Soviet kuwala thanki T-26. T-26: makhalidwe, mbiri ya chilengedwe, kapangidwe

Soviet kuwala nkhondowo magalimoto, ntchito zambiri pankhondo ya 1930s ndi Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, anali T-26. thanki iyi zinalengedwa zedi zikuluzikulu (zoposa 11 000 mayunitsi), kuposa wina aliyense nyengo. Mu 1930, Soviet Union 53 T-26 mitundu yapangidwa, kuphatikizapo thanki flamethrower, nkhondowo injiniya galimoto, lakutali womwe akasinja, kudzikonda injini mfuti, zida zankhondo thalakitala ndi oti muli nazo zida ogwira chonyamulira. Makumi awiri ndi zitatu za iwo anali malonda zilipo, ndi zina - zitsanzo experimental.

original British

T-26 anali zinachitika - British thanki Mk-E, amene anayamba kupanga ndi kampani "Vickers-Armstrong" mu 1928-1929. Zambiri ndi zosavuta kusamalira, anafuna kuti katundu ku mayiko zochepa sayansi anayamba: USSR, Poland, Argentina, Brazil, Japan, Thailand, China ndi ena ambiri. "Vickers" ikulengezedwa thanki wake m'mabuku nkhondo, ndi la Soviet Union aonetsa chidwi chitukuko ichi. Mu mgwirizano anasaina May 28, 1930, kampani kwa USSR makina 15 ziwiri nsanja (Type A, okhala ndi mfuti ziwiri makina, "Vickers" likungosonyeza 7.71 mm, madzi utakhazikika) ndi zolembedwa zonse luso kwa kuŵeta awo. Pamaso pa nsanja awiri kuti akhoza zimayenda paokha analola kuwombera onse lamanzere ndi lamanja pa nthawi yomweyo, pa nthawi imeneyo ankaona ntchito yabwino kwa anatulukira za malinga kumunda. Akatswiri angapo Soviet nawo msonkhano wa akasinja pa "Vickers" fakitale mu 1930. Mpaka mapeto a chaka chino mu USSR analandira choyamba anayi Mk-E mtundu A.

Chiyambi cha kupanga mndandanda

Mu USSR, ndiye basi ine ntchito ntchito yapadera, amene ntchito anali kusankha akasinja lina kwa kugawanika. English thanki Mk-E walandira zolembedwa kwa lakuti zosakhalitsa B-26. M'nyengo yozizira zaka 1930-1931 pa malo pafupi Poklonnaya Góra chiyesedwe cha awiri makina awa akhala akufufuza, iwo akwanitsa zapita. Chifukwa, mu February, anaganiza kuyamba kupanga awo mu USSR pansi pa T-26.

Thanki ya mtanda woyamba komanso turrets okonzeka ndi Soviet zopangidwa, wayesedwa kwa kukana kuti mfuti mfuti moto chilimwe cha 1931, iye anachotsedwa kwa mfuti ndi mfuti za makina "limakhulupirira" ndi ochiritsira ndi zida kuboola zipolopolo kuchokera pa mtunda wa mamita 50 Iwo wapezeka. kuti thanki wolingalira moto ndi kuwonongeka kwenikweni (okha ena rivets zinawonongeka). Mankhwala kusanthula anasonyeza kuti kutsogolo zida mbale anapangidwa zosapanga zida, pamene denga ndi mbale pansi nsanja akhala zopangidwa ndi zitsulo wamba. Ngakhale zida kupanga Izhora mbewu, ntchito chitsanzo choyamba T-26 wochepa mu khalidwe English chifukwa chosowa zipangizo zamakono zitsulo mu USSR.

Development wa kusinthidwa koyamba mu 1931

Akatswiri Soviet sali chabe mobwerezabwereza 6 matani "Vickers". Kodi ndi zinthu zatsopano ali mu T-26? Thanki mu 1931, komanso zinachitika ake British, anali ndi ziwiri nsanja kasinthidwe ndi mfuti za makina awiri, aliyense nsanja. Chachikulu kusiyana pakati pawo chinali chakuti apamwamba ndi slits kuonerera pa T-26 turret. Soviet nsanja anali recess zozungulira kwa Degtyareva thanki mfuti, mosiyana ndi amakona anayi ntchito yomanga pachiyambi kwa mfuti British "Vickers". Mbali kutsogolo kwa thupi komanso kakang'ono zasintha.

