"B-52" - USA yoponya mabomba. Mbiri ya chilengedwe

"B-52" - yoponya mabomba, Boeing anamasulidwa ndi American kampani mu 50 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo. Iwo poyamba anali zithandize yobereka mabomba awiri nyukiliya paliponse mu Soviet Union. Lero akanali ndege yaikulu mu nkhokwe ya losatha ndege ya Air Force of America.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

B-52 Stratofortress - asilikali brainchild mmodzi wa yaikulu mabungwe ndege kupanga mu dziko - American Boeing Company. chinenero cha Chirasha, dzina lake lonse likumasuliridwa kuti "mpweya Nyumbayi". Kukula ake anayamba mu 1950s pamene kampani anayamba kupanga m'badwo wachiwiri kwa ndege zankhondo, womwe zoponya mabomba. ndegeyo cholinga chake chinali m'malo zitsanzo ziwiri akulu: B-36 B-47. Mlembi wa chitsanzo loyamba linali kampani Convair, wachiwiri - Boeing.

Akuluakulu US asankha m'malo pisitoni zoponya mabomba ndipo analengeza mpikisano pakati maofesi kapangidwe kulenga njira ndege ndege. mpikisanowo analengeza pakutha pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse mu 1946. Mu mpikisanowo anatenga gawo magulu atatu - kwa kale dzina lake anagwirizana Douglas. Tikumbukenso kuti pamene palibe atsogoleri pamwamba asilikali sankakhulupirira kuti n'zotheka ndege katundu ndege, ngakhale ndi osiyanasiyana owonjezera 13 chikwi. Makilomita. Komabe, asayansi, okonza ndi amalonda ayamba ndi changu kutsutsa tsankho izi. Ntchito yawo inali kulenga osati ndi yoponya mabomba njira zida ndi Outbound.

Kupeza vuto, aliyense kudziŵa mmene angakhalire "B-52" (yoponya mabomba). Kodi zimenezi yatsopano ndege kwa nthawi, zomwe zinatsogolera oyambitsa? Convair kampani, kutenga monga maziko pisitoni B-36, amakhulupirira kuti akwanilitse zolinga ndi khazikitsa ndi injini ndege ndi mapiko mu mawonekedwe a mivi. Ophunzira chachiwiri, Douglas, analengera galimoto latsopano kotheratu, zomwe zimaonetseratu anali kukhala turboprops. Boeing anaganiza kugwira nawo ntchito kukhazikitsa sing'anga yoponya mabomba B-47 ndi bwino ntchito yake mlingo ifeyo.

Yomanga Boeing Company

Gulu, amene ankachita nawo chitukuko cha polojekiti pansi udindo ntchito "Model 464", anaphatikizapo asanu akatswiri kutsogolera, omwe pafupifupi mu gawo lomwelo ntchito pa B-47. The gulu anayamba kuyambirira kapangidwe ndege "B-52". Yoponya mabomba, makhalidwe amene anali apamwamba kuposa amene anali mu ndege, olengedwa ndi kampani kale, adamfunsa njira yatsopano ndi mavutowo. Makamaka, zinaonekeratu kuti kufunika ndege mtunda ndi kuyembekezera manja kulemera matani 4.5 zikuphatikizapo kuwonjezeka kudzachitika-kuchokera kulemera kwa makina matani 150. Izi kawiri mlingo wa m'badwo ndege m'mbuyomu. Komanso, liwiro, malinga ndi zofunika luso, amayenera kufika 960 Km / h.

Kuthetsa mavuto pogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo turbojets J-57. Ndodo zawo zinali matani 3.4. Anaganiza kukhazikitsa eyiti injini amenewa. Amaphatikiza waika zinayi, iwo anaikidwa pa mapiko a ndege mothandizidwa ndi pylons yaikulu, anakaonekera mapiko. Pa nthawi yomweyo chifukwa pazipita kotenga kukhazikika kwa muyezo ndege inamangidwa mkulu mokwanira. Pakuti mafuta, buku limene ayenera zinalinso zokwanira kwa ndege intercontinental, kuchuluka danga mkati mapiko a kudera la 371,6 lalikulu. m.

