Karl Liebknecht: yonena, mbiri ya moyo, zikayenda ndi chintchito

Iye anali zaka pang'ono cha nkhondo yoyamba ya II World ayesetsa kugwirizanitsa maiko a proletariat nkhondo yolimbana ndi kuopseza likubwerali akupitirizabe. Iye anali wachiwiri okha amene pa msonkhano wa Reichstag anavota mokutsutsani padera ndalama ku boma German chifukwa kupitiriza ntchito asilikali ndi France, Russia ndi England. Iye ndiye tate wa German Communist Party. Pakuti zitsanzo wake odana ndi boma ndipo akuchonderera Alimbana anaphedwa ndi anthu ake phwando. Wolimba mtima ndiponso moona chosintha, amene anamenyera mtendere ndi chilungamo, wotchedwa Karl Liebknecht.

Wambiri: ndi ndani Karl Liebknecht

Iye anabadwa August 13, 1871 ku Leipzig (Germany). Bambo ake anali wotchuka chosintha Wilhelm Liebknecht, amene analenga German Social-Democratic Party, pamodzi ndi zotchuka mofanana August Bebel. bambo Karl anali bwenzi la Marx ndi Chichewa. mwana wake dzina itatha yoyamba ya comrades pamwambapa.

Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti Karl Liebknecht kuyambira ubwana akhala pa misonkhano ogwira ntchito. Iye anakula kukhulupirira Marxist. Karl anaphunzira pa yunivesite ya Berlin ndi Leipzig, chifukwa cha zomwe anakhala loya kwambiri. maloto ake anakwaniritsidwa - adayamba kuteteza zofuna ndi ufulu wa anthu ogwira ntchito mabwalo amilandu.

Chiyambi cha ntchito chosintha

Mu 1900, Karla Libknehta membala wa Democratic Social Party. Patapita zaka 4 m'bwalo German anachita monga loya kuteteza anthu German ndipo Russian chipani, amene anali kunenedwa oletsedwa mtanda malire yobereka mabuku yoletsedwa. Ndiye, mu mawu ake, iye anadzudzula malamulo a chizunzo zokayikitsa kuti zimenezi mwachangu ankazunza Prussian-German boma, ndi Russian tsarist boma.

Karl Liebknecht m'malo zikuchepa anatsutsa machenjerero zisinthe anathamangitsa mabwalo bwino-phiko Social Democratic atsogoleri. Pa nthawi yomweyo, iye anaikira mphamvu zake zonse pa mabodzawo antimilitarist ndi kuchititsa ntchito ndale mwa achinyamata.

Mu 1904, a German Bremen, msonkhano wa Democratic Social Party. Pa nthawi imeneyo, aliyense anadziwa amene Karl Liebknecht. Iye anapereka kulankhula moto limene limafotokoza bwino kwambiri nkhondo monga mmodzi wa malinga waukulu wa bizinesi dziko. Iye akufuna pulogalamu yapadera chifukwa propaganda odana ndi nkhondo. Komanso, iye anali Mlengi wa chilengedwe mabungwe chikhalidwe-demokalase achinyamata kuchita kanema atsopano kumvetsetsa zonse usilikali.

Mtima ndi zimene zinachitika mu Russia

Kuukira kumene 1905-1907, ikuchitika pa dera la Russian Ufumu, anautsa lonse la Europe. Ngakhale mfundo yakuti Karl Liebknecht - Germany ndi kubadwa, iye yawo kunali kofunika chochitika yaitali ankamuyembekezera ndi poyera kuti akugwirizana pa chochitika ichi. Mu 1905, pa Democrats Social Jena Congress, iye anayamba nkhondo andale ndi revisionists ndi, mwalamulo kulengezedwa ndi ambiri andale kumenya wina wa njira zothandiza kwambiri kulimbana proletarian ufulu wawo.

Yotsatira zokopa ntchito Liebknecht anayamba diatribe wake pa Mannheim Party Congress. Apa iye kamodzinso kudzudzulidwa malamulo a boma German pa thandizo kwa boma la Russia tsarist mu pacification za kayendedwe chosintha. Pomaliza, analimbikitsa muno ake kutsatira chitsanzo cha proletarians Russian ndi kuyamba kulimbana chomwecho, koma m'dziko la kwawo.