Nthawi T-26 ndi nsanja ziwiri anasonkhana ntchito oti muli nazo zida mbale 13-15 mamilimita riveted kwa chimango mbali zitsulo. Izo zinali zokwanira kupirira mfuti moto. Kuwala akasinja wa USSR, pa mapeto a 1932-1933, anali onse riveted ndi welded thupi. Inu simungakhoze kunena za mankhwala atsopano. Soviet thanki T-26 mu 1931 anali nsanja ziwiri cylindrical, wokwera pa mayendedwe mpira; aliyense payekhapayekha nsanja zimayenda 240 °. Onse nsanja akhoza kupereka kugogoda ya kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo yowotcha arcs (100 ° aliyense). Kodi drawback chachikulu chinali ndi T-26? Ziwiri nsanja chimake ali dongosolo n'zovuta, kuchepetsa yokhulupirika. Komanso, firepower onse thanki sakanatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mbali imodzi. Choncho, oyambirira 30 ntchentche padziko lonse anasiya kasinthidwe magalimoto nkhondo.

A rekodi-nsanja kuwala thanki T-26

makhalidwe ake anali kwambiri bwino poyerekeza ndi kasinthidwe ziwiri nsanja. Yopangidwa kuyambira 1933, iye poyamba ndi cylindrical nsanja mfuti 20K chitsanzo, likungosonyeza 45 mamilimita ndi makina wina mfuti Degtyarev 7,62 mm. mfuti ili linali buku bwino kwa odana ndi mfuti 19K chitsanzo (1932), ndi imodzi mwa amphamvu kwambiri kwa nthawi. Kwambiri ochepa m'mayiko ena akasinja anali zipangizo zofanana, ngati aliyense anali. zida zimene ena anali wokhoza kunyamula latsopano T-26? Thanki 1933 akhoza kukhala zitatu zina 7.62 mm makina mfuti. Umenewu mu firepower cholinga chake chinali kuthandiza adalira mu kugonjetsedwa kwa wapadera odana ndi magulu, chifukwa choyambirira mfuti armament ankaona osakwanira. chithunzi chili m'munsichi chikusonyeza chimodzi mwa zitsanzo za T-26, amene ali thanki Museum ku Kubinka, ndi kusonkhanitsa waukulu wa magalimoto a asilikali ku dziko.

Tiyeni tikambirane makhalidwe luso.

Kodi injini anali T-26

Features, mwatsoka anatsimikiza ndi kuchuluka kwa injini ngakhale 20s kwa zaka za m'ma 20. thanki anali okonzeka ndi 4 yamphamvu mafuta injini mphamvu malita 90. a. (67 kW) ndi mpweya kuzirala, amene anali wangwiro buku injini "Armstrong Sidley" ntchito 6 matani "Vickers". Inali kumbuyo kwa thanki. Kumayambiriro Soviet-anapanga makina thanki anali wa khalidwe osauka, koma bwino kuyambira 1934. Engine thanki T-26 analibe liwiro limiter nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kutenthedwa ndiponso kuwonongeka kwa mavavu, makamaka m'chilimwe. thanki mafuta 182 malita ndi malita mafuta thanki 27 anaiika pafupi injini. Iye anagwiritsa ntchito yapamwamba-octeni, otchedwa Grozny mafuta; Anadzaza chachiwiri bwino mafuta akhoza kuwononga kwa vavu chifukwa cha detonation ake. Kenako, polima kwambiri capacious mafuta thanki (malita 290 m'malo 182 l). zimakupiza Engine kuzirala wakhala anaika pa izo pa nkhani yapadera.

Choka T-26 inkakhala ndi umodzi-chimbale youma zowalamulira pa zowalamulira chachikulu, bokosi ndi magiya zisanu pamaso pa thanki, kum'patula ulamuliro ukapolo, transmissions ndi gulu lomaliza la mabuleki. Kufala anali olumikizidwa kwa injini ndi galimoto kutsinde anakafika pamodzi thanki. Ndalezo kusintha magiya, anali wokwera mwachindunji pa bokosi.