Akuluakulu US anapatsa anayamba bungweli "Boeing", "B-52". American yoponya mabomba ndipo anavomereza mu 1947, ndipo kampani adalandira kuti boma, kusainira pangano prototypes awiri.

mayeso

The zinachitika woyamba, umene usilikali anapatsidwa lakuti "XB 52", anali wokonzeka kumapeto kwa November 1951. Komabe, mpaka makina ndi kukonzekera mayeso woyamba, anakwanitsa wavulala. Pofuna kuwononga mbiri ya kampani, ife anaganiza kuti kuitana zifukwa woona kubwera kwa ndegeyo kwa mbewu. Mayeso kuyimitsidwa kufotokoza kufunika kukhazikitsa hardware zina. Chifukwa, lamanja la ndege yoyamba anasamutsidwa ndi makina chachiwiri, anatchulidwa usilikali ngati "YB 52". Inatha mu mwezi wa March 1952.

M'katikati mwa April, anayamba mayesero kuthawira "B-52". yoponya mabomba anali zokuzira ndi galimotoyo otchedwa njinga mtundu, umene ndi kapangidwe m'malo chidwi. The galimotoyo ndi anayi matayala poyimitsa (anaika mu ndege fuselage osiyana recess aliyense wa iwo) akhala okonzeka ndi ulamuliro hayidiroliki ndi Autobrake. Komanso, okonza anachotsa makina dependencies pa nyengo pa zinthu zofunika ndi ndegeyo kuti magudumu a kamangidwe galimotoyo limakupatsani kuziika makona kwa olamulira chapakati airframe a. Choncho, adalandira zambiri pa liwiro mphepo ndi malangizo oyendetsa ntchito tebulo mawerengedwe akhoza pabwino gudumu kuti ndegeyo achokapo chammbali pa kutha kwa Mzere wa. Iwo mbali luso ali chidwi cha anthu pa wogwira ntchito patapita zaka ziwiri.

Pamene mayesero yatha, makina a boma analandira dzina "B-52 Stratofortress" kutanthauza "mpweya Nyumbayi". Komabe, zimene zinachitikira oyendetsa mayeso changu wapadera sanali amasiyana. Vuto la pa ndege anapulumutsa akasinja mafuta mu mapiko cavities - iwo mowirikiza ikudontha. Iskhitryatsya anayenera kusiya ndi kutayikira pa ndege.

mafunso oyamba adalira ejection dongosolo: otetezeka kusiya ndege ndi catapult zinali zotheka kwa kutalika mamita mazana atatu. The chowombelera inali mu gawo kumbuyo kwa chimbudzi ndi elektropechka anaikidwa mu sitimayo ankamutsekera iye. Pa ndege ya mivi zinali pafupifupi kutali adalira ndi isungidwa wailesi naye. Choncho, ngati anakana, katswiri sanadziwe chimene chinkachitika ndi ndegeyo. Poyamba anali chifukwa cha zochitika ndi "B-52". Yoponya mabomba pamene akuuluka chiphaliwali anali mu mtsinje mpweya kunsi. Chowombelera, kuganiza kuti ndege madontho, ejected, motero anakakamizika kuponya pa makina mfuti. analibe oyendetsa anapezeka kale pa nthaka.

kusinthidwa siriyo

"B-52", Stratofortress yoponya mabomba, anadzuka pazimalamba zozungulira mu 1955. Choyamba anamasulidwa ndi kusinthidwa wa mndandanda - "B-52A" - adalowa mphamvu njira mpweya June. Ndege ntchito kuphunzitsa adalira, komanso galimoto ndondomeko refueling ndege mlengalenga. Patapita nthawi yochepa anasiya "B-52B". Total anamasulidwa makumi asanu ndege ya kusinthidwa izi. Makina ija ali ndi wokonzeka mishoni anamenyana ndi zida wamba ndi nyukiliya pa bolodi. Kuti tichite zimenezi, iwo panali injini patsogolo kwambiri ndi cholinga cha 4,62 ths. Matani ndi pati ndi dongosolo panyanja. Kuti aonetse mphamvu ya B-52 (yoponya mabomba) anapitiriza yosayima wozungulira ndege dziko, anatsanzira panjira anawomberedwa vuto nyukiliya.

