Atomiki 420 mamilimita matope 2B1 "Oka": zofunika

Mbiri ya heavy-ntchito zida zankhondo zida za nkhondo zonse manyazi ndi curiosities. Mu Moscow Kremlin ukufanizidwa ndi kukopa wathu mbiri - ndi Tsar Cannon, mogometsa ndi kunyada kwa smelters Russian. Aliyense akudziwa kuti, ngakhale ungwiro luso kuphedwa, ndi chipangizo zikuluzikulu konse ntchito. Pali zitsanzo zina za zida, nazizwa ndi kukula kwambiri koma anali n'ngwokayikitsa yothandiza. Munthu angathe kutumikira monga matope atomiki 2B1 "Oka". Mosiyana ndi Tsar Cannon, ankaperekerako cholinga chake, koma pa anthu akhala akutayirapo dothi lapansi.

Zida zankhondo ndi megalomania

Ikulu zida zankhondo mfuti kuti kale zakhala "yonse" ya utsamunda German. Mu March 1917, Wehrmacht mabomba Paris, ntchito yaikulu likungosonyeza mfuti losatha. The okhala City Wamuyaya sanayembekezere zoopsa zotere, mzere kutsogolo anali kutali. The French, nayenso anamanga mfuti ija, ndi zaka 30 kukhazikitsa iwo kukhala tcheru Maginot Line. Germany analanda mizindayo pa chiyambi cha nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali (kwa avale) anayesedwa zikho. Ntchito pa chitukuko cha zida amapulumutsa zipolopolo lalikulu makilomita 100 kapena kuposa, wopangidwa Britain ndi USSR. Zotsatira za ntchito ya zoopsa awa anali kuchita si zofunika kwambiri. Galeta mlandu m'manda mu nthaka ku amadza ndi sing'ambika pansi wochindikala pasanabuke kuwononga kwambiri. zinthu zinasintha pambuyo maonekedwe zida za nyukiliya.

N'chifukwa chiyani tiyenera mortars nyukiliya ku m'badwo wa mmwamba?

Asayansi amene ankagwira ntchito pa bomba la atomiki, nkhani yaikulu mu siteji koyamba za kafukufuku. Mlandu anafunika kufufuma, kapena mmene kutsimikizira mphamvu ya zida zatsopano? Koma apa mu Nevada chipululu woyamba "bowa" alamuka pa dziko, nadza funso linauka mmene mumalozana mphamvu zonse za unyolo nyukiliya anachita pa mutu mdani wake. Zitsanzo woyamba adalemera ndithu, ndipo Panafunika nthawi kuchepetsa kulemera ndi mfundo zovomerezeka. "Mafuta" kapena "Mwana" ankanyamula kampani "Boeing" njira yoponya mabomba B-29. Mu zaka 50 Soviet Union wakhala wamphamvu chida yobereka amatanthauza kupezeka Komabe, drawback kwambiri. IDB kungakupatseni chiwonongeko cha mipherezero mu mphamvu kwambiri ndi mdani chachikulu, United States, makamaka anapatsidwa anasiya mu nthawi ya chuma odana ndi chida. Koma nkhondo ya akagwiriridwa akanakhoza kukhala okonzekera ku Ulaya, pamene njira mivi ballistic, pali malire pa utali wozungulira osachepera. Ndipo nkhondo theorists adza kwa zambiri zowonekera chakale zida zankhondo.

American kanthu ndiponso mmene Soviet

Soviet Union sanali Mlengi wa mtundu zida zankhondo mikono, anayamba America. M'chaka cha 1953, mu Nevada akhala akutayirapo dothi French yachonde woyamba T-131 mfuti kuwombera maganizo, mtunda amene anandituma nyukiliya chida likungosonyeza wa 280 mm. projectile ndege inatenga masekondi 25. Ntchito pa chozizwitsa cha luso kale zaka zingapo, ndipo motero, yankho Soviet kwa kanthu US mukaganiziridwe overdue. Mu November 1955, Bungwe la nduna USSR zachitika chikalata (chinsinsi), malinga ndi zimene Kirov Chomera ndi Kolomna Machine Nyumba SKB analangiza kulenga zitsanzo ziwiri za zida zida zankhondo: mfuti (amene analandira chokhudza dzina "capacitor-2P") ndi matope 2B1 "Oka". The backlog anali wolephera.

Mawu Buku cha kapangidwe wapadera

Kulemera kwa woyang'anira mabomba anyukiliya nthawi ina. Pamaso pa kapangidwe gulu kutsogoleredwa ndi CSC zina kuti adzipeza Shavyrina anali yovuta: kulenga matope angathe zashvyrnut thupi kulemera kwa makilogalamu 750 pa mtunda wa makilomita mpaka 45. Pali ndi magawo mwatsatanetsatane, ngakhale monga kuyeza kwa kuwombera projectiles kabotolo. Mfuti sinali kuti nacho kudalirika ena, amatsimikizira nambala inayake akatemera, ngakhale mu zinthu nkhondo ya zida (ngakhale okha), izo ndithudi sanathe upambana manambala limodzi manambala. Sayenda - chikhalidwe kuvomerezedwa, mfuti n'kupuma mdani pambuyo pa nkhondo anayamba pafupifupi kungakupatseni kuwononga. Galimotoyo chisamaliro anakhala ogwira ntchito kufakitale, antchito Kirov ku Leningrad. chakuti matope 2B1 "Oka" adzakhala zikuluzikulu, zinaonekeratu yomweyo, ngakhale isanayambe kamangidwe kake.