Wamakono wa 1938-1939

Chaka chino, Soviet thanki T-26 analandira watsopano conical nsanja ndi kukana bwino ndi zipolopolo, koma sizinasinthe welded thupi, kuti wa chitsanzo mu 1933 kuti sikunali kokwanira, izo zikusonyeza nkhondo ndi militarists Japanese mu 1938, kuti thanki wakhala akweza kamodzinso mu February 1939. Tsopano walandira pansi-turret chipinda ndi mtima wofunitsitsa (23 °) 20 mamilimita mbali mbale oti muli nazo zida. Khoma makulidwe a nsanja ziwonjezeke kwa 20 mamilimita pa maganizo a madigiri 18. thanki Izi zinaperekedwa kwa T-26-1 (kudziwika ngati T-26 chitsanzo 1939 magwero chi). zoyesayesa wotsatira kulimbikitsa gulu kutsogolo anakhalabe zosachitika, monga ulimi wa T-26 posakhalitsa anasiya mokomera nyumba zina, monga T-34.

Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, ndi kuphana kulemera kwa T-26 nthawi kuchokera 1931 mpaka 1939 kuchuluka kwa 8 matani 10,25. chithunzi m'munsimu chikusonyeza T-26 chitsanzo 1939 Ndi, poyamba, kuchokera zosonkhanitsira, amene ali padziko lonse lapansi owonetsera zakale thanki mu Kubinka.

Monga nkhani anayamba kumenyana T-26

Kuwala thanki T-26 koyamba nawo nkhondoyo pa nkhondo ku Spain. Ndiye Soviet Union, kuyambira mu October 1936, anakamba boma ake Republican okwana zitsanzo 281 ya akasinja mu 1933

The mtanda loyamba akasinja ku Republican Spain anatengedwa October 13, 1936 ku doko mzinda wa Cartagena; fifite-T-26 ndi zitsulo za galimoto, zida, mafuta ndi pafupifupi 80 ongodzipereka pansi mkulu lamulo 8 osiyana makina brigade Akol S. Krivosheina.

Woyamba Soviet makina, anaika mu Cartagena, ankafuna ntchito yokonza thanki dziko, koma zimenezi mozungulira Madrid wakhala zovuta kwambiri, woyamba akasinja khumi anali ku kampani akasinja, amene adatenga lamulo Soviet mkulu Pol Arman (Chilativiya mbadwa, koma anakulira France) .

Armand anaigonjetsera anapita mu kuchitapo October 29, 1936 30 kuchokera kum'mwera kumadzulo kwa Madrid. Khumi ndi T-26 patsogolo ndi 35 Km pa khumi anaukira ndipo anamupangitsa awiri Frankists (anagonjetsa pafupifupi ziwiri squads Morocco apakavalo ndi awiri oyenda battalion; khumi 75 mm mfuti kumunda, wedges anayi CV 33, ndi magalimoto makumi awiri kuti makumi atatu ndi asilikali katundu zawonongedwa kapena kuonongeka), imfa ya zitatu T-26 mafuta ndi mabomba ndiponso zida zankhondo moto.

Woyamba kudziwika nkhani ya kumenya akazi awo nkhosa mu nkhondo thanki zinachitika pa tsiku thanki platoon mkulu mkulu Semena Osadchego linakumana ndi awiri tankettes Italy CV 33, akuponya mmodzi wa iwo mu chigwa yaing'ono. Mamembala a wedgies ena oyendetsa anaphedwa ndi mfuti moto.

Machine Captain Armand anatenthedwa mafuta bomba, koma mkulu anavulazidwa anapitiriza kutsogolera kampaniyo. thanki wake anawonongedwa limodzi ndi kuonongeka wedges awiri CV 33 mizinga ikulira. December 31, 1936 Captain P. Arman analandira Star ya Hero wa Soviet Union kuti kunkhondo, ndipo nawo mwakhama chitetezo wa Madrid. November 17, 1936 mu kampani ya Armand anali akasinja zisanu zokha nkhondowo okonzeka.

