"Domostroy" ndi chiyani? "Domostroy": wolemba, chaka cha chilengedwe, mwachidule

A wapadera chikhalidwe chipilala anakhalabe m'nthawi anthu okhala Russia wakale. Akalembetse m'zaka za m'ma 16, bukhu linali kokha malangizo ufulu okhawo amene akumanga nyumba. Iwo anatenga monga maziko chilengedwe banja ndi ulimi. "Domostroy" kusiyana ndi makolo athu ndi kufunika kwake kwa mbiri yakale ndi chiyani? Yesetsani kumvetsa.

Encyclopedia banja Russia wakale

"Domostroy" - malamulo ndi malangizo othandiza pa tsiku lililonse. Iye Chili wauzimu ndi aboma. Nzosadabwitsa buku ili ndi loyamba "Encyclopedia a m'nyumba" - kuti ndi "Domostroy".

Kuwonjezera malangizo ndi zidule, likulu la miyambo mwambo anali kuperekedwa. Maukwati, zikondwerero ndi chibwana tsiku anali kukhala chogwirizana ndi buku lino.

Achilendo molakwa kuti zili "despotism wa umutu" kudziwa zonse, popanda yekha, ndi anthu a Russia.

Zikamera wa "despotism wa umutu"

M'zaka za m'ma 16 chinawonjezeka chiwerengero cha inalembedwa. Anali aphindu kwambiri. M'malo zikopa pepala anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito, zimene zinabweretsa kwa Russia kuchokera ku Ulaya. Choncho, chilengedwere "despotism wa umutu" zikhoza kukhala kaya pamanja ndi kulisindikiza. Akatswiri ena lipoti awiri Mabaibulo a buku lakale. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi akale kwambiri kalembedwe, okhwima, koma yolondola ndi wanzeru. A yachiwiri okhwima modzaza ndi malamulo wosamvetseka.

The "Domostroy" (chaka cha kukhazikitsidwa samadziwika motsimikiza) mu zoyambirira za m'ma 16 mu Velikiy Novgorod.

Zofunika anali ngati Asilavo zopereka ndi ziphunzitso ndi maganizo "Zlatoust", "izmaragd", "Golden unyolo".

Mu "Domostroi" onse nzeru ndi mfundo kale kusindikizidwa anali analemba. Kuyendera "Malangizo" Monomakh, munthu akhoza kupeza zinthu zambiri zofanana pa malamulo a khalidwe kuchokera Nthawi osiyana.

Mlembi ndi ndani?

Maganizo za Mlengi wa Encyclopedia wapadera mogwirizana. Akatswiri ena amaganiza kuti woyambitsa "despotism wa umutu" - bambo wauzimu Ivana Groznogo - wansembe Sylvester. Iye analenga buku kumangiriza kwa mfumu. Ena amakhulupirira kuti Sylvester chabe rewrote "Domostroy" pakati pa zaka za m'ma 16.

chidule

Iwo ayenera kuphunzira zili m'buku lino kusintha kunyumba, kumvetsa mmene ayenera ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani ulemu ndi mpingo. Ngati ife monga maziko kwa chilengedwe cha Sylvester, lili ndi chiyambi, uthenga kwa mwana bambo ake ndi pafupifupi 70 (makamaka 67) machaputala. Zinakhalira mu zigawo zikuluzikulu pa zauzimu, chidziko, banja kuphika.

Pafupifupi machaputala onse ali paubwenzi ndi malamulo Mkhristu ndi malamulo. Pambuyo "chilango cha atate wake," M'mutu wotsatira anafotokoza mmene Akhristu molondola akukhulupirirabe Utatu Woyera ndi amayi a Mulungu angwiro. Iwo unanena mmene kulambira zotsalira woyera ndi mphamvu wopatulika.

Woyambitsa "despotism wa umutu" mwatsatanetsatane chimauza owerenga bwanji kuti mauta, ubatizo, mgonero, mgonero chakudya. Kodi si ololedwa kuchita mu mpingo.

Chofunika kwambiri m'buku amaperekedwa kwa kulambira mfumu ndipo aliyense wolamulira ogwirizana kufunika kwa mpingo ndi wolamulira anthu.

Chilangizo cha atate mwana wake

Ndikufuna kuti ayanjane ndi buku "Domostroy", mwachidule amene tafotokozazi mwatsatanetsatane.

A malo apadera ndi malangizo ofunika kwambiri a "despotism wa umutu" - malamulo Atate. Kutembenukira kwa mwana wake, choyamba anamudalitsa. Komanso, akuphunzitsa mwana wake, mkazi wake ndi ana ake kukhala molingana ndi malamulo Mkhristu, ndi chowonadi ndi chikumbumtima chabwino, kukhulupirira ndi kusunga malamulo a Mulungu. Atate amapereka mizere mwana wake ndi banja lake, ndipo akuti: ". Ngati lembali salandira, mudzakhala ndi udindo okha pa Tsiku la Chiweruzo"

Iwo anapatsidwa ulamuliro, nzeru ndi kunyada. malangizo amenewa adzakhala zogwirizana nthawi iliyonse. Ndipotu makolo amafuna kuti ana awo zabwino, iwo akufuna kuona oona mtima, achifundo ndi abwino anthu. achinyamata ambiri nthawi zambiri amamva mawu amenewa kwa atate ndi amayi awo. A "Domostroy", chaka cha chilengedwe chimene chinagwa pa nthawi ulemu wapadera wa Mulungu, kuyika chirichonse mu malo ake. Ndi lamulo ayenera kuphedwa ndi kufika. Iye sanali Mufunsidwe. Iye anali atakhala ndi banja lake lonse awo "sitepe", amasonyeza Kubverana kwawo na, Chofunika, zimagwirizana pamodzi. "Ndicho chimene Domostroy".

