Sufi m'mafanizo, nzeru

Sufi nzeru - nthambi wapadera wa Islam, amene amakhala ndi zongoganiza, moyo wosasangalala ndipo austerity. The etymology ndi maganizo "Sufism" sizikumveka: asayansi ena amakhulupirira izo zikuchitika ku mawu oti "ubweya" (imene malaya sewn wokonda moyo wodzimana), ena kuona gwero la mawu akuti "benchi" (imene Sufis anali). Ndi chiyambi cha "Sufism" mfundo zingakhudzire mtengo wa "Sufi" muzu - koyera.

Chiyambi cha chiphunzitso

Woyamba moyo wodzimana Sufi anaonekera VIII-IX zaka. N. e. atangosiyana inayamba ndi kufala kwa Islam. Komabe, malinga ndi ofufuza ambiri, mphukira loyamba Sufi ziphunzitso anabadwa mu nthawi ya kalekale. Sufism odzipereka zinthu zauzimu zipembedzo zambiri wakale ndi zikhulupiriro, koma anali ndi kukhala maziko a mmodzi okhwima.

"Grand Sheikh"

Wotchuka kwambiri ndi zofunika Sufi nzeru zapamwamba ankaona al-Din Muhiyi Ibn 'Arabi, chifukwa nzeru zake amene amatchedwa Great Sheikh. Chikoka Chake chinali lalikulu pa anthu a m'nthawi yake ndi mibadwo wotsatira wa anzeru, aphungu a mafunde zina aumunthu. Akukhulupirira kuti cholembera Ibn'Arabi a oposa 100 zolembalemba ntchito nzeru. Pakati pawo, "The mavumbulutso Meccan", wotchedwa buku la Sufism ndipo munali mayankho a mafunso ambiri, komanso ndemanga nthanthi "malangizo" ndi ndakatulo zosonkhanitsira "Ulaliki wa chilakolako."

mfundo zikuluzikulu: mgwirizano wa zotsutsana

Chiphunzitso Sufi zikutipatsa mafunso ambiri mmene Mulungu akhoza kumvedwa kukhala wapadera ndi pa nthawi yomweyo kupoletsa zosiyanasiyana lonse la zochitika za dziko; malo a munthu mu dziko, ndi mmene zinthu ikukhudzana bwanji ndi chifuniro cha Mulungu; kodi mwayi weniweni ndi malire a nzeru za anthu ndi kuchitapo kanthu.

Mu Sufism pali yokhudza umodzi wa zotsutsana: nthawi limodzi ku wamuyaya, ena ku dziko lapansi chomwechi kuchokera la Mulungu. Ndipo tanthauzo la nkhani yolembedwa izi si nzeru okha. Chikudziwikabe ndi kupitirira, kuukitsa funso la munda wa chikhalidwe, makhalidwe, makhalidwe ndi zikhulupiriro zawo. Pa nthawi yomweyo kuti kudzipereka kuchokera mwambo Chisilamu: izi ndi chipembedzo cha Sufism imatengedwa wapamwamba ndi langwiro kwambiri ziphunzitso zonse kuyikidwa pa anthu. Komanso, ubale wa Sufism ndi mfundo Chisilamu miyambo akuwonetseredwa mu chakuti Sufis kukana uchimo wa mnofu payokha (koma osati kuchimwa kwa frills) kufotokoza kukana monasticism miyambo Mkhristu. Sufis kuti: chimwemwe sangakhale yekha wauzimu kapena payekhapayekha mu nkhani; chisangalalo - mu ukwati wawo, pamene wakhutitsidwa, ndipo iwo ndi zina zofunika kwa munthu.

mfundo zikuluzikulu: a munthu - umunthu Mulungu

Mu mawonekedwe chakale cha Sufi nzeru akulengeza biunity dziko dongosolo, kuti pali kugwirizana limodzi pakati pa choonadi ndi Creation, Mulungu ndi dziko lapansi. Mfundo ina yofunika n'zimene Sufi chikhalidwe cha zochita mwachindunji kulankhulana ndi zolinga. Mfundo imeneyi, nayenso, zochokera nzeru za Islam. Malinga ndi mfundo Sufi chifukwa cha kanthu zimadalira cholinga ndi aliyense akutenga chimodzimodzi chimene iye akufuna. Komano, mfundo yaikulu ya Sufism limanena kuti palibe mawu sangakhale zosasintha.

