Ndege "Robinson": makhalidwe, photos, liwiro. Akuuluka ndege ndi "Robinson"

Osowa dalaivala, kamodzi mu nthawi magalimoto kupanikizana, sanadandaulepo kuti galimoto yake sadziwa luso kunyamuka kuuluka pa Nkhata Bay. Makamaka zosasangalatsa overabundance zoyendera ngati nthawi ndi zofunika kuposa ndalama. Zimenezi zikachitika anthu amene amalamulira zinkafuna chimene kukhala mochedwa ku msonkhano bizinezi kuwasandutsa zomvetsa yaikulu. Monga ulamuliro, magalimoto mabizinesi kugula mtengo. Ndiyeno ife tikupeza yankho. Ndege "Robinson" pa mtengo wake ili m'manja mwa mtengo mapiri a Yolamula kalasi galimoto chitonthozo si wolephera "Cadillac," ndipo iye akudziwa mavuto palibe magalimoto.

kamangidwe

Ndege ntchito ndekha mu West anaonekera kale, koma kale zizipezeka kwa anthu olemera kwambiri. Mu Mipingo zaka mazana makumi awiri, ndi olimba US Robinson ndege anagwira maganizo ochepa payekha msika ndege ndi kuyamba kukhala chitsanzo ndege kuti angadzaze kagawo kakang'ono ogula pakati kalasi. Ndipotu, izo zimayenera kukhala "zouluka galimoto" imene, kuwonjezera pa woyendetsa sitima, inkatha okwera atatu kapena anayi ndi katundu. Mu America, anthu ambiri amayenda pa magalimoto awo kusiya mtunda wa ku zikwi makilomita, ndipo Pa mtunda masamu "Robinson". The ndege, kuwonjezera pa zinthu zofunika zimenezi, monga mwa katundu wogwidwa ndi zina zofunika: zosavuta kusamalira ndi piloting kuphunzira, ndalama mafuta, wautali moyo utumiki, kukonza zosavuta, kudalirika, chitetezo ndi chilimbikitso. Kutsatira zinthu zonsezi mu galimoto yomweyo - kovuta ndi Maofesi a kampani kuchita khama. Panapita pafupifupi zaka khumi kukhala ndege. Mu 1990, a ndege "Robinson" chitsanzo choyamba R44 kaŵirikaŵiri anali wokonzeka angapo zaka wakhala mbiri yabwino ndi wakhala anayambitsa kumsika kakang'ono kuposa ndege zina.

kapangidwe

Kufanizira ndi galimoto mumaganiza yomweyo atakomana ndi deta ndege ntchitoyo ndegeyo. Ndege "Robinson" akulemera zoposa matani ndi mafuta, woyendetsa Anthu ndi katundu wawo. Izi limafanana pafupifupi kulemera yodzaza "Zhiguley". The mafuta mu akasinja ya malita 185 aikidwa, umene uli wokwanira kwa maola atatu kapena anayi ndi theka kapena makilomita 650 ndege. Komabe, anthu amene anali ndi moyo kuthana ndi njira ndege yaing'ono, mukudziwa kuti kuwuluka kumaloku sikokwanira, tiyenera kukhala wokhoza kumtunda uko. Ndipo izi zimafuna airfield (ngati kuthawira zikuchitika pa ndege) kapena nsanja abwino (ndege). M'mimba mwake wa ozungulira "Robinson" ndi pang'ono kuposa mamita khumi, chiwerengero chonse miyeso - 11,75 m, koma izi sizitanthauza kuti n'zosavuta kuvala ndege iliyonse, njanjira ndi kutalika, ukusowa katundu kwambiri. Komabe, zikhalidwe za chodzala zofunikira za makina ndi zazing'ono ngati n'kotheka chifukwa Mbali ina kapangidwe - ndi wononga ndi mkulu, mamita oposa atatu pamwamba pansi, ndi Mwina ndi kuwatengera iwo kwa ena cholepheretsa yaing'ono. Mu mawu ena, ndege "Robinson" mu mwapadera okonzeka ankafika malo ndi osafunika.

zinsinsi powerplant

makina alembedwera malinga chiwembu chakale ndi chotengera chimodzi ndi chimodzi chiwongolero tinakwera (akulipira) a wononga oyenerera pa mtengo wa. The amagetsi ili kumbuyo zashuga ndi zikuphatikizapo mota ndi zida. kutayipa galimoto, malingana ndi Baibulo, kungakhale 540 kapena IO-O-540 Lycoming - milandu onse, mphamvu angapo kuposa 260 ndiyamphamvu; Chiwerengero cha masilindala - sikisi. Mu kanyumba la ndege la zimakhalanso chete. Chinsinsi cha otsika mlingo phokoso, moyo nthawi utumiki ndiponso kudalirika mkulu wa amagetsi tichipeza redundancy, i.e. mphamvu headroom. Iwo amagwira ntchito "theka mtima", popanda Yosefera, amene pamodzi ndi chidwi ntchito zipangizo (kuphatikizapo gulu), kuonetsetsa otsika phokoso, ndipo pamodzi ndi kuchuluka avale kukana, kumabweretsa zotsatira zabwino kwambiri.

