Kodi yabwino French thanki? chitsanzo mwachidule

Thanki zomanga mu nthawi yathu - mmodzi wa mumaganiza ŵa mu zochitika asilikali. Development zida wakhala wotchuka chifukwa mphamvu ambiri a ku Ulaya, kuphatikizapo France. dziko Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mayiko amenewo, sipangakhalenso bwinobwino m'gulu oyambitsa a asilikali oti muli nazo zida. Choncho, review mwatsatanetsatane za akasinja French idzachitike mu nkhaniyi, kusanthula zitsanzo ndipo lili ndi mbiri ya chitukuko.

prehistory

Aliyense akudziwa kuti pomanga akasinja, monga, anayamba pa First World nkhondo. France anali dziko wachiwiri anatenga akasinja nkhondo.

Woyamba French thanki anali okonzeka mu September 1916. Mlengi wake anali Jean Etienne, amene mosamalitsa kulankhula, akuganiza kuti bambo kukhazikitsidwa kwa French chitukuko thanki. kapitawo uyu anali mkulu wa ndodo ya zida zankhondo Regiment. Iye ankadziwa kusintha zinthu kutsogolo, ndipo chifukwa ganizo choyamba kudzera mwa yojambula za mzere mdani wa chitetezo akugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto inamva. Pambuyo pake, mu gawo azikhala, anakonza kukhazikitsa ndi zida zankhondo kupondereza mdani kukana kuyambira udindo uwu. Apa tiyenera kupanga ndemanga zofunika: ". Kumenya zida zankhondo mathirakitala" magalimoto oti muli nazo zida, yomwe ife timaitcha ya akasinja ku French m'masiku amenewo ankatchedwa

Start kupanga

Lamulo wapamwamba wa French, ngati akuluakulu a asilikali ambiri a m'mayiko ena pa nthawi imeneyo, lingaliro la zomangamanga thanki anatenga ochenjera kwambiri ndi amantha. Komabe, Etienne anachita khama ndipo anali thandizo la General Joffe, kotero chilolezo anapatsidwa kumanga zinachitika. kampani "Renault" anali mu zaka za mtsogoleri wa zomangamanga. Kuti iye Etienne akufuna kutsegula nyengo yatsopano magalimoto oti muli nazo zida. Koma kasamalidwe kampani anakakamizika kukana, kutchula chakuti iwo alibe zinachitikira ndi magalimoto inamva.

Pa nkhani imeneyi, French thanki anapatsidwa kumanga kampani "Schneider" imene ili Mlengi yaikulu ya zida zosiyanasiyana ndi zinakuchitikiranipo "Holt" mu kusungitsa ndi thirakitara. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, kumayambiriro 1916 kampani analandira lamulo kwa akasinja 400, amene anadzatchedwa monga CA1 ( "Schneider").

Features wa magalimoto woyamba oti muli nazo zida

Popeza makamaka aliyense mfundo thanki sanapangidwe anthu, pankhani imeneyi, France walandira embodiments iwiri yosiyana ya akasinja, onse amene potengera chitsanzo cha thalakitala mbozi. Poyerekeza ndi English French thanki magalimoto oti muli nazo zida analibe mbozi Kuthana ndi nyumba pa wozungulira lapansi. Iwo inali mbali ndi mwachindunji m'munsimu chimango lapansi. Galimotoyo ali kunatulukira, amene amaloledwa ntchito makina mosavuta. Komanso, chotero kapangidwe zipangitsa chitonthozo kwa anthu ogwira ntchito. Komabe, mbali kutsogolo kwa thupi galimoto anapachika m'njira, ndi chifukwa chopinga chilichonse ofukula amakhala yosalephera.

Thanki Lui Reno

Pambuyo zinaonekeratu kuti thanki nyumba - adzapeza malangizo, Etienne anabwerera ku kampaniyo "Renault". Panthawi imeneyi msilikali anali wokhoza kuti athandize vuto kwa Mlengi - kulenga thanki kuwala ndi silhouette ang'ono ndi chiopsezo kochepa, amene Ntchito yaikulu ndi kuthandiza oyenda nawo nkhondo. "Renault Ft" - Chifukwa cha French akasinja kuwala zinalengedwa.

mbadwo watsopano zida

Thanki "Renault Ft 17" imatengedwa chitsanzo loyamba thanki, amene wakhala ntchito mawonekedwe tingachipeze powerenga (injini chipinda imakhala kuseri, nkhondowo chipinda - pakati, ndi kulekana kwa kasamalidwe - kutsogolo), komanso anali ndi nsanja kuti akhoza atembenuza madigiri 360.