chionetsero panafika asanu anaukira ndege, amene adatenga mlengalenga kuchokera airfield asilikali m'munsi Castle (California) mu ora la tsiku January 16, 1957. Pa ndege ndi utali wonse wa 39.2 zikwi. Km "B-52" yoponya mabomba anafunika refueling ndondomeko (mu August), ndi kanayi. Komabe, si ndege onse anatha kukhala njira zawo. Patangopita maola, mzinga anapanga ankafika pangozi ku England. Zosayembekezereka injini kulephera anali chifukwa cha kulephera kwa ndege ina kuti ngozi anafika Labrador. Otsala magalimoto atatu chosakwanira masiku awiri tidakocheza ku airbase ndi pafupi Los Angeles. Chifukwa cha nyengo yoipa kumene akupita anafika theka ola limodzi.

Njira M'gululi ndege pa Newfoundland, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Ceylon, Malaysia (pano munali ochiritsira cholinga nkhondo), ndi Philippines, Guam ndi tsinde la Castle, patatha maola 45 Mphindi 19. The ndege zinachitika pa msinkhu variable 10,7-15,2 zikwi. Mamita pa liwiro la 865 Km / h. Pamene tikuyandikira chandamale makonzedwe nkhondowo liwiro anali ziwonjezeke kwa 965 Km / h. Imafunika kuthiridwa mafuta a ndege pa ndege pa Atlantic Ocean, Nyanja Mediterranean, Saudi Arabia ndi Philippines. Kuti tizikonda zotsatira za refueling anatenga malo usana ndi usiku ndipo mu nyengo iliyonse. Asanayambe ndondomeko yafupika chida okwera, liwiro Pankhaniyi anali 400-480 Km / h.

M'pofunikanso ponena kuti woyamba wozungulira ndege dziko linapangidwa ndi ndege "B-50" mu 1949 ndipo patatha maola 94.

Mu mndandanda lachitatu la ndege - "B-52C" - ngakhale atakhala wamkulu samatha injini - matani 5.4. Magalimoto 35 Only zinalembedwa mu 1956. N'kuikapo starters pneumatic pa ufa analephera kasanu kuchepetsa nthawi ya mbewu injini onse - ndi theka kwa mphindi zisanu. Komanso, waperekedwa kuthekera ntchito zida. Pa "B-52" (yoponya mabomba, chida) anakhazikitsa mivi sitima yatsopano, njira malamulo dzina lake "posakasaka Dog" (posakasaka galu). Atachoka kwa nkhondowo Alamu kuchepetsa kutalika kwa oyendetsa msewu wonyamukira ndege zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati accelerator turbojets mivi. Ndiye mivi kuchokera akasinja refueled mu ndege.

imfa

Mu m'ma 1960 kumayambiriro, wayamba ntchito ndege cholinga ankafuna. "B-52" - yoponya mabomba sverhalny chida - lakonzedwa kupulumutsa zida za nyukiliya mu gawo lirilonse la Soviet Union. Tinayamba woyamba tentative reconnaissance flights pamodzi malire boma la USSR. Iwo ayenera kumvetsa kuti ngozi zoterozo m'ndege odzaza ndi zokwana nyukiliya mosavuta kukonza wina Hiroshima. Panthawiyi mwadzidzidzi zinthu "B 52" zachitika ndi zonse zodabwitsa. Ngozi ntchito zida za nyukiliya ndi malamulo Dzina "wathyoka muvi." Ambiri ngozi inkachitika ndi awa ndege pa United States, komanso mayiko wochezeka kumwamba.