Malinga ndi zikhulupiliro za Sufis, mwamuna ndi umunthu wa Mulungu, ndipo aliyense zochita zake atsogoleri chifuniro cha Mulungu, ndi kukhala enieni kwambiri - anakwanitsa bwino Mulungu. Choncho, palibe njira yolakwika, chifukwa zipembedzo zonse ndi zovomerezeka kwa Mulungu. Choncho nzeru Sufi pakuonetsa walola: popeza palibe chidziwitso mu dziko kanthu koma chidziwitso cha Mulungu, ndipo palibe kanthu imagwiridwa ndi zolinga zina kuposa chikhumbo cha Mulungu. Choncho, chipembedzo chirichonse ndi zoona. Chinthu chokha lonama, - kulengeza chiphunzitso chirichonse achipembedzo anali wokhulupirika kwambiri ndi munthawi yomweyo kuwakana mtengo wa zipembedzo zina. Sufis kuwona chowonadi, mu mawonekedwe chirichonse chimene icho chingakhale chionetsedwe.

Cholinga cha Sufism

Mfundo yaikulu ya nzeru za Sufism imalimbikitsa ufulu wa moyo. Wotchuka wolemba ndakatulo Sufi Rumi analemba kuti: "Moyo padziko lapansi - mu ndende, ndipo iwo adzakhala kumeneko, pamene okhala padziko lapansi." Ludzu ufulu akhoza kukhala okwera wauzimu, kufuna kuphatikiza ndi Mulungu. The Sufi Osangopereka kuganiza za kukhala, iye amakhala pano. Guulu la chiphunzitso ichi anayesa kuzindikira okha ndi kuphunzitsa kulankhulana mwachindunji ndi Mulungu, chimene simuyenera amachita thandizo la ansembe. Ndicho chimene Sufis akuzunzidwa ndi anadzudzula ndi Islamists chikale. Part maganizo ichi ponseponse.

Zofunika Sufism - kuukitsa "munthu wangwiro", wokhoza pamwamba zachabechabe lapansi ndi mawonetseredwe zoipa chikhalidwe chake. Great njira Sufi ukutchedwa "tariqa". Chitsanzo cha ichi akuti ndi mapangidwe wauzimu wa mbiri wa Mtumiki Muhammad.

Mphamvu chikhalidwe Sufism

Sufism zinakhudza chitukuko cha nzeru, mwambo ndi aesthetics, luso ndi mabuku. nzeru Sufi umaonekera ntchito ya ndakatulo kum'mawa ndi anzeru wa malemu Middle Ages, ngati Farid al-Din Al-'Attar, Ibn al-Farid, Dzhalalad-Din ar-Rumi, Omar Khayyam, Jami, Abu Ali Ibn Sina (Avicenna), Nizami Gyandzhevi Ali Shir Navoi neri Al., amene ankagwira ntchito pa maziko a Sufi ikuimira chikondi, kulakalaka Wokondedwa (ie, Mulungu). Malinga ndi Sufis, chikondi (mahabba) - uyu ndi yayikulu maganizo athu wa munthu, imbaenda mgwirizano pakati pa wokonda ndi wokondedwa.

Panopa mu zaka X-XV. mabuku Sufi ukufanizidwa makamaka ndakatulo, kulenga zinenero zina za ku Middle East: .. Arabic, Chifasi, Turkey, Persian, Chiudu, etc. A malo apadera wotanganidwa ndi Sufi fanizo, ndi quintessence wa nzeru za ziphunzitso ndi akatswiri lachinsinsi.

mitu m'mafanizo

Kodi fanizo? M'lingaliro kwambiri ambiri, ndi lalifupi zothandiza nkhani yakuti khalidwe lingaliro limene anasonyeza mu mawonekedwe ophiphiritsa.

Dziko, yomwe imatithandiza kumveketsa Sufi m'mafanizo, zikubweretsa zenizeni woona. Motero osiyanasiyana monga moyo weniweniwo, ndi zosokoneza ndithu. Munthu aliyense akumvetsa mafanizo awa mosiyana koma onse kugawana cholinga wamba. Pa mtima pawo - kupeza choonadi mwa chikondi ndi mwa renunciation kudzikonda "ine" masomphenya ake ataphimbidwa. Mwakumvetsa luso yovuta imeneyi, munthu angathe kupeza Mulungu wake woona "Ine".

mafanizo ndakatulo ya Rumi

Ena fanizo Sufi olembedwa mu mawonekedwe prose, pamene ena - mu ndakatulo. Dama Mwachitsanzo, ntchito ya ndakatulo Rumi. Anasonkhanitsa m'buku la "The Way wa masinthidwe" Sufi fanizo anawamasulira ku Perisiya wotchedwa Dmitry Shchedrovitskii. Iwo amapembedza ndi nzeru zaumunthu ndemanga musanadye fanizo. Buku mulinso chikumbumtima ndi maganizo ndemanga, deta Markom Hatkevichem. ndemanga onse kuthandiza kuti akumvetseni bwino chofunikira ndi akuya mafanizo mwauzimu komanso m'makhalidwe. bukhu lofalitsidwa mu 2007 ndi kusindikiza nyumba "Tikuoneni" (Moscow).