galimotoyo

Kirov Bzalani zinachitikiranso wachuma wa kumanga wapadera crawler galimotoyo, koma pafupifupi unsembe mungachite, amene inaimika nthawi iyi, tinapita singathe wa ndigwira n'kotheka. Komabe, okonza ntchitoyi, ambiri, kupirira. Amphamvu kwambiri pa nthawi ya IP-thanki 5 (amatchedwanso IP-10 ndi T-10) akutumikira monga "mwiniwake" anapereka "sakugwirizana 273" powerplant, mtima umene anali turbocharged dizilo B 12-6B mphamvu malita 750. a. Woterowo katundu ngakhale izi ntchito injini cholemera okha moyo utumiki, kupereka malo a makilomita 200 okha (khwalala). Komabe, mphamvu wokha ndithu, aliyense makina tani anayambika pafupifupi 12 "akavalo" kuti amalola kukhala patsogolo zovomerezeka, ngakhale mwachidule. Pakuti 2B1 "Oka" ndi "Capacitor-2P" bogies cholinga yunifolomu, osati chifukwa cha phindu la standardization, komanso chifukwa chakuti palibe wamphamvu kwambiri kulenga nthawi kuti anali sangathe. Road mawilo okonzeka ndi dampers munthu torsion mtengo.

420 mamilimita matope 2B1 "Oka" ndipo thunthu lake

Thunthu ali ndi kukula chidwi. potsegula zinachitikadi ndi breech, pa mamita makumi awiri kutalika njira zosiyanasiyana zimene anachitazo n'zosayenera. Onse zipangizo chiwombolo angadzachite mphamvu kale ntchito ngakhale kwa mfuti superheavy Pankhaniyi anali phindu lochepa kwambiri. Atomiki 420 mamilimita matope 2B1 "Oka" analibe slicing thunthu, mlingo wake anafika zipolopolo 12 pa ola limene kwa mfuti ili likungosonyeza ndi chizindikiro chabwino kwambiri. Waukulu damper rollback anatumikira thupi kwambiri za makina, kanyama kameneka ndi mbali zina galimotoyo.

chionetsero

Popita kudutsa pa makina yaikulu kunali munthu mmodzi yekha - dalaivala. Wina umodzi, kuphatikizapo mkulu wa mawerengedwe a anamutsatira matope 2B1 "Oka" mu galimoto oti muli nazo zida kapena galimoto ina. Pa perete polemekeza chikumbutso wa October utasintha mu 1957, galimoto anafika pambuyo italandilidwa mayesero onse. M'kupita kwa anaulula kapangidwe zophophonya zawo zambiri, anali kwa mwadongosolo kwambiri. Pamaso pa kudzera anadabwa a manyuzipepala ena ndi magazini majestically grated kudziletsa injini matope 2B1 "Oka", ndi Woitana mokondwera analengeza za nkhondowo ntchito chilombo cyclopean. Si onse akatswiri asilikali anakhulupirira choonadi umaimiridwa ndi Mwachitsanzo, ngakhale malingaliro adawomba kuti zimakhala zachinyengo. akatswiri ena adakhulupirira yoopsa chikhalidwe cha chida ichi ndi mosavuta anatola nyimbo bwino za kuopa Soviet asilikali. Ndipo iwo onse anali ndi ufulu wawo. 420 mm kudziletsa injini matope 2B1 "Oka" pali ndithu weniweni, ndipo anachititsa kwambiri akatemera mayeso. Funso lina zokhudzana durability ake ndi wokonzeka enieni.

chifukwa

55 matani makina zoyenda osati mlatho uliwonse, zaka zitatu pambuyo zionetserozi pa Red Square chachotsedwa utumiki. Kuyesa liza prototypes anayi matope 2B1 "Oka" anali anasiya mu 1960 zifukwa ziwiri zazikulu. Choyamba, zigawo zikuluzikulu galimotoyo ndi osachisunga katundu wokhala anakumana pa angadzachite amakankhira makina lonse kwa mamita asanu kumbuyo, ndiponso miyezo awalimbikitse sanapereke zotsatira. Malire a mphamvu mwatsatanetsatane aloyi ukadali kumeneko. Chachiwiri, pa nthawi panali mwatsatanetsatane chida onyamula kuti uchita bwino ndi maneuverability kwambiri. Monga inu mukudziwa, roketi amachotsa popanda kubweranso, chifukwa, zofuna Launcher ake zambiri wodzichepetsa. Panali chinthu china zimene zinapangitsa mapeto a chida wapadera. Atomiki 420 mm matope 2B1 "Oka" kugulitsidwa bajeti ndi odula kwambiri, ndi kutsirizitsa wake anali chiyembekezo yosokoneza kwambiri. Zonsezi anathandiza chakuti galimoto ku gulu la zida zapamwamba za nkhondo anagwera mu angapo zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho zakale, kuwonjezera pa mndandanda wa curiosities asilikali.