Choncho, mu 1958 panali ngozi woyamba m'gawo la Boma la North Carolina, kumene woyendetsa molakwika anaponya bomba pa denga la nyumba. Chifukwa, makombo a anthu asanu anavulala. Mu 1961, mu boma omwewa waponya ndege yokha, bomba nkhonya anakomoka. Chaka chotsatira, mu chikhalidwe chomwecho iye anagwa yoponya mabomba ndi mitundu iwiri ya "posakasaka Dog" zida Goldsboro.

Tsoka zinachitika koyamba kunja kwa United States mu 1966, pamene kulondera sitima zapamadzi inawombana ndi "KC-135" mu mlengalenga pa Spain. Roketi Mmodzi anagwa pa nyanja ya Mediterranean, atatu zambiri anagwa pa mudzi wa Palomares. Chifukwa zinayambitsa detonator lonse mudzi linali litadzala ndi nyukiliyazo basi. Last mwalamulo promulgated ngoziyi inkachitika pa gombe la Greenland a 1968, pamene ndege moto sikunkafika airfield magalimoto pansi Bay lapansi. Chifukwa, ndi kachilombo anali kudera la makilomita lalikulu asanu.

zosintha Recent

Kuyambira 1956 1983, ife analenga zosintha asanu. Series "B-52D" unayambitsidwa mu kuchuluka kwa ndege 101. Zino, ife adzafupikitsidwa muyezo ndi bwino dongosolo pati. Mu pomwe lotsatira - E - anamasulidwa ndege imodzi yokha zana. Iwo analimbikitsidwa phiko. Komanso, okonza anaika zida kuti amalola kuuluka pamalo okwera otsika. More mafuta imayenera injini akhala anaika mu mndandanda F amayi, ndege 89. Mmodzi wa iwo kunapezeka kuti momvetsa chisoni. Mu 1961, pamene ntchito yonseyi anali ntchito makonzedwe kuukira womenya ndege wakuti "B-52F". The womenya woyendetsa molakwika zipolopolo mzinga ndi mfuti pansi yoponya mabomba. Mamembala onse oyendetsa atatu anafa. Pambuyo nkhani imeneyi, ndegeyo anavula ndi Zochita amenewa.

Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha chida anadza mu mndandanda yotsatira "B-52". Zoponya mabomba kusinthidwa G inakhazikitsa mu kuchuluka kwa ndalama 193 kwa zaka zinayi kuyambira 1958. Samatha injini linawonjezeka matani 6,34, zambiri capacious ndege mafuta akasinja adawonjezeka. Otsiriza mndandanda - N - opangidwa mpaka 1962, 102 inatuluka kuchokera mu ndege. Samatha Motors kale nakhala matani 7,71. mafuta dzuwa chawonjezeka ndege mtunda wa makilomita 2,7 zikwi -. ku makilomita 16,7 zikwi .. ndege iyi atchuke dziko chiwerengero cha maola ndege popanda refueling :. 20,17 zikwi makilomita anagwidwa mu maola 22 ndi mphindi 9. Ndipo mu 2006, kusinthidwa ili chida anaulukira seveni koloko pa mafuta kupanga.

Kuyambira 1965 mpaka 1984 ndege angapo B / C / D / F "B-52" anali anapuma US Army. Ndi mapeto a Cold nkhondo chifukwa cha kugwa kwa Soviet Union, iwo anachotsedwa ntchito nkhondo. Choncho, 1992 asilikali kumanzere 159 chida zosintha G ndi H. Makonzedwe m'munda wa manja ku Russia zinachititsa kuchepetsa okwana zoponya mabomba izi. Mu 2008, otsalira makina H-Series ndinayamba kuchepetsa. Panthawi imeneyi asilikali anali 68 mzinga, amene adzakhala mu utumiki mpaka 2040. N'kutheka kuti ndege awa adzakhala akatswiri kwa nthaŵi ya ntchito. Nawo zoponya mabomba pafupifupi US kusiyana usilikali.