T-26 anali ntchito pafupifupi ntchito lankhondo la Civil nkhondo ndi kusonyeza chapamwamba mwa German Panzer Division ndi Chitaliyana akasinja kuwala tankettes CV 33 mfuti yokha ndi mfuti za makina. Pankhondo ya Guadalajara T-26 ukulu kunatero zoonekeratu kuti okonza Italy anauziridwa kukhala ofanana woyamba Italy sing'anga thanki "Fiat M13 / 40."

"... ndipo tinakwera pansi asilikaliwo pansi mavuto zitsulo ndi moto"

mawu awa ali wotchuka mu zaka za m'ma otsiriza, nyimbo kuonetsa mbali ya akasinja kuwala T-26 Soviet-Japanese nkhondo, amene anapitilira mbiri nkhondowo ya akasinja lapansi. Woyamba wa amenewa anali zipolowe mu July 1938 pafupi ndi nyanja Hassan. Akugwira ntchitoyi 2 makina brigade ndi awiri battalions osiyana thanki anali akasinja 257 okha T-26.

2 makina brigade anali posachedwapa anaika lamulo latsopano lakuti ndodo, 99% ya matabwa ake m'mbuyomu lamulo (kuphatikizapo mkulu brigade P. Panfilov) anamangidwa masiku atatu monga adani a anthu kuti asankhe udindo ankhondo. Zimenezi kungasokoneze zochita za brigade pa mkangano (mwachitsanzo, akasinja ake unachitikira maola 11, kudutsa 45 wa makilomita ulendo chifukwa umbuli wa njira). Pa akanthe ndi Japanese ankaweruza mayina ndi Zaozernaya mapiri Soviet akasinja anakumana ndi mwadongosolo odana thanki chitetezo. Chifukwa, akasinja ndi 76 9 ali adayipsa kutenthedwa. Pambuyo nkhondoyo inatha, 39 akasinja awa lapezeka mu mayunitsi akasinja, ndi ena - anakonza pansi shopu.

A ochepa akasinja T-26 flamethrower zochokera iwo anatenga gawo mu nkhondo yolimbana ndi makamu Japanese pa Khalkhin Goal mu 1939. nkhondo makina athu anali pa chiopsezo ku ofunkha thanki magulu Japanese, onyamula Molotov cocktails. Pamene otsika khalidwe welds kukhala mipata mu mbale zida, ndi kuwatentha petulo mosavuta ankawaviika adalira chipinda ndi injini chipinda. 37mm Cannon mtundu 95 mu thanki Japanese m'mapapo, ngakhale mlingo wake mediocre anali polimbana T-26 Komanso.

Madzulo a Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World

Madzulo a 2 nkhondo padziko lonse, Red Army anali za 8500 T-26 zosintha zonse. Nthawi imeneyi, T-26-e makamaka mu magulu osiyana kuyatsa akasinja (aliyense timu 256-267 T-26) ndi osiyana thanki battalion magulu mfuti (10-15 akasinja). Iwo unali mtundu wa mayunitsi thanki kuti nawo msonkhano mu chakum'mawa kwa Ukraine ndi Belarus mu September 1939. Nkhondowo zomvetsa ku Poland anali khumi okha T-26 a. Komabe, 302 akasinja zowawa zolephera luso pa kuguba.

Iwo nawo Zima Nkhondo December 1939 - March 1940 ndi Finland. Kuwala brigades oti muli nazo zida zida ndi zitsanzo zosiyanasiyana za akasinja, kuphatikizapo awiri ndi kasinthidwe rekodi-nsanja, opangidwa kuchokera 1931 mpaka 1939. Ena battalions zida ndi makina akale makamaka popanga 1931-1936 gg. Koma ena mayunitsi thanki zida ndi chitsanzo watsopano 1939. okwana gawo la Lenvoenokruga analipo chiyambi cha nkhondo mayunitsi 848 a T-26. Pamodzi ndi BT ndi T-28 zidali mbali imodzi ya zimakhudza mphamvu yaikulu panthawi yopuma mzere Mannerheim.