Adalira awiri - dalaivala-makaniko ndi mkulu, amene anali nawo pa ntchito yokonza mfuti kapena mfuti.

Titalandira akasinja angakhale chida kapena mfuti ya makina. "Cannon" zosinthika envisaged unsembe zoopsa zoyenera mfuti "Gochkiss SA18" awiri a 37 mm. Malangizo mfuti adatengedwa ndi mpumulo wapadera phewa, kulola kuchita nsonga ofukula mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera madigiri -20 kuti +35.

Galimotoyo thanki inaperekedwa ndiponso thandizo odzigudubuza, kutsogolera mawilo younikira tensioning limagwirira wononga, amene nawonso, anali krupnozvenchatymi ndi cogging.

Mu gawo aft wa thanki anali ndi bulaketi, imene makina anali wokhoza kuti dambo mitengo awiri mamita 0,25, kugonjetsa ngalande ndi ngalande za m'lifupi mpaka mamita 1.8 ndipo akhoza kulimbana mayina pa makona a madigiri 28. The osachepera kutembenukira utali wozungulira thanki anali mamita 1,41.

Mapeto a Dziko Lonse Yoyamba

Nthawi imeneyi, General Etienne anapanga pofuna kulenga mphamvu palokha thanki umene ukuyenera kukhala zilekanitse kuwala, sing'anga ndi makina lolemera. Komabe, thupi ambiri anali maganizo, ndipo kuyambira 1920, mabungwe onse anali wamng'ono thanki oyenda. Pa nkhani imeneyi, padali kugawanikana asilikali ndi oyenda akasinja.

Koma alimbikitsa ntchito ya Etienne sanali pachabe - mpaka 1923, kampani «FCM» amalenga khumi towered akasinja katundu 2C. Nayenso, chifukwa kampani "Timna", pali French nthambi ya akasinja M zitsanzo, makina amenewa anali chidwi mu kuti ntchito imodzi ndi mayendedwe ndi matayala. mtundu wa injini akhoza kusinthidwa malinga ozungulira.

Army motorization pulogalamu

Mu 1931, France anayamba kupereka ulemu wapadera kwa gudumu ndi reconnaissance magalimoto. Pa nkhani imeneyi, kampani "Renault" wakhala anayambitsa atsopano pa nthawi ya kuwala AMR thanki. Izi nsanja makina ndi thupi ogwirizana pamodzi kudzera mwa chimango okhota ndi rivets. mapepala zitsulo akhazikitsidwa ndi ngodya zomveka wa ndingaliro. nsanja ija ankatembenukira kwa kumanzere, ndipo injini - kumanja. Adalira inkakhala anthu awiri anazilemba. zida Standard anali mfuti awiri - Reibel likungosonyeza wa 7.5 mamilimita ndi krupokaliberny Hotchkiss (13,2 mm).

Sagwirizana nazo oti muli nazo zida galimoto

Zolemba malire chitukuko cha akasinja French anali mu nthawi ya zaka 1936-1940. Ichi ndi chifukwa kuwuka anali nkhondo imeneyi imene asilikali French anali bwino.

Mmodzi wa akasinja, amene analowa utumiki mu 1934, anali B1. ntchito zake zinasonyeza kuti anali ndi zovuta kwambiri: zosayenera unsembe wa zida choncho, mlingo mkulu wa kusatetezeka kwa galimotoyo, kufalitsidwa zopanda chilungamo mwa ntchito pakati pa anthu adalira. Khalani Zaoneka kuti mfundo dalaivalayo anali kuponya ulamuliro wa makina ndi kugwira ntchito yobweretsa zipolopolo. Zimenezi zinachititsa chakuti chifukwa cha thanki anakhala wotsatira n'kupuma.