makhalidwe a

"B-52" - ndege pankhondoyo yoponya mabomba, zida ndi injini eyiti. Iye piloted anthu asanu ndi adalira. Mwa makhalidwe zofunika angatchedwe ndi wingspan kuti mamita 56,39, ndi alumikizana - mamita 49,05 Msinkhu - mamita 12,4. kulitenga kuchokera kulemera matani 221,5 anali akwaniritsa ndi kusinthidwa otsiriza. Akulumikiza lililonse galimoto ndi matani 7,71. Distance kufalitsa ndegeyo ndi wofanana 2.9 Nchito thous M.. Liwiro yoponya mabomba pazipita kuti akufotokozera ndi 1013 Km / h. Iwo ali utali wozungulira cha nkhondoyi mu makilomita 7730.

Pa bolodi chida wokwera zisanu 20 barreled mm Cannon, limene lili paseri pa ndege. "Mpweya Nyumbayi" pofuna kuthana katundu wa matani mpaka 31,5 mabomba. Komanso, chida ali okonzeka ndi zida zamakono kwambiri chifukwa cha khalidwe la bwino za nkhondo amagetsi. Makamaka, zida ndi wokwera adalira phokoso zabodza ndi kuwasokoneza, mungu ndi zida misampha infuraredi.

Kale chaka chino, akuluakulu US afalitsa nkhani Mabaibulo latsopano "B-52". Yoponya mabomba, amene anali yodziwika ndi mfundo dongosolo Yambitsaninso kuponya yekha pa zipolopolo kunja gulaye, tsopano okonzeka ndi "wanzeru" dongosolo. Monga Tingaone nsanamira boma mwatsatanetsatane-motsogozedwa munitions tsopano adzaikidwa mu bomba Bay. Unsembe wa dongosolo latsopano kuonjezera mphamvu ndegeyo osachepera 50%. Komanso, adzachotsa "wochenjera" mabomba ku kuyimitsidwa kunja, zimene zimachititsa mafuta ndi 15%, komanso amathandiza kuti tikhalebe chinsinsichi zokhudza mdani, zomwe zida adzakhala yoponya mabomba.

A mgwirizano ndalama zankhaninkhani miliyoni 24,6, Boeing analandira kumayambiriro kwa chaka otsiriza. Izo zakonzedwa kuti dongosolo latsopano adzakhala mu utumiki mwamsanga 2016. Komanso zolinga za usilikali kuti azolowere "B-52" pansi drones ndi.

Ndege "grandfathers"

American "Kama ndi 52" - pa yoponya mabomba, amene kuchokera tsiku loyamba la kukhalapo nthawi zonse anali poyerekeza ndi Soviet njira ndege ya kalasi lofanana ndi Lachiwiri 95. Akatswiri ndege zankhondo, onse ndege ikutchedwa ndi "agogo a ndege lakutali." Onse makina anapangidwa Air Force m'mayiko awiriwa kwa zaka zoposa 60, mukukuma- wamakono zonse. odana Russian asilikali US akutchedwa, monga banal, chimbalangondo. Mkangano anthu amene galimoto yabwino, ndipo ena zizindikiro, mpaka lero. Akatswiri asilikali dziwani kuti ndege onse akhala ndi njira zamoyo zinachita ku yosavuta kwa njira chida yoponya mabomba. Makina ofanana ndi angapo zina Mwachitsanzo, onse kuthawa osiyanasiyana choposa makilomita zikwi khumi. Komanso, dera mdani zimatheka ndi makina onse mu mtundu uliwonse, ngakhale molunjika mzere kuyenda. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, liwiro lalikulu akufotokozera American "B-52". Yoponya mabomba poyerekeza ndi Lachiwiri 95 Iyamba kuti chikwi. Km / h, ndi liwiro "mtembo" ukufika 850 Km / h.

