Jacobin - izo ... Policy ndi ulamuliro wa Jacobins

Jacobin - membala wa chipani (a Jacobin Club) kuyambira Wamkulu French kuukira boma.

Origin la gululo

The Jacobin Club linakhazikitsidwa ndi anthu a nyumba ya National Assembly wa Chiburetoni nusu. Iwo misonkhano yawo m'nyumba ya ansembe yotchedwa St. Yakobo Paris. Choncho dzina la Jacobins wa chipanichi. otsatira ake, ndiponso m'madera momwe muli zibonga zing'onozing'ono zambiri zinalengedwa. Warping Tsiku - June 1789. Jacobin Club anali mmodzi wa otchuka kwambiri pa nthawiyo, ndipo anali kusokoneza kwambiri pa chitukuko ndi gulu la French kuukira boma.

The zikuchokera gululi

Mpheroyi mapiko atatu, kapena kachigawo:

1. Ufulu, kutsogozedwa ndi Danton, wachilamulo ndi tsogolo Nduna ya Za Chilungamo cha France.

2. Kumanzere, amene mtsogoleri anali dokotala wotchuka mtolankhani Marat kwakukulu maganizo, ndi othandiza odzipereka kwa Jacobins anabweretsa mantha.

3. Center - lotsogoleredwa ndi Maksimilian Robesper anali wanzeru wogwira ndi loya ndi ntchito.

Choncho, Jacobin - Ndi mmodzi wa gulu kayendedwe chosintha, ambiri amene anali anthu ophunzira kwambiri.

Kumayambiriro kwa penipeni, ndi Jacobins ndiwo oyamba a dziko ufumu malamulo. Polankhula Convention, iwo kulimbikitsa umodzi wa boma, kulimbikitsa ya chitetezo cha dziko, koma dzina mantha okhwima mkati adani a France, ndi iwo amene akuyesera kugawanitsa boma kuchokera mkati.

Maximilian Robespierre - mtsogoleri wa Jacobins

Iye anabadwa ku banja la maloya. Kumayambiriro mayi ake anamwalira ndi bambo, amene anasiya banja, Robespierre anakweza agogo ake kumbali akuchikazi, ndi Brewer, amene ankafuna kuti Yesu akhale wogwira ntchito, kukhala otsimikiza kuti loya ntchito chuma adzabweretsa. Koma mphunzitsi wa mnyamatayo, powona talente yake kuphunzira, akatulukire kwa anthu otchuka a mzinda, ndipo Robespierre anali kupereka maphunziro kuti zinamuthandiza kuphunzira pa Paris lycee. Nditamaliza maphunziro, anabwerera kwawo ndipo kumizidwa mu moyo ndale. Ndiyamika oratory zake zabwino Robespierre amasankhidwa mwa maguluwo wa pa States General wa mzinda ndi anabwerera ku Paris.

mawu anzeru wamng'ono akuzigawo posachedwa kukopa tcheru mawu a Robespierre ayamba kumvetsera.

Chiyambireni cha zochitika kunachitika mu France, amatenga nawo mbali, mokomera chilolezo kuchita zinthu zosangalatsa zisudzo, Huguenots ndi Ayuda, chifukwa chiyembekezo chakuti ukapolo ankawalamulira ndi veto pa kuphedwa mu France.

Popeza kukhazikitsidwa kwa Jacobin Club, Robespierre anakhala mtsogoleri wake waukulu. Pambuyo pa chiwonongeko cha ufumu, ndi kulengeza France ya ufulu ndi mabwalo a indivisible kuti ndi udindo ŵa mu Convention National lapansi.

Policy Jacobins anayamba kulamulira

Otsutsa chachikulu cha panganoli National wa Jacobin Club anali Girondins. Jacobin - membala wa kwakukulu club ndale, kutanthauza kuti si njira ya anthu amene sakhala kwambiri. Girondins anali ndi kuphedwa kwa mfumu, poopa kuti anatsegula njira mantha dziko. Ngakhale talente osati makupeka ndi bungwe, yolimbirana mphamvu anataya. Mu 1793, pambuyo chitsutso cha Robespierre mu Convention, anayesedwa ndi kuphedwa.

Atabwera mphamvu, Jacobin ulamuliro wa chipani chawo, ali kufanana makamaka akuopsa. Komiti ya Zachitetezo unakhazikitsidwa. Iwo ankapita ndi Robespierre. M'madera onse a dziko anatumizidwa ku ntchito ovomerezeka m'munda. mphamvu zonse za Jacobins anaponya chinyezimiro alowererepo ndi yankho la mavuto a zachuma. Chikaikiro polima chilango cha imfa, mokakamiza anagwira mkate ndi tirigu mitengo ndi kuliika mapulogalamu zofunika kwambiri akhala anaika.

Mu nthawi yochepa chifukwa cha zochita zikuluzikulu za Jacobins anatha kulenga bwino French asilikali ndi kuthetsa kuopseza alowererepo. kusintha Economic zili sanali bwino. kugawanika anayamba pakati pa Jacobins okha. bourgeoisie The sanakhutire ndi mfundo okhwima, anthu anafuna kusintha kwinanso. Robespierre, akuyesera kuti agwirire mphamvu mu dziko ndi mantha, posakhalitsa anakhala nkuyamba. Iye ndi anzake apamtima anaphedwa M'chaka cha 1794. Pambuyo pake, ndi Jacobin kupondereza anagwa.

Pomaliza

mawu uli ndi tanthauzo lina. Jacobin - ndi freethinker kapena munthu kuganiza chosintha. Mu zaka XVIII-XIX mawu awa anali wotchuka kwambiri. Panopa, izo sikawirikawiri ntchito.