Komanso, mwapadera ndi mmene makina zida. French akasinja katundu, komanso anzawo kwina mu dziko, ndi zofunika wapadera chitetezo awo. B1 iwo sanali kutsatila.

Ndipo potsiriza, Chofunika - B1 anali okwera mtengo kwambiri pomanga, ntchito ndi kukonzanso. Za makhalidwe abwino za makina ndi Dziwani liwiro lake mkulu ndi kulipira wabwino.

bwino lachitsanzo

Poganizira French akasinja katundu, muyenera ndithudi kulabadira makina B-1 bis. Kulemera kwa thanki anali matani 32, ndi kuchuluka kwa wosanjikiza oti muli nazo zida anali 60 mm. Ichi chizathandiza adalira kumva yokha zvschischennym kwa mfuti German kupatula mfuti antiaircraft Flak 36 likungosonyeza 88 mm. Komanso anatsindika armament.

Palokha, galimoto oti muli nazo zida anali kutuluka mbali chosungunula. Nsanja anapanga ndi akuponya, ndi nyumba yakwera ku zigawo zingapo oti muli nazo zida cholukanalukana ndi akapichi.

Mwakathithi zachilendo tinganene kuti pamaso pa chitini cha chilimbikitso hayidiroliki, kulola angayendetsere Mipikisano matani colossus popanda vuto.

Monga zida ntchito ndi CA 35 75 mamilimita likungosonyeza Cannon, yomwe inali pa dzanja lamanja la dalaivala. Ngodya ya okwera madigiri 25 declination - 15. mfuti yopingasa anali fixation okhwima.

Likupezeka anali mfuti "Chatellerault" likungosonyeza 7.5 mm. Iye anali wokwera basi pansipa mfuti. Moto kuchokera zingachitike ngati dalaivala ndi thanki mkulu. Pa nthawi yomweyo ntchito choyambitsa magetsi.

Lowani thanki zikhoza kukhala kupyolera mu khomo oti muli nazo zida kumanja, hatches ili nsanja ndi pa mpando wa dalaivala, komanso makomo mwadzidzidzi awiri - imodzi inali pansi ndi imodzi pamwamba pa injini chipinda.

Komanso izi thanki French anali okonzeka ndi akasinja kudziletsa wosindikiza mafuta ndi mbali gyro. Unathandizira galimoto adalira chiwerengero cha anayi. Chinthu chapadera za makina tinganene kuti pamaso pa siteshoni ya wailesi, umene panthawi imeneyo unali m'chipani.

Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse

akasinja French wa World Wachiwiri anali kuperekedwa kwa makina zotsatirazi:

• Hotchkiss H35 - makina, mwakuchita "Gochkiss". Mu undercarriage ake ntchito odzigudubuza sikisi kuti mbali iliyonse. Pafupifupi madera onse a thanki akhala ataponyedwa. Zida zinali mfuti 37 mm. Zida anali ndi makulidwe a 34 mamilimita 45 mm, malingana ndi malo ake.
• Renault R35 - thanki ndi mawonekedwe zachikhalidwe. The makina lonse chamangiriridwa ndi kugwirizana hairpin. Corps anaponyedwa. Firepower inaperekedwa mfuti ndi mfuti za makina. The magetsi - injini carbureted zinayi yamphamvu mphamvu ya 83 ndiyamphamvu. Mwatsoka, thanki wakhala pang'onopang'ono. Pa thupi matani 10, iye akanakhoza kokha kufika imathamanga 19 Km / h, panali thandizo kwenikweni mayunitsi oyenda.
• Middle oyenda thanki "Reno D-2 '- makina ndi wamakhalidwe zida makulidwe ndi wosakwiya liwiro kuyenda. Thanki mfuti anali ndi awiri a 47 mamilimita makina mfuti - 7.5 mm. Turret kasinthasintha ndi mfuti anagwira dzanja ndalezo. Mbali ya odzigudubuza 14 ankagwiritsa ntchito.
• Somua S35 - thanki ndi kumbuyo-wokwera powerplant. Engine - carburetor, eyiti yamphamvu, madzi-utakhazikika. Galimotoyo anali zokuzira ndi HIV Buku. Kulamulira makina ntchito awiri masiyanidwe. Kuyimitsidwa anali wosanganiza odzigudubuza. thupi Mbali anali pamaso pa ndalama zisanu ndi chimodzi mwa zida chamangiriridwa pa. Hexagonal nsanja anali wolimba. Kusonyeza ndi Cannon ndi makina mfuti. The makulidwe a mazunzo zida wolingana 36 mm, mbali - 41 mm, ndi mazunzo zida nsanja - 56 mm. The zovuta zitha pachikhalidwe otsika mathamangidwe a thanki, makamaka pa mtunda akhakula.