Mapangidwe otaya kumanzere

Mu Russian zisinthe mu German Social Democracy ndinayamba kugawidwa m'magulu awiri. chipani unapangidwa bungwe kwa kumanzere. Mmodzi wa atsogoleri zikuluzikulu, monga Roza Lyuksemburg ndi ena, anakhala ndi Karl Liebknecht. Mu 1907, iye anali m'gulu nawo chilengedwe cha Socialist International, achinyamata, ndiponso yotsatira zaka 3 amalamulidwa gulu.

Nkosafuna kunena kuti chosintha Libknehta Karla mbiri, masiku kiyi ndi zochitika zomwe ankasinthana pa liwilo, sakanakhoza kuchita wopanda amangidwe M'nkhani ya? Mu 1907, iye anaweruzidwa kuti akakhale m'ndende ku malo otetezedwa bwino atapulumutsa kulankhula pa msonkhano woyamba, zimene zinabweretsa pamodzi oimira mabungwe zokomera achinyamata ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana.

kutali

The yonena za ndale Libknehta Karla anapitiriza mu 1908, pamene iye anali kusankhidwa Prussian Komiti ya akuluakulu. Iwo anatenga zaka zinayi. Panthawi imeneyi, mbiri yake wakula mwakuti kale anali mbali ya akuluakulu a German Reichstag. Mu 1912, pa wotsatira chipani msonkhano mu mzinda wa Chemnitz, iye poyera kuti proletarians kulimbikitsa umodzi padziko lonse, chifukwa ankaona chida champhamvu polimbana ndi kukula nkhondo. Chaka chotsatira, pa rostrum aphungu Karl Liebknecht mlandu Krupp ndi atsogoleri ena pa mutu wa okhawo lankhondo la Polimbikitsa nkhondo.

Dziwani kuti ngakhale pambuyo World Choyamba (1914 - 1918), Liebknecht, ngakhale chikhulupiriro chawo kwambiri, aliyense anamvera chigamulo chojambulidwa ambiri a kagulu kamene Social Democratic mu Reichstag. Iye ngakhale anakuvoterani kugwila Kuyamikira nkhondo, koma ndinazindikira kulakwa kwake. Iye ankafunitsitsa konzani zimenezi, ndipo pambuyo pa miyezi 4 mwayi.

ft chosintha

Kumayambiriro December 1914, msonkhano nthawi zonse German Reichstag. Tikumbukenso kuti tsiku holo anali odzaza. mabenchi a boma anali wotanganidwa. Iwo anakhala ankhondo, alaliki, olemekezeka. Tcheyamani analengeza chiyambi cha Kuvota kwa Kuyamikira nkhondo. Izi ziyenera zikutanthauza kuti Reichstag amavomereza boma anabweretsa nkhondo France, Russia ndi England.

Palibe anakumana akukayikira pang'ono chabe kuti parliamentarians maphwando onse anakuvoterani chisankho pamene alankhula monga August 4, T. E., Popanda ziwanga yekha, kuphatikizapo 110 democrat chikhalidwe. Koma chinachake chinachitika kuti palibe amene ankayembekezera. Aphungu onse anaimirira, kusonyeza kuti bata, ndipo mmodzi yekha anakhala pansi pamalo ake. dzina lake anali Karl Liebknecht.

Iye anali mmodzi yekha pa nthawi anatsutsa Kuyamikira zolinga asilikali. Mu mawu olembedwa, amene anaperekedwa kwa wapampando wa Reichstag anam'patsa malongosoledwe a nkhondo anabweretsa zomwe monenetsa otchedwa aukali. Atangochoka chikalata ichi anawagawira unsembe zoletsedwa mu mawonekedwe a timapepala ta.