Sufi fanizo za chikondi

Malinga Sufi nzeru, chikondi ndi maziko a chilengedwe ndi mphamvu galimoto manja a Mulungu, otchedwa Wokondedwa mu chiphunzitso ichi. M'fanizo la chikondi Sufi chiphunzitso cha Mulungu limeneli yatchulidwa mophiphiritsa mwa dongosolo la zithunzi. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito odziwika wakale Arabic nthano za chikondi anyamata Kaisa (dzina Majnun "wagwa mu misala") kwa mtsikana Layla. M'chifanizo cha Mulungu zikusonyezedwera ndi atsopano ndi mu mawonekedwe a Majnun - moyo ludzu la chidziwitso cha m'chifanizo cha Mulungu, angwiro mwauzimu ndi kupeza Choonadi wamkulu. Malinga ndi zikhulupiliro za Sufis, paradaiso - uwu si malo koma boma. Imodzi imene mtima ladzala ndi chikondi wauzimu, ndi maso zambiri dziko zakuthupi. Chifukwa, amaonera munthu - ndi nkhambakamwa chabe ziyerekezo a moyo, mawonekedwe lamkati. Pachifukwa ichi, inu angasinthe dziko kudzera mu kuyeretsedwa mkati ndi kudzazidwa ndi chikondi chenicheni. Ndipo ndi izo zifika chimwemwe, kukhala okhutira ndi chiyamiko.

Monga zitsanzo za mafanizo chikondi angatchedwe ntchito za Rumi "Chikondi Majnun", "Majnun ndi galu", "Nkhani ya kulimbikira chikondi" Navoi "Pa Valentine", "Okonda" Sanayi. mafanizo awa, pokhala olembedwa ndi alembi osiyanasiyana, ogwirizana ndi lingaliro wamba okhawo amisala, yotopetsa chikondi wakusamalira woona limasonyeza kuti munthu choonadi kuwala zake zonse.

Other Sufi fanizo

nkhani pafupipafupi ndi miyambi kudziwa mafunso, kupeza kufunika, kusankha abwino , ndi zina zotero. D. A Mwachitsanzo otchuka ndi nzeru Sufi fanizo la madzi. Magwero osiyanasiyana umatchedwa "Pamene kusintha madzi", "tchire ndi madzi" kapena "Madzi a misala." Ngati aliyense fanizo Sufi, zingabweretse kutanthauzira angapo ndipo anamvetsa mosiyana ndi anthu osiyanasiyana. Ambiri mukudabwa za mavuto kapena phindu wotengera madzi latsopano. Ena dzifunseni molondola analowa ngwazi yaikulu ya fanizo, poyamba kumwa madzi latsopano ndi kupewa misala, koma ndiye, sangathe kunyamula kusungulumwa, koma kuti agwirizane khamu. Wina view chidwi pa nkhani ya fanizo kungakhale funso lakuti: "N'chifukwa chiyani munthu ameneyu anaganiza kuti abuluke madzi watsopano nokha, mmalo moyesera kuti amapeza?"

M'mawu ena, Sufi m'mafanizo, palibe kutanthauzira umodzi, ndi tanthauzo chaululidwa kwa munthu mu ndondomeko ya kuganiza ndi kufunsa mafunso ndekha. Potsilizira pake, munthu aliyense akuona chinachake m'fanizo lake.

Sufi fanizo - wapadera gwero la nzeru, kuthandiza anthu kutsegula maganizo awo ndi kufunsa mafunso amene safika iye kale. The nzeru za Sufism - chidwi chodabwitsa, kwa zaka zikwi zambiri kusintha kwa chizolowezi chiphunzitso. Iwo kusiyana ndi kulolera chidwi omasukirana zinthu zatsopano za Mulungu. Theoreticians wa Sufism otchedwa chiphunzitso chake "chipembedzo cha chikondi".