masiku pambuyo pa nkhondo

Anatengera mu 1946, pulogalamu thanki zomanga zachititsa kuti zimene anayamba kutulutsa French akasinja bwino.

Mu 1951 anapita kuwala thanki AMX-13 kuchokera conveyor lapansi. Maonekedwe ake amakhala zokhala turret.

Nkhondo thanki AMX 30 anayamba inakhazikitsa mu 1980. makonzedwe ake ali chiwembu tingachipeze powerenga. Dalaivala m'menemo oyenerera kumanzere. Gunner ndi thanki mkulu ili mu kumenyana chipinda kumanja kwa mfuti, nawuza womenya chomwecho wakhala kumanja. Voliyumu ya akasinja mafuta ndi 960 malita. Zipolopolo anali 47 akatemera.

Thanki AMX 32 ali ndi unyinji wa tonnes 40. Pamene mutuluka mfuti mikono 120 mm, 20 mamilimita mfuti M693 makina mfuti ndi 7,62 mm. Zipolopolo - 38 zipolopolo. Ndi thanki msewu amatha imathamanga 65 km / h. olimba manja dongosolo olumikizidwa ku makina. Mu kukhalapo kwa digito ballistic computer, laser rangefinder. Ntchito usiku ntchito pamodzi ndi mfuti kamera "Thomson S5R". Round aone angathe kuchitidwa ndi periscopes eyiti. Komanso, thanki ali okonzeka ndi dongosolo moto yimitsira ndi mpweya, anayamba kulenga utsi zowonetsera.

Baibulo katundu

Ngati pamwamba chitsanzo French akasinja inkakhala France zida thanki AMX 40 anapangidwa yekha kwa katundu. moto chiongoko ndi machitidwe ulamuliro kupereka mwayi 90% kumenya chandamale, amene angathe udzakhazikitsidwe pa mtunda wa mamita 2000. Kotero nthawi kudziwika kuwonongedwa kwa chandamale akudutsa masekondi 8 okha. The galimoto galimoto - dizilo, 12 yamphamvu, turbocharged engine. Kumakhudzana ndi HIV ndi zodziwikiratu 7P, amene amalola kukhala ndi mphamvu 1300 L. a., koma kenako kufala German linasintha ndi ofanana French. Pa thankiyo khwalala ali ndi liwiro pamwamba 70 km / h.

Masiku ano

Pakali pano, ambiri atsopano French thanki - AMX 56 "Leclerc". kupanga ake siriyo unayambitsidwa kumbuyo mu 1991.

Thanki amakhala ndi digiri yapamwamba ya machulukitsidwe wa zamagetsi, ndi mtengo okwana umene uli wofanana ndi mtengo theka la makina lonse. Kamangidwe a thanki - tingachipeze powerenga. The armament waukulu anaikidwa nsanja.

Zida makina - Mipikisano wosanjikiza ndi okonzeka ndi gaskets yopangidwa ndi zisulo ceramic. Mbali kutsogolo kwa nyumba ali ndi mamangidwe yodziyimira payokha kuti zikhale zosavuta kusintha mbali zowonongeka.

thanki nazonso okonzeka ndi dongosolo amateteza adalira kwa zida zoopsa ndi chenjezo zokhudza dongosolo laser walitsa.

The nkhondowo injini chipinda ndipo ali ndi dongosolo wozimitsa mwamsanga-moto. Palibe vuto akhoza anafunsa ndi utsi chophimba pa mtunda wa mamita mpaka 55.

Waukulu thanki mfuti ndi mfuti SM-120-26 120 mm. Komanso, pamaso pa mfuti awiri osiyana likungosonyeza. Kulimbana Machine kulemera - matani 54,5.