N'zovuta kuona anali kuvota Liebknecht yekha motsutsa magulu bourgeois onse, kuonjezerapo lake, amene mamembala mopanda manyazi adampereka kalasi ntchito. Mu choonadi, unali ft weniweni Karla Libknehta, kuyambira pambuyo kukavota ake pa iye mwaukali anaukira atsogoleri a German Social Democrats, amene kuyambira pa chiyambi cha nkhondo anali anzawo a boma German. Mawu ake mu yamalamulo anautsa lonse la Europe. M'mawu ake anali kubwera nambala yaikulu makalata ndi moni ndi mawu thandizo.

kukhumudwa

Nthawi yomweyo isanachitike First World Liebknecht anapita France. Pali adapereka mau amene adaitana antchito kugwirizanitsa ndi kuyesetsa kupewa nkhondo pafupi. Koma monga mukudziwa, izo sizinatero. Mwamwayi, pafupifupi onse magulu zokomera anali wamantha opanduka, kupatula mmodzi yekha - Bolshevik. Pamene nkhondo inayamba, kokha malo ake mfundo za amakhalabe zikutsatiridwa mpaka kumapeto.

Liebknecht sizinkayenda anakhumudwa kuti chipani chake manyazi pakupereka mfundo lamadyerero. Koma ngakhale, iye sanachite zinthu ndi iwo mu yamalamulo pa August 4, chifukwa ine ndimaganiza kuti ndi udindo wanga amatsatira chipani chilango. Zinali kochititsa kulakwitsa, iye anawalangiza voti wake pambuyo miyezi 4.

frontline mavuto

Mwa njira, boma sanali kukhululukira Liebknecht voti yake pa msonkhano wa Reichstag. Iye adapachikidwa, usilikali, ngakhale pa nthawi imene iye anali kale zaka 44. Komanso, osati zaka, koma amanenanso wake wa thanzi kwambiri moti iye anali kosamugonjera kutengapo mbali. Bwanji, ngakhale mutu wa kazembe chiyani amuthandize.

Kutsogolo Liebknecht iye anali msilikali battalions ntchito. Apa iye anachita zonse zonyansa ndi kugwira ntchito mwakhama, koma, ngati umboni ndi mboni, Iye adali mokondwera ndi sadzataya mtima.

Imfa ya chosintha

Nditangofika kuchokera kutsogolo, Liebknecht, pamodzi ndi mtima umodzi wake Rosa Luxemburg anachita nawo mu gulu la "Spartacus", umene unakhazikitsidwa ndi January 1916. Iye amatenga yogwira ntchito odana ndi nkhondo. Pa ichi iye anachotsedwa pa kagulu kamene Social Democratic mu yamalamulo ndi. Mu chaka chomwecho, ku rostrum wa Reichstag Liebknecht anaitanira pa proletarians German kulowa May 1 mu chionetsero pansi pa chiphiphiritso "Pansi ndi nkhondo!" Ndipo "Antchito a m'mayiko onse kugwirizanitsa!"

Pa chionetsero Liebknecht waitanidwa ophunzira onse kuti kuwononga boma, limene, mogwirizana ndi iye, magazi komanso wopanda nzeru imperialist nkhondo. Chifukwa mawu amenewa oukira Liebknecht anagwidwa ndi m'ndende kwa zaka zinayi m'ndende. M'ndende, anaphunzira za chigonjetso cha October kuukira boma ku Russia ndi anatenga uthenga mwakhama anaitana asilikali German sanatenge gawo mu yimitsira ake.

Mu October 1918, Libnehta anatulutsidwa Kenako anapitiriza ntchito zake chosintha. wandale lobbied ndi mfundo wonyenga wa atsogoleri a Democratic Social Party. Zinali iye amene pamodzi ndi Rosa Luxemburg pa msonkhano woyamba wa Berlin, kumene kunachitika ku mapeto a December 1918, anakhazikitsa German Communist Party.

Mu January 1919, panali zipolowe odana ndi boma, lomwe ankapita ndi Libkneht Karl. masiku kiyi ndi zochitika mu moyo wake, kuyambira pa unyamata wake, anali inextricably zogwirizana ntchito chosintha, kotero Democrats Social opanda chifukwa, ankaopa kuti zimenezi ndi kuyitana kungachititse kuti chiyambi cha nkhondo yapachiweniweni mu Germany. Iwo anayamba kufunafuna atsogoleri chikominisi. Pakuti mitu ya Liebknecht ndi Luxemburg anali mphotho ya 100 zikwi. Stamps. January 15, mkulu wa membala chipani kale, Social Democrat G. Noske, iwo anagwidwa ndi kuphedwa.