Russian njira ndege. Kulimbana mphamvu ya Russian ndege

Mawu achigiriki "njira" akufotokoza mfundo mawu watanthauzo wa kukwaniritsa cholinga chachikulu. Mu mbali asilikali, limatanthauza imatsogoleredwa ndondomeko ya ntchito kuti apambane mu nkhondo ambiri, popanda kupita mwatsatanetsatane ndi mfundo za masitepe munthu. Kuchita ntchito imeneyi masiku asilikali a mayiko ena ndi njira yapadera. Izi zikuphatikiza kulimbikitsa njira yeniyeni, roketi mphamvu, sitima zankhondo za nyukiliya ndi njira ndege. Russian Air Force mu dongosolo la mitundu iwiri ya zoponya mabomba losatha waluso mwa kupha mipherezero kutali pafupifupi kulikonse mu dziko lapansi.

A History Mwachidule a Russian njira ndege

choyamba zoponya mabomba njira dziko anaonekera mu Russian Ufumu. Chofunika kwa gulu ili la ndege inkakhala mu mphamvu zoti auze chandamale wambiri mokwanira lalikulu la zipolopolo ndi kuika ndalama komanso malonda a dziko ankhanza zinawonongeka kwambiri.

60 zoponya mabomba za "Ilya Muromets" yapadera mpweya squadron, pamene otsala invulnerable, anali m'mizinda ndi mafakitale a Austria-Hungary ndi Germany, loopsa kwambiri mu First World nkhondo, pa chotayikacho ndege imodzi yokha ya mtundu uwu.

Kuukira ndi Civil Nkhondo kumbuyo chitukuko cha mafakitale ndege. Sukulu ndege anatayika, mlengi "Muromets" Sikorsky anasamuka ku dziko, ndi makope otsala yoponya mabomba losatha dziko anamwalira ingloriously. Mu boma latsopano anali nkhawa zina, zolinga zawo sakuphatikizapo chitetezo. The Bolsheviks kudzakhala kusintha dziko.

Ndege chitetezo

Russian njira ndege ndi chida cha mfundo zake kumbuyo monga adani imawonongeka m'munsi mafakitale, monga ulamuliro, sikuphatikizidwa mu zolinga za aggressors lapansi. Mu zaka chisanadze nkhondo ku Soviet Union iwo unalengedwa ndi yoponya mabomba wapadera TB-7, yopambana bwino nthawi kuti nyemba za Maphunziro B-17 "Kuuluka Linga". Ndi pa ndege imeneyi V. M. Molotov anapita mu 1941, United Kingdom, momasuka kuswa airspace wa Nazi ku Germany. Komabe, muyezo ndi chozizwitsa cha luso kwachitika.

Nkhondo itatha, Soviet Union kwathunthu anakopera American B-29 (Lachiwiri-4), kufunika kwa mtundu uwu wa ndege wakhala mwamsanga pambuyo pakutchulidwa ya nyukiliya, ndi nthawi kukhala kapangidwe awo sikokwanira. Komabe, mkubwela kwa ndege interceptors lotha ndi yoponya mabomba. Tinkafunika njira yatsopano, ndi iwo anapezeka.

Chida kapena ndege?

Pamodzi ndi sitima zankhondo za nyukiliya zida ndi intercontinental mivi ballistic, ntchito Kulimbana kumuopseza padziko lonse ndipo amasankha njira ndege. Russian nyukiliya zida mu kalasi ya onyamula lagawidwa zitatu zimene amapanga mtundu wa wa ku. Pambuyo kuoneka ICBMs wangwiro kwambiri 50s mu utsogoleri Soviet anali Musanyengedwe zina za padziko lonse njira yoperekera, koma ntchito polojekiti anayamba pansi Stalin, onse anavomera kusintha.

Timalimbikitsidwa chachikulu kupitiriza kafukufuku m'munda wa yomanga makina olemedwa ndi utali wozungulira lalikulu kanthu anali kukhazikitsidwa ndi US Air Force mu 1956, B-52 yoponya mabomba, subsonic liwiro ndipo ali wamkulu nkhondowo katundu. Yankho ofananira anali Lachiwiri 95 zinayi injini ndege ndi mapiko chinapululutsa. Zasonyezanso kuti tinasankha kukhala ntchitoyi anali kulondola.

Lachiwiri 95 motsutsa B-52

Utatha wa USSR njira thandizo zida za nyukiliya Lachiwiri 95 analowa nkhondowo mphamvu ya Russian ndege. Ngakhale zaka, izi makina akupitiriza kutumikira monga chida. Big, olimba kapangidwe limakupatsani ntchito monga Launcher airborne monga analogue kunja wa B-52. ndege onse analowa utumiki pafupifupi imodzi ndi kukhala specifications pafupifupi ofanana. Ndipo Lachiwiri 95 ndi B-52 pa nthawi zodula States Komabe, zinalengedwa ndi kumangidwa pa chikumbumtima Choncho, ndi kutalika kwa moyo motalika kwambiri. Volumetric bomba Bay akhoza kumakhalamo mivi sitima (X-55), amene angathe kuyamba mbali, amene amalenga kuti amenye nyukiliya popanda kudutsa malire dziko anaukira Mulungu.

