MANPADS "Strela": zofunika (Photos)

Kuika "Strela-2" anakhala munthu woyamba machitidwe mpweya chitetezo munthu m'manja ndipo anatengedwa mu utumiki ku Soviet Union kumbuyo mu 60s lapansi. The indexing GRAU akuti ndi 9K32 MANPADS. Mu United States gulu lotchedwa SA-7 Grail.

"Strela-2": mbiri ya chilengedwe

Mu 1962, m'tauni ya Kolomna, izo anapezerapo chinsinsi asilikali ntchito. Cholinga chake chinali kulenga wamphamvu percussive kunyamula zovuta angathe kumenya mpweya ndi nthaka mipherezero pa ranges yochepa. The njira yabwino vuto pa nthawi imene anali MANPADS "Strela-2".

Komabe choyamba ubatizo nkhondowo unsembe sanapite komanso kuyembekezera. ndege ambiri pambuyo choipa koma anabwerera ku airfields awo. chifukwa kugona chakuti Sam mphamvu zachiwawa anali osakwanira kwa kuwononga kwambiri, makamaka ngati kugunda zinachitika mu gawo mchira. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anaganiza kuti kukweza mfundo anaika. Choncho mu 1968 iye anabadwa "Strela-2M" (MANPADS codification 9K32M). Kusinthidwa analola kumenya mipherezero akusuntha mu mlengalenga pa liwiro ndi kutseka 950 Km / h. mayesero anali bwinobwino pa Donguz mayeso malo mu 1970. Chikadzangotha kuti MANPADS Analeredwa, ndipo patapita zaka zingapo mabaibulo katundu limodzi ndi percussion m'matangadza kuposa mayiko 60.

kusankhidwa

MANPADS Izi ndi njira kwambiri yodzitetezera onse pa kuguba ndi m'munda. Zam'manja unsembe angathe kumenya Helicopters ndi ndege, ngakhale pamalo okwera otsika kwambiri. Mmodzi mwa ubwino waukulu MANPADS "Strela-2" zimakhalanso kuwala ake kulemera ndi kukula yaing'ono, amene amalola kuti mosavuta kunyamulidwa ndi munthu mmodzi. Ndi khwekhwe ili mungagwiritsire ntchito malo amenewa angaletsedwe ngati dambo, nkhalango ndi mapiri.

9K32 ndi kusinthidwa ake anafuna kuti chitetezo cha battalions makina oyenda. Protection amaperekedwa ndi chikuto cha gulu ndi mfundo wamphamvu pa mipherezero mdani otsika-zouluka, kuphatikizapo mivi wovuta. Kuyambira projectile anapanga kuthamangitsa chinthu kuti mpweya ndi kudziwika chowombelera ake zithunzi. Ananyoza zotheka kwa kuimirira, mwa ngalande, ndi bondo kusasankha magalimoto oti muli nazo zida.

Chifukwa sayenda awo ndi mphamvu ya MANPADS kale kale yaikulu munthu mwatsatanetsatane-kuponya zida za Soviet Army.

"Strela-2": zikuchokera

The original ndi kusinthidwa khwekhwe ndi madera atatu a kasinthidwe zofanana: homing mivi 9M32 zino, ndi choyambitsa ndi magetsi. MANPADS "Strela-2" ankaona kwambiri mofulumira zake odana ndege zida dziko. Pasanapite 1.5 pambuyo choyambitsa kumachitika roketi Launch. Pambuyo masekondi angapo a projectile angakaphe chandamale pa mtunda wa makilomita 4. Mu nkhani ya Abiti mlandu kuonongeka wokha pambuyo 17 m pambuyo pa chiyambi. Kuika "Strela-2M" - MANPADS ndi bwino ntchito pa kulanda ndi chiwonongeko. Pambuyo kukulitsa njira akhala makina ndi kuthamanga gos projectile. Adziwerenga odana ndi ndege gunners analanda mofulumira kusuntha chinthu. Zikuonekanso bwino kusankha chandamale kudziwika mu kusokonezedwa achilengedwe. The wamakono zidatheka chiwonongeko cha zinthu lidzawombana. Komanso, zinkakhala m'dera anali kukula Jets.

Chithunzi yaikulu ya unsembe watsopano unali kutentha kwa gos, amene amakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira phokoso. Uyamiko kwa Iye, MANPADS angathe kugwila cholinga ngakhale m'mitambo cumulus kuti mfundo 3. Komabe, zovuta anali akadali pa chiopsezo ku kutentha msampha ndege.

makhalidwe Magwiridwe

Limited osiyanasiyana chandamale chiwonongeko 3,4 Km, pamene kusinthidwa ndi kalata "M" amalola kuti aukire mipherezero pa ranges kuchokera 800 mpaka 4200 m. Pankhani pazipita ndege okwera projectile ndi yankholo mu osiyanasiyana mpaka 2300 m.

Free liwiro zimasiyanasiyana 430 mpaka 500 m / s. zolinga kugonjetsedwa vdogon ikuchitika pa liwiro avareji 240 m / s, kwa - mamita 150 / s. Roketi ankaimira mtundu 9M32 kapena kusinthidwa ake. Likungosonyeza - 72 mm. chipolopolo kutalika - mamita 1,44 ndi akulemera makilogalamu 9,5. Kulemera kwa zovuta ndi za 5 kg.