Komabe, pali makhalidwe ndi zomwe galimoto m'banja kuposa Otsutsa ake kunja. magawo awa, makamaka, anati injini kwa dzuwa Apamwamba - osachepera kawiri. Malinga ndi akatswiri, ndi ndege osiyanasiyana 10-12 zikwi. Km ya US yoponya mabomba "B-52" amathera matani 160-170 mafuta ndege, pamene Russian ndege pa mtunda wofanana adzatenga matani 80 okha.

Akatswiri zoweta m'zochitika asilikali ndi ndemanga unflattering za injini. Malinga ndi iwo, ntchito Lachiwiri 95 mabodza chakuti injini zonse zinayi zili ndi atali-onsewo zomangira. Motero, yokhulupirika imapereka zoweta chida onyamula ukulu pa "B-52". US yoponya mabomba okonzeka ndi injini eyiti, koma kubweretsa mavuto ambiri ndipo ndi ntchito m'malo ofooka. Malinga ndi akatswiri, umboni ndi imfa ya mayunitsi kunja asilikali mpweya. Kotero, tidziwa kuti pa 740 unayendera kwa magalimoto ankhondo, anatha kutaya ndege 120. Komanso anali yoponya mabomba American "B-52" wachititsa imfa ya mabomba angapo nyukiliya, zomwe sizipezeka lero. Ena amati mabomba zinatayika m'gawo la Greenland ndi gombe la Portugal.

Ovuta zida chida

Zachitetezo a m'mayiko onse, makamaka mphamvu yaikulu monga Russia ndi US, ndiwo opanga yaikulu ya zida, kuchita nawo mumtima, ndipo nthawizina pa mpikisano lotseguka. Ndege - ichi ndi mbali imodzi ya mpikisano nthawi zonse. Kukhala mfumu ya mlengalenga - kodi angakhale yapamwamba ntchito ya asilikali? Russian zoponya mabomba ndi American mowirikiza poyerekeza. Mwachitsanzo, ku America mobwerezabwereza ukutchulidwa deta kuchirikiza ukulu makina awo pa zoweta chida ndi bomba katundu nthawi pafupifupi angapo.

Akatswiri Russian amakonda kuchitira zonena ndi wosakhazikika. Akatswiri asilikali saona chifukwa kuti mosayang'anira kukhulupirira chinacho, kuyambira deta awa ntchito zida za mpheto. Ngati tilankhula za chilungamo, koma mkulu oyendetsa ali lingaliro zonse chiwerengero cha mfuti gulu lake. Dziwani kuti dziko lonse nyukiliya warhead cinali kuponya izo Russian ndege. Mphamvu waponya mabomba, inde ndipo sipadzakhalanso 50 mln. Matani TNT, ndi kuphulika pa kuyesera katatu mwazunguliza Dziko Lapansi. Mlanduwo anaponyedwa pa dera la Dziko Latsopano.

Wauka phulusa

"B-52" - yoponya mabomba (. Photos, onani) adzabwerera kwa kagulu ka Air Force la America. Uthenga izi kufalitsa pa chiyambi cha March 2015. Mu likubwezera mizere "B-52H" wodziwika ndi dzina la "Mzimu Wokwera" (Mzimu Wokwera), chimene chidalembedwa kutali zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zapitazo. Iye anatulutsidwa mu 1962 ndipo anamaliza ntchito yake ukuuluka mu 2008. Chiyambireni apo, ine ndinali mu Tucson (Arizona) pa otchedwa ndege manda. Ndi cholinga m'malo makina kuonongeka ofanana. Kukonza ndege anatenga miyezi ingapo. Iye bwinobwino zapita mayesero ndege, imene anapita oposa 1.6 zikwi. Km. Pambuyo pake, ataima pa m'munsi mpweya Louisiana. Apa kukonza atamaliza mayeso omaliza.

Dziwani kuti mu mbiri United States asilikali ndi nthawi yoyamba kuti amene anapuma pantchito "B-52" abwerera kumka ku dongosolo kanthu nkhondo. Monga tanena ndi oimira Air Force, lidzaloŵa m'malo ndege woterewu umene yapsya pamaziko a kukonza kwake ndalama ndithu zodula.