kasamalidwe

Ochepa Helicopters, kotero kumvera woyendetsa monga "Robinson". ndege lakonzedwa kuti woyendetsa limodzi, koma ngati n'koyenera, pansi kudzanja lamanja la wokwera ukhoza kulanda piloting. Kuchita izi, moti ulamuliro kogwirira kozungulira (ozungulira Inde) mu mbali ndi ntchito zawo phula kusintha ndalezo ndi Gala, amene kumanzereku okonzeka ndi mipando onse kutsogolo. Siyense otsika-tonnage ndege ali okonzeka ndi ulamuliro wapawiri-ntchito, koma ndi lofunika bwanji kusintha chitetezo ndiponso mu maphunziro a ndege, omwe kawirikawiri eni magalimoto.

ndege ntchito

Aliyense ndege Akuti mwa akatswiri kuchuluka magawo cholinga amayezedwa manambalawo. Choncho, luso ntchito makina mu M'madera a zitunda kumpoto kapena kotentha amapereka kutentha osiyanasiyana amene ndege otetezeka. Tikambirana chitsanzo luso ndi lonse - kuchokera -30 ° C kwa + 40 ° C, amene tinganene kuti n'zotheka ntchito yake pafupifupi dera lonse la Russia. Sitima (i.e., wabwinobwino opaleshoni) liwiro la ndege "Robinson" pafupifupi wofanana ndi mtunda 110 pa ola limodzi (mu mayunitsi anatengera mu United States) kapena athu 177 Km / h, koma akhoza kufika 190 mu afterburner. Ngati tikulingalira kuwongoka njira yodutsamo, mapindu a zoyendera mpweya kumaonekera. Zolemba malire okwera otchedwa aviators denga, ufikira mamita 4250, koma zambiri ndi m'munsi chimodzi ndi theka zikwi, limene ambiri ndalama mafuta ndege "Robinson". Makhalidwe zimadalira chitsanzo ndi digiri ya moyo m'badwo utumiki.

zosintha

Robinson ndege kampani mawu kupanga kovuta kuyerekeza ndi "zinsomba" wa makampani American ndege monga "Boeing", "Sikorsky" kapena "McDonnell Douglas". Bwino malonda a kampani anafika ku pang'onong'ono limasonyeza msika gawo la ndege yaing'ono. Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti malonda ake ukunenedwa okha makasitomala, iwo kukhala ndi mabungwe a boma (mwachitsanzo, apolisi), osati American. Pofuna kukwaniritsa ogula waukulu wa sipekitiramu za ntchitozo Mabaibulo zisanu ndi ziwiri "Robinson" Helicopters:

- "Astro" - zoyendetsedwa ndi O-540.

- "khwangwala" - chitsanzo malonda ndi kumakula injini O-540-F1B5 pa sled zitsulo chimene chingathe kupirira ankafika pa pamalo makamaka zovuta.

- "Clipper" - zimatengedwa Baibulo (gidrovertolet).

- "khwangwala II» - jekeseni injini ali IO-540-AE1A5. Komanso, masamba tinakwera anapangidwa onse. Komanso anawonjezera mphamvu navigation kuti kulola ndege ndi zochepa kapena ziro aone.

- "Clipper II» - yemweyo "khwangwala II» mu gidrovariante.

- "Ha-Aef Ari-Mphunzitsi" - monga dzina lake likunenera, chitsanzo maphunziro, zida ndi zipangizo zonse zofunikira.

- "Polis II» - galimoto ya polisi, wokonzeka mogwirizana.

Chitonthozo ndi chitetezo

Akuuluka mu ndege "Robinson" si wosiyana kwambiri ndi kupita ku galimoto ochiritsira pa msewu wabwino. Mipando yabwino anamanga pansi mabokosi katundu. Glazing ndi osangalala, osati woyendetsa (funso limeneli n'kofunika yothandiza kuti: bwino mwachidule, ndi zosavuta kuyenda mu mlengalenga), komanso okwera amene ali chabe chidwi.

Koma ngozi kuswa, izo ndithudi alipo, koma zikuoneka zochepa kwambiri kuposa pamene kusamukira modes ena zoyendera. Ngakhale injini kulephera zambiri kumayambitsa ndi mavuto aakulu - mbali osati "Robinson" (ndipo n'zosavuta kwambiri), koma ambiri a ndege za helikoputala onse kuti akhoza kupanga ikamatera ndi zofewa chifukwa kasinthasintha inertial za ozungulira (otchedwa autorotation).

Nthawi zambiri mtundu wa magalimoto kupeza ngozi chifukwa maphunziro osakwanira a ndege, kapena utumiki zosayenera.

msika yachiwiri

Factory mtengo mu US "Robinson R-44" ndi mtengo $ 300 zikwi. Polingalira za malire ndi miyambo chilolezo ndalama wogulitsa, ndi ku Russia anafika 450 zikwi. Chotero mtengo mkulu limalimbikitsa eni angathe kufunafuna njira ndalama pogula zida zina zofunika pa msika sekondale, pamene inu mukhoza kupanga chinthu, kulipira kuchokera 270 mpaka 400 madola zikwi US. Wa Helicopters khumi zisanu ndi zinayi anagulitsa choncho, si zosiyana ndi ndege "Robinson". Photos of zida akufuna zilibe kanthu kwambiri, chofunika kwambiri ndi yosonkhanitsa deta pa moyo utumiki wa mayunitsi ndi zaka ambiri. Nthawi pakati overhauls akhoza musalumphe maola 2,200 amene anafunsidwa (amene, poyamba, si wotchipa -. Kulipira za $ 60 zikwi). Tiyeneranso kulabadira kwa ena thandizo lililonse mayunitsi, makamaka kwambiri mtengo. Popeza kuti makampani opanga ndege padziko lonse lapansi phindu zofunika simuli a kwa malonda a zida, ndipo payokha Eliya ake a zigawo ndi consumables.