otentha kapena simenti matope ndi Kuwonjezera gidrozita. Kuyambira mavuto nyumba chitetezo madzi amathera chipangizo bere ndi kudya madzi, komanso mwa chilengedwe cha makoma madzi Kakhungu ndi chapansi pansi.

Khama la mlingo pansi akuyamba ndi kupeza aquifer. Pa lathyathyathya pamwamba kapena gawo la iwo ali yemweyo kulikonse, ndipo pamene roughness mlingo akudutsa pamwamba ndi pansi pa malo anakweza - mu matendawa,. Kawirikawiri ili pa mtunda wa 20 m, mu madambo - 1 mita Ngati madzi chimadzaza gawo osaya matendawa,, mlingo wake ndi pamwamba pa nthaka .. Mu nyengo mvula, Mlingo wawo ndi chilala - yafupika.

Kuona mlingo wa pansi ndi yofunika kwambiri yomanga ndi kuyala maziko. Kuyambira izi kudzadalira kutenga mphamvu nthaka. Ngati msinkhu ndi wapamwamba kwambiri, lembani chapansi ndi kutiletsa kubala.