Pokonzekera kukhazikitsidwa kwa aluso odana ndege gunners adzafunika masekondi 10 okha.

"Strela-3" mbiri ndi cholinga

Lachitsanzo watsopano MANPADS Union "Strela" linasindikizidwa mu misa mu 70s m'ma. Unsembe amadziwika codification ake ndi gulu 9K34 USA - SA 14 Gremlin. Maziko kusinthidwa anali latsopano mndandanda 9M36 mzinga, amene anali okonzeka ndi wapadera infuraredi adani mutu ndi gawo-modulated kuyang'ana mwauzimu matalikidwe. Imakhala kukana kwa zachilengedwe ndi RFI.

MANPADS "Strela-3" osiyana ndege liwiro ndi liwiro chida maneuverability. Komanso mu njira ya wamakono wa gos polima phokoso-umboni dongosolo kuzirala. Kuti tsopano cholinga cha kuyima akanakhoza kuchitidwa ngakhale mu nyengo yamkuntho. Zimenezi zachitika chitsanzo kupanga malamulo ambiri katundu. 9K34 Development zinayamba kuchitika kumayambiriro 70s, koma kwa nthawi yaitali, unsembe ali sichimaperekedwa mayesero onse. Mu May 1973, MANPADS potsiriza anasonyeza mbali yabwino, ndipo patadutsa miyezi yochepa kuti anatengera.

Mu 70s mochedwa analowa wolowa zovuta. MANPADS mobwerezabwereza lalikulu zedi kwa mayiko monga Angola, Vietnam, El Salvador, Jordan, India, Korea North, Iraq, Cuba, Nicaragua, Syria, Peru, Libya, UAE, South Africa. Ku Ulaya, mbewu pa muyezo wa Hungary, East Germany, Finland, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia. Dziko yekha kuposa Soviet Union, adali ndi chiphatso kwa yopanga zida, anali Poland.

"Strela-3": zikuchokera

Amalize unit kunyamula zikuphatikizapo: a choyambitsa limagwirira 9P58 mndandanda 9M36 mizinga, pansi wofunsa mafunso 1RL247 chabe wailesi malangizo wakapezayo 9S13 ndi R 147.

Waukulu chidwi mphamvu ya MANPADS "Strela-3M" ndi chitsanzo choyambirira ndi 9M36 chida. Linapangidwa pa "bakha" chiwembu ndipo ndi mndandanda wa zipinda zinayi angongole: galimoto, kuphana, ndi chiwongolero mutu. Control zimatheka ndi onsewo ndi projectile pa liwiro la 20 rpm. / S kwa akatembenuka atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena mbendera ndi matenthedwe kachipangizo gos. Tikumbukenso kuti kuuluka bwino potsatira njira kulamulira pamalo zili ndege imodzi. Poyamba cholembera kuwuluridwa stabilizers, kubwera kuchokera kwa nozzles chitoliro. Pa unsembe pakompyuta ndi nyumba chipika, lama fuyusi, cholumikizira foni pulagi, gulu kukhudzana ndi choyambitsa. Kutsata ikuchitika GYRO ndi wailesi ndiye njira wakapezayo deta.

makhalidwe Magwiridwe

Lachitsanzo watsopano zovuta ndi ofanana ndi Baibulo yapita zizindikiro chabe ya nthawi akukonzekera ananyoza ndi okha, komanso likungosonyeza 72th. Enawo wachitatu wa MANPADS "Strela" makhalidwe bwino. Chida kutalika zochepa mamita 1,25 ndi kulemera kwa makilogalamu 10. Komano, misa zovuta ndi chawonjezeka chifukwa zigawo yatsopano ndipo anali oposa 6 makilogalamu.

"Mivi Yanu 3" Amatha kumenya zinthu pa mtunda wa mamita 500 4500. N'zotheka ofukula ndege kutalika zimasiyanasiyana mpaka 3 Km. vdogon mlandu ndege liwiro ndi 310 m / s, kukumana cholinga - 230 m / s. Ndi watsopano bwino chitsanzo cha antiaircraft ngakhale mwayi kugunda ndege kalasi "womenya." Mwina kuononga mipherezero zimenezi ndi chida chimodzi Akuti pa 33%.

"Strela-10": kusankhidwa

unsembe Izi ndi mafoni mpweya chitetezo chida dongosolo 9K35 codification. zolembedwa The amatchedwa NATO SA-13 njale. 9K35 chitsanzo lakonzedwa kuti azindikire ndi n'chongoletsa mipherezero mpweya ikakhala otsika. Chifukwa cha mphamvu ya wamba zovuta "Muvi-3. Mwamsanga 1969 Komiti ya CPSU chapakati , anaganiza kuti akonze mafoni crawler unsembe mu kufanana ndi MANPADS choyamba. "Strela-10", makhalidwe zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti kwambiri m'manja ndi Mipikisano zinchito nkhondowo m'munsi mwa USSR, palibe mavuto ndi mayesero ndipo posachedwapa kukodzedwa nkhokwe ya Soviet Army.

Zotsatira za zovuta anapanga 9M37 mizinga, angathe kugwira ntchito mu 2 njira mode malangizo.

Kuika "Strela-10" wakhala bwinobwino ntchito mu ntchito ku Angola ndi Gulf.