Munthu anthu mkulu - ali, monga ulamuliro, munthu ndiwe wa amazikonda anthu otchuka

Boma likhoza kukhala boma kapena unitary, kodi ndi dongosolo ndyale. Chinthu chokha chimene chimagwirizanitsa m'mayiko onse - ndi gulu m'magulu, alipo kuyambira nthawi ya dongosolo wosazindikira limodzi.

Amene akuimira dongosolo kalasi

Chigawo cha boma kapena anthu mu makalasi mwina maina osiyana. Kwa Ulaya ndi Tsarist Russia anali yodziwika ndi kalasi zinthu zokhudza dziko. Mayendedwe a mayunitsi zinalengedwa zaka mazana ambiri. The kuli magulu osiyana siyana nthawi zonse akulankhula za lochitira chikhalidwe. anthu unapangidwa ndi mbali khalidwe mu malo oyamba, kuti kuunikila stratum mwayi, kapena mukudziwa, ataima pa mlingo wokweretsa boma, ndi m'manja a maulamuliro onse. Kuyambira chiyambi cha XVIII atumwi mu Russian woimira kalasi ndi amene wachokera ku amazikonda anthu otchuka.

Pa chipangizo chotero, anati boma Plato. Koma kalasi, zogwirizana Roma, ndi kugwa kwake anataya dzina lake, tanthauzo ndiponso kufunika. Nthawi iliyonse, aliyense dziko ali magawano yake mu makalasi. Mu Russia mu 1917 chifukwa cha zisinthe unatha yaikulu boma Eurasian, ndipo unatha ngati "Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira" monga olemekezeka ndi anthu wamba. Choncho, amene wachokera ku amazikonda anthu otchuka, komanso wosalabadira-bourgeois, akumanidwa ufulu wawo ndi maudindo.

mbali khalidwe la magulu a anthu

National strata chimafotokozera mbali zina mu gulu lililonse m'dera wogwidwa khalidwe zizindikiro ufulu, mphamvu ndi udindo enshrined pa mlingo dziko ndipo anatengera. Nthawi zonse kusunga dongosolo okhwima Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira, pali zinthu zimene zimapezeka mu kalasi chikhalidwe. Ndipo ngakhale ena kalasi ali unatha kwenikweni, kwa zaka zambiri anapitiriza kukhala ndi maganizo a anthu kapena anakhala dzina banja, anali mbali ya lotanthauzira mawu a. Choncho, mawu akuti "akapolo" nthawi zonse zikugwirizana ndi munthu ambanda, ambiri amadalira origination kapena khalidwe. Ndipo lingaliro la "otchuka", ananena N'zochititsa kumaphatikizapo gulu la anthu otchuka ndi olemera. Mawu "wamba" ambiri wakhala tanthauzo zonyoza, ngakhale kugwiritsidwa pa chimadalira anthu, ali ndi ndalama zina, malamulo ndipo sanali confrontational.

"Ichi - mmodzi mwa anthu"

Pambuyo pa October kuukira boma ndondomeko boma anali umalimbana ndikunyoza nyota ndi zina zomwe a anthu okwezeka. Nthawi zambiri kufufuta iwo pamtima kunali kosatheka, monga kwambiri omveka kanjedza m'mbiri yakale ambiri anali ku kampani imeneyi. Suvorov - amene wachokera ku amazikonda anthu otchuka. Kutuzov ndi Nakhimov, Glinka ndi Zhukovsky - anthu otchuka, ungwazi, wakutemwa ndi chopereka kwa ukulu wa Russia amene angasokoneze kapena kufufuta pamtima siyikuperekedwa kwa aliyense. Iwo anakwanitsa chete kapena kusokoneza zinthu passionary ndi mtima anthu Stolypin, Kornilov ndipo ambiri nthumwi zina zabwino za anthu kwathunthu. Monga zikunenedwa bwino za mwambi uwu: "Lemekezani fuko lomveka tisataye, ngakhale mutu pang'ono kuwonongeka."

Kumene, makhalidwe apamwamba ali ndi osankhika. Pali mazana a zitsanzo, koma wotchuka kwambiri nthawi zonse zimapeputsa Ivana Susanina, ndi Minin ndi Pozharsky anamasulidwa ndi ankhondowo Russian wa Commonwealth. The woyamba - mlimi, wachiwiri (Minin) - zidebe, wachitatu - amene wachokera ku amazikonda anthu otchuka. Pushkin, Nekrasov, Turgenev ndi Tolstoy - Leo ndi Alex.

Malo otchuka ndi

Chigawo chili chonse linali Russian "msonkhano wolemekezeka," anali mtsogoleri wake. Kwenikweni, pokhala ichi kapena kucheza, analankhula za adiresi ya kalasi wachokera, kunena kuti, malo ake "wolemekezeka chisa".

M'chigawo cha Tula anali msonkhano wake wolemekezeka, kubweretsa pamodzi gulu la anthu okalamba a anthu. V. I. Chernopyatov (1857-1935) anali yodalirika ndi Mipikisano buku m'bukhu yakuti "Ichi chuma Tula m'chigawo," lomwe linasindikizidwa pa 1908-1915 nthawi. Pamafunikanso mwamtheradi deta onse kuyambira chiyambi cha anthu otchuka pansi Peter ine mpaka tsiku la mofulumira wake. Iwo amaganizira osati pedigrees, banja zapiringizana, udindo banja, komanso amapezera mwayi pa dzina Lathu, wachita m'gulu limeneli, ntchito zawo zabwino kwa chuma cha dziko lake, ndipo Russia lonse, masukulu, zipatala, ndi malaibulale komanso makampani mafakitale, anamanga pa awo amatanthauza. Tsopano kumakhaladi sayansi amazipanga wotchuka monga heraldry ndi mbadwo. yapamwamba kwambiri kubwezeretsa pedigree ake, kupeza a "mayina ulemerero Russian", ndi zofunika kukhala ndi odula manja. Choncho, ntchito za mbiri yakale monga VI Chernopyatov, amazipanga zikufunika kwambiri.