Pambuyo wamakono wa Lachiwiri-95MS ndi dismantling asilikali chifukwa lililonse zipolopolo svobodnopadayuschih kwenikweni losatha ndege la Chitaganya cha Russia walandira ndege yatsopano njira, zida ndi zipangizo navigation ndi malangizo kachitidwe kamakono.

Airborne chida m'munsi

Kuwonjezera pa US, dziko yekha latsopano la Russia ndi mndandanda wa zoponya mabomba losatha. Pambuyo 1991 wakhala matalala, boma analibe ndalama zokwanira kukhala wokonzeka luso ndiponso mafuta. Only mu 2007, Russia adapitiriza njira ndege flights pa zigawo ambiri osiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo pamodzi m'malire US. Chida onyamula Lachiwiri 95 ikuchitika mu mlengalenga yosayima pafupifupi masiku awiri, imafunika kuthiridwa mafuta ndi kubwerera ku airbase inaonetsa kuthekera likhoza nkhondo ya nyukiliya kulimbikitsa mphamvu ya kubwezera lonse. Koma osati makina amenewa akhoza kuchita ntchito deterrence. Palinso supersonic Russian njira ndege.

Musati kuwombera "woyera swans", ndi achabechabe

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa US Air Force analengeza bwino kumbuyo mu makumi asanu ndi awiri ndi njira supersonic yoponya mabomba B-1 sangapite amaona utsogoleri Soviet. Mu Mipingo m'mawa Soviet Air Force anawonjezera ndege watsopano, Lachiwiri 160. Pambuyo kugwa kwa Union a Soviet njira ndege la Russia tinatengera ambiri a iwo, kupatula odulidwa zidutswa mu Ukraine khumi ndi m'modzi mwa "White Mbalame ya Chinsansa", omwe anakhala showpiece cha nyumbayi mu Poltava. Malinga ndi makhalidwe ake luso ndi ndege izi yoponya mabomba-zida ndi chitsanzo cha m'badwo watsopano, ali variable zikulilima mapiko anayi injini ndege, stratospheric denga (mamita 21 zikwi) ndi wamkulu kuposa wa Lachiwiri 95, nkhondowo payload (matani 45 Versus 11 ). Ubwino waukulu wa "White Mbalame ya Chinsansa" - supersonic liwiro (mpaka 2200 Km / h). The utali wozungulira nkhondowo ntchito amakwaniritsa Africa American. Interception ndege magawo akatswiri amenewa ndi mabvuto ntchito.

Conventionally njira Lachiwiri 22

Kapangidwe ka njira ndege mu USSR ndi Russia ndi ofanana m'njira zambiri. Zombo wobadwa nawo, zingatithandize kwa nthawi yaitali, koma kwenikweni imakhala mitundu iwiri ya makina - ndi Lachiwiri 95 ndipo Lachiwiri 160. Koma pali yoponya mabomba wina, amene si zogwirizana ndi cholinga njira, ngakhale kuti akhoza chopereka mwachamuna zotsatira za nkhondo padziko lonse. Lachiwiri-22M si kukhala kwambiri ndi zimagawidwa monga sing'anga, iye kukhala liwiro supersonic ndipo akhoza kukwaniritsa ambiri mivi wovuta. ndege Izi si ankaikira zoponya mabomba intercontinental zouluka osiyanasiyana, kotero imatengedwa ndi salembedwa njira. Bukuli lakonzedwa kuti kuukira zapansi ndi bridgeheads mdani Nkosatheka ili mu Asia ndi Ulaya.

Kodi zoponya mabomba latsopano?

Russian njira ndege panopa tichipeza makumi a mitundu itatu waukulu makina (Lachiwiri 160, Lachiwiri-95 ndi Lachiwiri-22). Onse sali yatsopano ndipo anakhala nthawi yaitali mu mlengalenga ndipo mwina munthu zingaoneke kuti makina amenewa ayenera m'malo. Atolankhani, kutali nkhani nkhondo, nthawi zina amatchedwa "Tengelelani" Lachiwiri 95 chidina makina. Izo ziyenera Komabe, taganizirani chodabwitsa chilichonse poyerekezera. America chifukwa scrapping B-52 yao Akakutumiza, nthawizina iwo kuuluka adzukulu a ndege yoyamba kuti adziwe iwo, koma zimphona mpweya zosapatsa palibe dzina lonyoza. ingapezeke njira zoponya mabomba, adani athu Nkosatheka koma kumanga, monga momwe ife tikudziwira, mulibe kukonza, kuganizira iwo mofulumira okalamba luso makhalidwe kalasi. Ambiri mwina, ndi mbali Russian sadzakhala kuyambitsa wozungulira atsopano a mtundu manja.