Nkhondo imeneyi zasonyeza kuti T-26 ndi chinthu chakale ndi mamangidwe nkhokwe zake wotopa. Chifinishi antitank mfuti likungosonyeza 37 mamilimita ndi 20 mm antitank mfuti mosavuta atagonjetsa ndi woonda antipulevuyu zida T-26, ndi mbali zili ndi iwo, zowawa awiri pa yojambula wa Mannerheim Line, imene lawi-kuponya makina pa maziko a T-26 galimotoyo ankaimba mbali yofunika kwambiri.

Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse - nkhondo yotsiriza ya T-26 ndi

T-26-E ndipamene maziko magulu oti muli nazo zida za Red Army mu miyezi oyambirira a German nkhondo ya Soviet Union mu 1941. Pa June 1, spacecraft anali 10.268 kuwala akasinja T-26 zitsanzo onse, kuphatikizapo magalimoto oti muli nazo zida pa galimotoyo awo. Ambiri a iwo anali wopangidwa magalimoto kunkhondo ku Soviet makina Corps kuzigawo malire asilikali. Mwachitsanzo, Western Special usilikali District, anali 1136 makina amenewo pa 22 June 1941 (52% ya akasinja onse m'chigawo cha). Cacikulu, zinali 4875 ngati akasinja mu distilikiti asilikali kumadzulo pa June 1, 1941. Komabe, ena mwa iwo sanali okonzeka nkhondowo chifukwa cha kusowa ziwalo, monga mabatire, mbozi ndi mawilo mbozi. zovuta zoterozo zachititsa kuti kusiyidwa pafupifupi 30% ya chosalanga zilipo T-26 a. Komanso, pafupifupi 30% ya akasinja zilipo anali kupanga 1931-1934 ndipo ayesa moyo utumiki wawo. Choncho, asanu Soviet m'maboma asilikali a kumadzulo anali padziko 3100-3200 T-26 zitsanzo zonse bwino (40% zida), amene anali yekha pang'ono zosakwana chiwerengero cha akasinja German anafuna kuti nkhondo ya Soviet Union.

T-26 (Model 1938/1939 ndi. Makamaka) akhoza kulimbana akasinja kwambiri German mu 1941, koma anali wolephera chitsanzo Panzer III ndi Panzer IV nawo mu "Opaleshoni Barbarossa" mu June 1941. Ndi mayunitsi thanki onse a Red Army anataya katundu wolemera chifukwa lathunthu mpweya ukulu wa German "Luftwaffe". Ambiri mwa T-26 ndi anasowa mu miyezi ya nkhondo, makamaka shelling cha mdani zida zankhondo ndiponso kunyanyala mpweya. Ambiri inawonongeka zifukwa luso ndi chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zida zosinthira.

Komabe, mu miyezi ya nkhondo, ndipo ife tikudziwa kwambiri mwa zinthu zochititsa amunamuna kulimbikira Aisiraeli Soviet thanki T-26 ndi lopondereza. Mwachitsanzo, khamu 55 battalion Panzer ongokhala khumi rekodi-nsanja T-26 ndi khumi awiri nsanja, pamene likufotokoza mthunzi la nambala 117 la mfuti kugawikana Zhlobin m'dera anawononga seventini makina German.

Ngakhale imfa, ndi T-26 akadali nkhani mbali yofunika kwambiri magulu oti muli nazo zida za Red Army mu chaka cha 1941 (zambiri luso anabwera kuchokera m'zigawo mkati asilikali - Central Asia, ndi Urals, Siberia, mwina ochokera Kummawa). Pa nthawi ya nkhondoyo, T-26 anali m'malo ndi T34 apamwamba kwambiri kuposa. Iwo nawo pankhondo yolimbana ndi Germany ndi anzawo kunkhondo pakati pafupi Moscow mu 1941-1942., Mu nkhondo ya Stalingrad ndi Nkhondo ya Caucasus mu 1942-1943. Angapo mayunitsi thanki wa Leningrad Front ntchito akasinja awo T-26 mpaka 1944.

Kugonjetsedwa kwa Japanese Kwantung Army ku Manchuria mu August 1945 anali machitidwe otsiriza nkhondo imene ankagwiritsa ntchito. Ambiri, tisaiwale, mbiri ya akasinja - chinthu chokopa.