Kulemekeza ndi kumvera atate wake ndi amake

Ana koletsedwa kulumbira ndi makolo awo amazunza iwo ndi kutsutsa. malamulo Bee kuchitidwa mopanda kukaikira, popanda kukambirana makolo ake ananena.

ana onse ndi kukonda bambo ako ndi mayi, kumvera iwo, kulemekeza akalamba ndi kumvera pawo mu zinthu zonse. Iwo osamvera, kuyembekezera temberero ndi achotsa. Ndipo ana, kukupatsani bambo ndi mayi kumvera, usaope - adzakhala mu ubwino, ndi wopanda mavuto.

mutu ladzala ndi nzeru, kulemekeza munthu. Izo zikutikumbutsa ife za kupitiriza za m'tsogolo ndiponso zapitazi, kuti kulambira makolo - ndi mphamvu ya anthu lonse. Mwatsoka, si omwenso ankalimbikitsa monga choonadi ndi ponseponse. Makolo ataya yonena kuti ana awo.

About needlework

M'masiku amenewo ntchito yabwino wolemekezedwa wapamwambatu. Choncho "wa umutu despotism" malamulo nkhawa usilikali ndipo apamwamba kuphedwa kwa ntchito iliyonse.

Mlandu ankachita ndi anthu ogonana, mozama mokondera, kuba, kuchita zabwino kuti athandize anthu. Musanayambe ntchito iliyonse chofunika kuwoloka ndi kupempha madalitso kwa nthawi Ambuye atatu kugwadira dziko lopatulika. Lililonse needlework (kuphika, yokonza inventories, Chotsimikizika) ayenera kuyamba ndi malingaliro oyera ndi manja kutsukidwa.

Chirichonse chimene chachitika ndi maganizo angwiro ndi zilakolako, adzapindula anthu. Kodi Mukukangana kuti? ..

Chiletso cha "despotism wa umutu"

Mkubwela kwa boma latsopanolo mu 1917. akonzedwa Izi malamulo yayimitsidwa, ndipo ngakhale zoletsedwa. Ndithudi, izi chifukwa chakuti boma ankatsutsa mabodza achipembedzo ndi chilichonse chokhudzana ndi izo. Choncho, "Domostroy" sanathe kuvomelezedwa ndi boma latsopanolo. polimbana autocracy ndi serfdom (mothandizidwa ndi Church) analetsa akutchula za chipembedzo ndi ziphunzitso.

Mu mabuku onse Olemba nthawi imeneyo anabweretsa kwa wowerenga maganizo kulibe Mulungu. Inde, buku ndi ziphunzitso za kulambira ansembe ndi achipembedzo, makolo a utumiki wawo wauzimu kwa mfumu, ndi mitundu yonse ya olamulira sanathe analola Mulimonsemo.

Chotero kulimbana ndi chipembedzo kwa zaka sanali bwanji ndithu pa makhalidwe a anthu masiku ano.

mtengo yophunzitsa

Ngakhale otchulidwa m'buku la mawu monga "Tsiku la Chiweruzo", "satana", "oipa", onse a malamulo awa tsopano chowatsogolera zabwino zochita za moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Popeza chakuti, potengera malamulo muyezo sizingatheke "sunalembedwe lamulo" kwa anthu amakono a Russia.

Makhalidwe amapangidwa pa maziko a malamulo abwino amene anagona makolo, kusukulu, anthu. Sikuti kulabadira chifukwa ichi. Osanenapo chakuti malamulo aliyense amawatenga onse ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. mpingo salinso zocheza ndi anthu kotero kulemekeza malamulo onse a Mulungu.

Tsopano, ntchito zambiri ndi reinvented kutenga tanthauzo latsopano. Ntchito kuti anakanidwa, natsutsa, anazindikira kuoneka ndi luso. "Domostroy" - ndi chimodzi mwa zolengedwa zimenezi wapadera kubala kwa banja ano, achinyamata ndi anthu onse kwambiri malangizo othandiza tsiku lililonse. The lingaliro lalikulu la bukhu - ndi za maphunzilo a wana kuyambira masiku oyambirira, malangizo a ntchito zabwino za mwanayo komanso chiwonetsero cha ubwino zochita zake zonse. Kaya zimenezi si akusowa anthu wathu wonse mabodza, chinyengo, nsanje, kupsa mtima?

Tanthauzo la m'mbiri

Zikamera wa buku lino, tsopano kupeza zokhudza moyo ndi moyo wa anthu a nthawi imeneyo. "Domostroy" linalembedwa kuti gulu lonse, kwa anthu odetsedwa osiyana siyana. bukuli ndi zankhondo, clerks, utumiki ndi anthu onse amene ali ndi banja, kulenga katundu wanu. Kaya buku amasonyeza moyo weniweniwo, kapena ulamuliro kulenga moyo abwino, izo zili ndi tanthauzo lalikulu m'mbiri anthu tsopano tikukhala mu Russia. Akatswiri ena akufufuza munthawi yake, chikhalidwe ndi ozindikira moyo wa anthu Russia m'nthawi ya 16. Ngakhale pa nthawi ngati panalibe zosangalatsa konse, chifukwa aliyense Church zosangalatsa natsutsa ndi zoletsedwa. Kodi "Domostroy" kwa olemba mbiri? Izi ndi zofunika za moyo payekha, makhalidwe abwino m'banja, malamulo achipembedzo, miyambo ndi malamulo a tsiku ndi tsiku mu banja Russian a nthawi imeneyo.